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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς κατασκέψασθαι τὴν γῆν Χαναὰν, καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ἀνάβητε ταύτῃ τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ ἀναβήσεσθε εἰς τὸ ὄρος, (Kai apesteilen autous Mōusaʸs kataskepsasthai taʸn gaʸn Ⱪanaʼan, kai eipe pros autous, anabaʸte tautaʸ taʸ eraʸmōi, kai anabaʸsesthe eis to oros, )
BrTrAnd Moses sent them to spy out the land of Chanaan, and said to them, Go up by this wilderness; and ye shall go up to the mountain,
ULTAnd Moses sent them to explore the land of Canaan, and he said to them, “Go up here through the Negev, and you shall go up the hill country.
USTBefore Moses sent them to explore Canaan, he said to them, “Go through the southern Judean wilderness, and then go north into the hill country.
BSB § When Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, he told them, “Go up through the Negev and into the hill country.
JPSAnd Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them: 'Get you up here into the South, and go up into the mountains;
ASVAnd Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way by the South, and go up into the hill-country:
DRAThese are the names of the men, whom Moses sent to view the land: and he called Osee the son of Nun, Josue.
YLTAnd Moses sendeth them to spy the land of Canaan, and saith unto them, 'Go ye up this [way] into the south, and ye have gone up the mountain,
DrbyAnd Moses sent them to search out the land of Canaan, and said to them, Go up this way by the south and go up into the hill-country,
RVAnd Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way by the South, and go up into the mountains:
WbstrAnd Moses sent them to explore the land of Canaan, and said to them, Go ye up this way southward, and ascend the mountain:
KJB-1769¶ And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain:
KJB-1611¶ And Moses sent them to spie out the land of Canaan, and said vnto them, Get you by this way Southward, and goe vp into the mountaine: (¶ And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you by this way Southward, and go up into the mountain:)
BshpsAnd Moyses sent them foorth to spie out the lande of Chanaan, and said vnto them: Get you vp this way southward, that ye may go vp into the hie countrey, (And Moses sent them forth to spy out the land of Chanaan, and said unto them: Get you up this way southward, that ye/you_all may go up into the high country,)
GnvaThese are the names of the men, which Moses sent to spie out the lande: and Moses called ye name of Oshea the sonne of Nun, Iehoshua. (These are the names of the men, which Moses sent to spy out the land: and Moses called ye/you_all name of Oshea the son of Nun, Yehoshua. )
CvdlNow whan Moses sent the forth to spye out the lande of Canaan, he sayde vnto the: Go vp southwarde, and get you vp to the mountaynes, (Now when Moses sent the forth to spye out the land of Canaan, he said unto them: Go up southward, and get you up to the mountains,)
WyclThese ben the names of men, which Moises sente to biholde the lond of Canaan; and he clepide Osee, the sone of Nun, Josue. (These been the names of men, which Moses sent to behold the land of Canaan; and he called Osee, the son of Nun, Yosue.)
LuthDa sie nun Mose sandte, das Land Kanaan zu erkunden, sprach er zu ihnen: Ziehet hinauf an den Mittag und gehet auf das Gebirge; (So they/she/them now Mose sandte, the Land Kanaan to erkunden, spoke he to to_them: Ziehet up at the Mittag and gehet on the Gebirge;)
ClVgHæc sunt nomina virorum, quos misit Moyses ad considerandam terram: vocavitque Osee filium Nun, Josue. (This are nomina of_men, which he_sent Moyses to considerandam the_earth/land: he_calledque Osee son Nun, Yosue. )
13:17-20 The military purpose of the scouting mission is evident; the spies were also to gather information about natural resources and food, which had been on the Israelites’ minds since they left Egypt (ch 11; Exod 16).
