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Rev 18 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24

OET interlinear REV 18:9

◄ ← REV 18:9 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. PS
    10. Y96
    11. 164293
    1. κλαύσουσιν
    2. klaiō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 27990
    6. VIFA3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    8. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164294
    1. κλαύσονται
    2. klaiō
    3. will be weeping
    4. -
    5. 27990
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    8. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164295
    1. αὐτήν
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AFS
    7. ˱for˲ her
    8. ˱for˲ her
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164296
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164297
    1. κόψονται
    2. koptō
    3. will be mourning
    4. -
    5. 28750
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ mourning
    8. ˓will_be˒ mourning
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164298
    1. ἐπʼ
    2. epi
    3. for
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164299
    1. αὐτήν
    2. autos
    3. her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164300
    1. αὐτῇ
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164301
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164302
    1. βασιλεῖς
    2. basileus
    3. kings
    4. kings
    5. 9350
    6. N····NMP
    7. kings
    8. kings
    9. -
    10. Y96; F164309; F164311; F164314; F164323; F164330
    11. 164303
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164304
    1. γῆς
    2. gē
    3. earth
    4. earth
    5. 10930
    6. N····GFS
    7. earth
    8. earth
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164305
    1. οἱ
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. that
    5. 35880
    6. R····NMP
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164306
    1. μετʼ
    2. meta
    3. with
    4. -
    5. 33260
    6. P·······
    7. with
    8. with
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164307
    1. αὐτῆς
    2. autos
    3. her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164308
    1. πορνεύσαντες
    2. porneuō
    3. having committed sexual immorality
    4. committed sexual immorality
    5. 42030
    6. VPAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ committed_sexual_immorality
    8. ˓having˒ committed_sexual_immorality
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164309
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164310
    1. στρηνιάσαντες
    2. strēniaō
    3. having lived sensuously
    4. lived
    5. 47630
    6. VPAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ lived_sensuously
    8. ˓having˒ lived_sensuously
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164311
    1. ὅταν
    2. hotan
    3. whenever
    4. -
    5. 37520
    6. C·······
    7. whenever
    8. whenever
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164312
    1. ἴδωσιν
    2. horaō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37080
    6. VSAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ see
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may˒ see
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164313
    1. βλέπωσιν
    2. blepō
    3. they may be seeing
    4. -
    5. 9910
    6. VSPA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ seeing
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ seeing
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164314
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164315
    1. καπνόν
    2. kapnos
    3. smoke
    4. smoke
    5. 25860
    6. N····AMS
    7. smoke
    8. smoke
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164316
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. of the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164317
    1. πτώσεως
    2. ptōsis
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 44310
    6. N····GFS
    7. fall
    8. fall
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 164318
    1. πυρώσεως
    2. purōsis
    3. burning
    4. burning
    5. 44510
    6. N····GFS
    7. burning
    8. burning
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164319
    1. αὐτῆς
    2. autos
    3. of her
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GFS
    7. ˱of˲ her
    8. ˱of˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164320

OET (OET-LV) And will_be_weeping and will_be_mourning for her the kings of_the earth, which with her having_committed_sexual_immorality and having_lived_sensuously, whenever they_may_be_seeing the smoke of_the burning of_her,

OET (OET-RV) The kings of the earth that had committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her, will weep and wail over her when they see the smoke of her burning.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:1–24: Announcements/Messages about Babylon

In this section, three heavenly beings each announce something about Babylon. The first announcement is that the city is destroyed. Her riches and prosperity have been taken away.

The second announcement is that God’s people should leave Babylon before God destroys her. It also describes how kings and others mourn over the destroyed city.

The third announcement is that Babylon will never be built again.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

An angel announced that Babylon was destroyed, and some groups are sad

Announcements about the destruction of Babylon

Various people talk about Babylon

18:9–20

The Greek does not clearly indicate when the voice from heaven (18:4a) stopped speaking. There are two ways to interpret who spoke or wrote 18:9–20:

  1. The voice continued to speak here. The voice continued describing what will happen. (NIV, NJB, NASB, GW)

  2. The voice stopped speaking at the end of 18:8d. John then saw the events of 18:9–20 and wrote about them. (BSB, RSV, GNT, NABRE, NLT, CEV, NET, REB, NCV, ESV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because the future tense continues from 18:8.Beale (page 905), Swete (page 231), and Caird (pages 224–225) support interpretation (1). So 18:9–20 are events that the voice told John about, just like 18:4–8.

Indicate that the voice continues speaking. In some languages introducing the quote again is necessary or more clear. For example:

The voice continued, “When the kings…

That person in heaven spoke further saying, “When the kings…

That person’s voice continued speaking from heaven, saying, “When the kings…

18:9a–b

Then the kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her will weep and wail at the sight of the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her: The kings’ actions are described in two ways here:

  1. they committed sexual immorality…with her,

  2. they lived in luxury with her.

What the kings actually did at the sight of the smoke is not written until after these descriptions. Your translation should make it clear that (a) and (b) above describe the customary deeds of the kings. You should not translate it as something they only did at this time. For example:

Regarding the kings of the earth who had committed adultery with her and shared her luxury, when they see the smoke

When the kings of the earth who had been committing adultery with her and sharing her luxury now see the smoke

18:9a

Then the kings of the earth who committed sexual immorality

the kings of the earth: This phrase refers to the leaders of nations around the earth.

who committed sexual immorality: This clause probably symbolizes the kings as joining Babylon in sinning against God. See how you translated this clause at 17:2 or 18:3.

