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OET interlinear REV 18:6

◄ ← REV 18:6 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Ἀπόδοτε
    2. apodidōmi
    3. Give back
    4. -
    5. 5910
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. give_back
    8. give_back
    9. S
    10. Y96
    11. 164205
    1. αὐτῇ
    2. autos
    3. to her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DFS
    7. ˱to˲ her
    8. ˱to˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164206
    1. αὐτήν
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164207
    1. ὡς
    2. hōs
    3. as
    4. -
    5. 56130
    6. C·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164208
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. also
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. D·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164209
    1. αὐτή
    2. autos
    3. she
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3NFS
    7. she
    8. she
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164210
    1. ἀπέδωκεν
    2. apodidōmi
    3. gave back
    4. -
    5. 5910
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. gave_back
    8. gave_back
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164211
    1. ὑμῖν
    2. su
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2D·P
    7. you_all
    8. you_all
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164212
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164213
    1. διπλώσατε
    2. diploō
    3. double
    4. -
    5. 13630
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164168
    11. 164214
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164215
    1. αὐτῇ
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DFS
    7. ˱to˲ her
    8. ˱to˲ her
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164216
    1. διπλᾶ
    2. diplos
    3. double
    4. -
    5. 13620
    6. S····ANP
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164217
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. according to
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164218
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164219
    1. ἔργα
    2. ergon
    3. works
    4. -
    5. 20410
    6. N····ANP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164220
    1. αὐτῆς
    2. autos
    3. of her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GFS
    7. ˱of˲ her
    8. ˱of˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164221
    1. ἐν
    2. en
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 17220
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164222
    1. τῷ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····DNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164223
    1. ποτηρίῳ
    2. potērion
    3. cup
    4. -
    5. 42210
    6. N····DNS
    7. cup
    8. cup
    9. -
    10. Y96; F164226
    11. 164224
    1. αὐτῆς
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GFS
    7. ˱of˲ her
    8. ˱of˲ her
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164225
    1. ᾧ
    2. hos
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 37390
    6. R····DNS
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164224
    11. 164226
    1. ἐκέρασεν
    2. kerannuō
    3. she mixed
    4. -
    5. 27670
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. ˱she˲ mixed
    8. ˱she˲ mixed
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164227
    1. κεράσατε
    2. kerannuō
    3. mix
    4. -
    5. 27670
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. mix
    8. mix
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164168
    11. 164228
    1. αὐτῇ
    2. autos
    3. to her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DFS
    7. ˱to˲ her
    8. ˱to˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164229
    1. διπλοῦν
    2. diplous
    3. double
    4. -
    5. 13620
    6. S····ANS
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164230

OET (OET-LV) Give_back to_her as also she gave_back, and double the double, according_to the works of_her, in the cup which she_mixed, mix to_her double,

OET (OET-RV) Pay her back in the way she’s treated others,
 ⇔ pay her back double for what she’s done.
 ⇔ Mix a double portion for her in her own cup.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:6a–7a

In 18:6–7a the speaker now urged someone to punish Babylon. It is not clear to whom the voice spoke. He used four different commands. Two commands urge them to give her a punishment that is equal to her sin. Two commands urge them to give her double the punishment. The four commands together urge them to fully and completely punish Babylon.

The four commands are all addressed to more than one person or being. If you must say to whom the speaker is speaking, use a general plural word. For example:

You, (plur) give back to her….

18:6a

Give back to her as she has done to others;

Give back to her as she has done to others: The Greek clause is literally “Reward her as she also rewarded (you/others).” The context indicates that Babylon had done bad things, and these people were to do bad things to her in return. Other ways to translate this clause are:

Pay her back even as she has paid (NASB)

Do to her as she has done to others (NLT)

Give back to her as she has given (NIV)

18:6b

pay her back double for what she has done;

pay her back double for what she has done: The Greek clause is literally “double the double according to her deeds.” It refers to punishing Babylon twice as much as she deserved for the evil deeds she did. Other ways to translate this clause are:

repay her double for her deeds (RSV)

Double her penalty for all her evil deeds (NLT)

indeed, double the punishment for her deeds

18:6c

mix her a double portion in her own cup.

mix her a double portion in her own cup: This clause refers figuratively to punishing Babylon by doing twice the evil to her. It commands the people to do what she had done to others, but twice as much. For example:

in the cup which she has mixed, mix twice as much for her (NASB)

In some languages a literal translation would not have the correct meaning. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

mix her: At the time wine was often mixed with water and spices before drinking. There are several ways to interpret the Greek word that the BSB translates as mix:

  1. It refers to mixing two or more liquids together. For example, the RSV says:

    mix…for her (BSB, RSV, NIV, NASB, ESV, NET)

  2. It refers to pouring something into a cup. For example, the GNT says:

    Fill her cup (GNT, KJV, NABRE, NIV11)

  3. It refers to giving something. For example, the GW says:

    Give her (GW, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because the lexicons support it.Only the L&N have “pour” as a sense of the Greek word, but it lists this verse under the sense of “mix.” Beale, Aune, Hughes, Lenski, Smalley, and Kistemaker also support interpretation (1).