After the Israelites received the law on Mount Sinai, which may have been located at Khashm et-Tarif (see also “The Route of the Exodus”), they traveled to Kadesh-barnea, a distance that took eleven days “by the way of Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2). The phrase “by the way of Mount Seir” suggests that more than one route existed between Mount Sinai and Kadesh, as shown here, but the road the Israelites took probably ran alongside the mountainous region of Seir. This route would have offered greater access to water from wells, natural springs, and seasonal streams flowing from the hills of Seir–a critical necessity for a large group traveling through this very arid region. Nearly every location identified on this map was essentially a small community centered around one of these life-enabling sources of water. After reaching Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, the Israelites prepared to enter Canaan by sending spies to scout out the land. But when ten of the twelve spies brought back news about the strength of the Canaanites, the people became afraid to enter the land, so the Lord punished them by condemning them to travel in the wilderness for forty years until that generation died off. Some Israelites repented and tried to enter the land, but they were beaten back to Hormah by the Amalekites and Canaanites. So for forty years the Israelites traveled from place to place, probably in the general area of Kadesh-barnea, though very few locations mentioned are able to be established with much certainty. As the forty years of traveling drew to a close, the Israelites prepared again to travel to Canaan by requesting permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land. When the king refused, the Israelites “turned away” from the Edomites and set out from Kadesh to travel to Mount Hor. The Jewish historian Josephus located Mount Hor at Jebel Nebi Harun, a very tall mountain in eastern Edom, but this has been rejected by many scholars in favor of other sites such as Jebel Madeira to the northeast of Kadesh. This author is convinced, however, that any candidate for Mount Hor must be sought to the south of Kadesh-barnea. Numbers 33:30 and Deuteronomy 10:6 mention that, during their wilderness travels, the Israelites camped at Moseroth/Moserah, which was apparently located at Mount Hor, since both Moseroth/Moserah and Mount Hor are cited as the place where Aaron died (Numbers 21:29-29; 33:37-39; Deuteronomy 10:6-9). It is difficult to envision the Israelites traveling back to the edge of Canaan after suffering defeat there the last time they attempted to enter the land. These same passages also note that after their stay at Moseroth/Moserah the Israelites traveled to Hor-haggidgad/Gudgodah (probably located along the Wadi Khadakhid) and then to Jotbathah, with no mention of passing through Kadesh, which they would have had to do if Mount Hor was north of Kadesh (since they were avoiding the land of Edom). Also, in Deuteronomy 2:1 Moses says that after the Israelites left Kadesh, “we journeyed back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea, as the Lord had told me and skirted Mount Seir for many days,” and Aaron’s death on Mount Hor fits best during this time. Similarly, Numbers 21:4 says “from Mount Hor they set out by the way to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom,” but there would have been no way to the Red Sea around the land of Edom if Mount Hor were located northeast of Kadesh. One element of the wilderness narratives that appears to favor a northeast location for Mount Hor, however, is the story of the king of Arad, which the book of Numbers (chapters 21 and 33) places immediately after the death of Aaron on Mount Hor. At first glance, the narrative seems to imply that the king attacked the Israelites at Mount Hor, which fits better with a northern location. Yet, it is also possible that the story is simply noting that it was after the Israelites’ arrival at Mount Hor that the king of Arad first learned of the Israelites’ renewed intentions to enter Canaan, perhaps as a result of their request to pass through Edom. But it may have been later that the king of Arad actually engaged them in battle, perhaps as they were passing north of Zalmonah and appeared to be ready to enter Canaan by way of Arad (see Numbers 33:41-42 and the map “The Journey to Abel-shittim”). For these reasons, this author believes that Har Karkom is the best candidate for the location of Mount Hor. The site is appropriately located at the edge of Seir and along the way to the Red Sea. This site’s role as an ancient cultic center is also well established. Perhaps Aaron’s priestly duties and authority in Israel had grown out of a similar role he had previously held at Mount Hor (see also Numbers 12:1-2; Deuteronomy 33:2; Judges 5:4-5), where he was eventually buried.
