Deuteronomy 34 Chapter Introduction

Structure and Formatting

This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it records Moses’ death.1. Moses views the promised land from Mount Nebo (1–3)2. Yahweh’s final words to Moses (4)3. The death, burial, and mourning of Moses (5–8)4. Joshua succeeds Moses as leader (9)5. The author’s tribute to Moses (10–12)

Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter

Laying on of hands

Moses laid his hands on Joshua to transfer authority to him. This symbolic action showed that Joshua would now lead Israel in Moses’ place.

“face to face”

The phrase “face to face” describes Moses’ unique relationship with Yahweh. Unlike other prophets who received visions or dreams, Moses spoke with Yahweh directly and personally.

Translation Issues in This Chapter

“to this day”

The author uses the phrase “to this day” in verse 6 to refer to the time when this book was written, not to the time when Moses died. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time that is now in the past. See the book introduction.

representative language

This chapter uses body parts to represent actions or the whole person. For example, “to your eyes” means that Moses saw it himself, “the mouth of Yahweh” represents Yahweh’s command, and “before the eyes of all Israel” means in their presence or sight.

seed

In verse 4, the term “seed” is used with the meaning “descendants.” This is a word picture. Just as plants produce seeds that grow into more plants, so people can have offspring. See the book introduction.

“you” and “your” singular and plural

Even though the speaker is addressing all the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of “you.” If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: figs-youcrowd)