The word mix refers here to getting the portion ready for the woman to drink. Other ways to translate this clause are:

prepare (NCV)

make

her: The BSB omits the word “for” in a natural English style. In many languages, this word must be explicit. For example, the RSV says:

for her

a double portion: There are two ways to interpret the Greek word that the BSB translates as a double portion:

  1. It refers to twice as much liquid (twice as much wine and water mixed together). For example, the NET says:

    double the amount (BSB, RSV, NIV, NASB, NABRE, ESV, NLT, GW, CEV, NET)

  2. It refers to twice as much wine but the same amount of water. For example, the GNT says:

    twice as strong (GNT, NJB, REB, NCV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because of the connection to the amount of her sins in 18:5 and “pay her back double” in 18:6b.Aune, Lenski, Osbourne, and Smalley also support interpretation (1).

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν, καὶ διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ, κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καί αὐτή ἀπέδωκεν καί διπλώσατε τά διπλᾶ κατά τά ἔργα αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν)

The voice from heaven is using a characteristic form of Hebrew speech. The voice is naming a number and then, for emphasis, naming the next higher number. An example of this is in [Amos 1:3](../amo/01/03.md), “For three sins of Damascus, even for four, I will not turn away punishment.” If it might seem to your readers that the voice from heaven was contradicting itself, first saying to punish Babylon one way (just as much as the city hurt others) and then saying to punish Babylon a different way (twice as much as the city hurt others), you could show in your translation that this is actually a progression for emphasis. UST models one way to do this.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular

ἀπόδοτε & διπλώσατε & κεράσατε

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καί αὐτή ἀπέδωκεν καί διπλώσατε τά διπλᾶ κατά τά ἔργα αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν)

All of these imperatives are plural. (They seem to address the angels whom God has appointed to punish Babylon, as UST indicates.) So use plural imperatives in your translation if your language marks that distinction.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ, κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς; ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν,

double (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καί αὐτή ἀπέδωκεν καί διπλώσατε τά διπλᾶ κατά τά ἔργα αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν)

These two phrases mean similar things. The voice from heaven is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. The first phrase expresses it literally and the second phrase expresses it figuratively. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the two phrases. UST models one way of doing this.

Note 4 topic: writing-poetry

διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ

double (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καί αὐτή ἀπέδωκεν καί διπλώσατε τά διπλᾶ κατά τά ἔργα αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν)

The voice is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have its own way of expressing the same meaning. Alternate translation: [repay her double]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν

in the cup which ˱she˲_mixed mix ˱to˲_her double

The voice is speaking as if Babylon had literally mixed a cup of wine for others to drink. This is a reprise of the image in [14:8](../14/08.md). However, the emphasis here is on how drinking too much wine makes a person stagger. This is an image of how Babylon will stagger from God’s punishments. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [punish her in a way that will make her stagger twice as much as she made others stagger]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

18:6 Double her penalty: The severity of some sins required a double recompense (see Exod 22:4, 7, 9; cp. Isa 40:2; Jer 16:18; 17:18).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Give back
    2. -
    3. 5910
    4. S
    5. apodidōmi
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. give_back
    8. give_back
    9. S
    10. Y96
    11. 164205
    1. to her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DFS
    7. ˱to˲ her
    8. ˱to˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164206
    1. as
    2. -
    3. 56130
    5. hōs
    6. C-·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164208
    1. also
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. D-·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164209
    1. she
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3NFS
    7. she
    8. she
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164210
    1. gave back
    2. -
    3. 5910
    5. apodidōmi
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. gave_back
    8. gave_back
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164211
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164213
    1. double
    2. -
    3. 13630
    5. diploō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164168
    11. 164214
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164215
    1. double
    2. -
    3. 13620
    5. diplos
    6. S-····ANP
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164217
    1. according to
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164218
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164219
    1. works
    2. -
    3. 20410
    5. ergon
    6. N-····ANP
    7. works
    8. works
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164220
    1. of her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GFS
    7. ˱of˲ her
    8. ˱of˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164221
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 17220
    5. en
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164222
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····DNS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164223
    1. cup
    2. -
    3. 42210
    5. potērion
    6. N-····DNS
    7. cup
    8. cup
    9. -
    10. Y96; F164226
    11. 164224
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 37390
    5. hos
    6. R-····DNS
    7. which
    8. which
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164224
    11. 164226
    1. she mixed
    2. -
    3. 27670
    5. kerannuō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. ˱she˲ mixed
    8. ˱she˲ mixed
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164227
    1. mix
    2. -
    3. 27670
    5. kerannuō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. mix
    8. mix
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164168
    11. 164228
    1. to her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DFS
    7. ˱to˲ her
    8. ˱to˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164229
    1. double
    2. -
    3. 13620
    5. diplous
    6. S-····ANS
    7. double
    8. double
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164230

OET (OET-LV) Give_back to_her as also she gave_back, and double the double, according_to the works of_her, in the cup which she_mixed, mix to_her double,

OET (OET-RV) Pay her back in the way she’s treated others,
 ⇔ pay her back double for what she’s done.
 ⇔ Mix a double portion for her in her own cup.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← REV 18:6 ↑ → ► ║ ©