In some languages a literal translation would not indicate the symbolic meaning of committed sexual immorality. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain in a footnote. For example:

This saying is probably symbolic of joining Babylon in sinning against God.

But if you already have a footnote at 17:2a or 18:3b, you may not want to repeat the footnote here.

18:9b

and lived in luxury with her

lived in luxury with her: The BSB literally represents the Greek here. The kings satisfied their sensual desires together with her. This would include things like rare perfumes, wearing expensive clothing, and eating fancy foods.

luxury: The Greek word here refers to things that satisfy sensual desires. See how you translated this word in 18:7.

18:9c

will weep and wail at the sight of the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her.

weep: This word refers to tears that flow from the eyes because of great sadness. Here the word may also refer to the sounds people make when crying. But it probably does not refer to the loud noise of wailing here.

wail: This word refers to sounds people make when they are grieving. The kings will mourn because they will no longer be able to enjoy Babylon’s luxury and immoral life. Other ways to translate this word are:

grieve

have great sorrow

the smoke rising from the fire that consumes her: This phrase refers to the enemies of Babylon setting fire to her (18:8c). In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that she was burning something. If that is true in your language, make the correct meaning clear. For example:

the smoke from the fire that burns her (NET)

the smoke from the flames that consume her (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

Some versions continue the quotation of the voice from heaven that begins in verse 4 through to the end of this chapter. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to punctuate the quotation the way it does. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to punctuate the quotation the way ULT does and end it with verse 8.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

οἱ & πορνεύσαντες

the & ˓having˒_committed_sexual_immorality

Here as in [14:3](../14/03.md), committing sexual immorality is a symbolic image for worshiping idols. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the ones having worshiped idols]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

κλαύσονται καὶ κόψονται

˓will_be˒_weeping (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί κλαύσονται καί κόψονται ἐπʼ αὐτήν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς οἱ μετʼ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καί στρηνιάσαντες ὅταν βλέπωσιν τόν καπνόν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς)

The terms weep and wail mean similar things. John is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [will weep bitterly]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί κλαύσονται καί κόψονται ἐπʼ αὐτήν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς οἱ μετʼ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καί στρηνιάσαντες ὅταν βλέπωσιν τόν καπνόν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς)

John is referring to the fire that will burn Babylon by association with the burning itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the smoke from the fire that is burning her]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. PS
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. PS
    10. Y96
    11. 164293
    1. will be weeping
    2. -
    3. 27990
    5. klaiō
    6. V-IFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    8. ˓will_be˒ weeping
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164295
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164297
    1. will be mourning
    2. -
    3. 28750
    5. koptō
    6. V-IFM3··P
    7. ˓will_be˒ mourning
    8. ˓will_be˒ mourning
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164298
    1. for
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164299
    1. her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164300
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164302
    1. kings
    2. kings
    3. 9350
    5. basileus
    6. N-····NMP
    7. kings
    8. kings
    9. -
    10. Y96; F164309; F164311; F164314; F164323; F164330
    11. 164303
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164304
    1. earth
    2. earth
    3. 10930
    5. gē
    6. N-····GFS
    7. earth
    8. earth
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164305
    1. which
    2. that
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····NMP
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164306
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 33260
    5. meta
    6. P-·······
    7. with
    8. with
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164307
    1. her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GFS
    7. her
    8. her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164308
    1. having committed sexual immorality
    2. committed sexual immorality
    3. 42030
    5. porneuō
    6. V-PAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ committed_sexual_immorality
    8. ˓having˒ committed_sexual_immorality
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164309
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164310
    1. having lived sensuously
    2. lived
    3. 47630
    5. strēniaō
    6. V-PAA·NMP
    7. ˓having˒ lived_sensuously
    8. ˓having˒ lived_sensuously
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164311
    1. whenever
    2. -
    3. 37520
    5. hotan
    6. C-·······
    7. whenever
    8. whenever
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164312
    1. they may be seeing
    2. -
    3. 9910
    5. blepō
    6. V-SPA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ seeing
    8. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ seeing
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164303
    11. 164314
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164315
    1. smoke
    2. smoke
    3. 25860
    5. kapnos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. smoke
    8. smoke
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164316
    1. of the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ the
    8. ˱of˲ the
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164317
    1. burning
    2. burning
    3. 44510
    5. purōsis
    6. N-····GFS
    7. burning
    8. burning
    9. -
    10. Y96
    11. 164319
    1. of her
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GFS
    7. ˱of˲ her
    8. ˱of˲ her
    9. -
    10. Y96; R164086; Location=Babylon
    11. 164320

OET (OET-LV) And will_be_weeping and will_be_mourning for her the kings of_the earth, which with her having_committed_sexual_immorality and having_lived_sensuously, whenever they_may_be_seeing the smoke of_the burning of_her,

OET (OET-RV) The kings of the earth that had committed sexual immorality and lived in luxury with her, will weep and wail over her when they see the smoke of her burning.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← REV 18:9 ↑ → ► ║ ©