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Key: khaki:verbs.
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BrLXXΚαὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ Χανανεὶς βασιλεὺς Ἀρὰδ ὁ κατοικῶν κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον, ὅτι ἦλθεν Ἰσραὴλ ὁδὸν Ἀθαρεὶν, καὶ ἐπολέμησε πρὸς Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ κατεπροενόμευσεν ἐξ αὐτῶν αἰχμαλωσίαν. (Kai aʸkousen ho Ⱪananeis basileus Arad ho katoikōn kata taʸn eraʸmon, hoti aʸlthen Israaʸl hodon Atharein, kai epolemaʸse pros Israaʸl, kai kateproenomeusen ex autōn aiⱪmalōsian. )
BrTrAnd Arad the Chananitish king who dwelt by the wilderness, heard that Israel came by the way of Atharin; and he made war on Israel, and carried off [fn]some of them captives.
ULTAnd the Canaanite king of Arad, who dwelled in the Negev, heard that Israel had come by the road of the Atharim, and he fought against Israel and took captive some of them as captives.
USTThe king of the city of Arad lived in the area where the Canaanites lived, in the southern Judean wilderness. He heard a report that the Israelites were approaching on the road to Atharim village. So his army attacked the Israelites and captured some of them.
BSB § When the Canaanite king of Arad, who lived in the Negev, heard that Israel was coming along the road to Atharim, he attacked Israel and captured some prisoners.
WEBBEThe Canaanite, the king of Arad, who lived in the South, heard that Israel came by the way of Atharim. He fought against Israel, and took some of them captive.
NETWhen the Canaanite king of Arad who lived in the Negev heard that Israel was approaching along the road to Atharim, he fought against Israel and took some of them prisoner.
LSVAnd the Canaanite, king of Arad, dwelling in the south, hears that Israel has come the way of the Atharim, and he fights against Israel, and takes [some] of them captive.
FBVThe Canaanite king of Arad who lived in the Negev learned that the Israelites were approaching on the road to Atharim. He went and attacked Israel and took some of them prisoners.
T4TThe king of Arad city lived in the area where the Canaan people-group lived, in the desert in the southern part of the land. He heard a report that the Israelis were approaching on the road to Atharim village. So his army attacked the Israelis and captured some of them.
LEBThe Canaanite king of Arad, who was dwelling in the Negev,[fn] heard that Israel came along the way of Atharim; he fought against Israel and took some of them captive.
BBEAnd it came to the ears of the Canaanite, the king of Arad, living in the South, that Israel was coming by the way of Atharim, and he came out against them and took some of them prisoners.
JPSAnd the Canaanite, the king of Arad, who dwelt in the South, heard tell that Israel came by the way of Atharim; and he fought against Israel, and took some of them captive.
ASVAnd the Canaanite, the king of Arad, who dwelt in the South, heard tell that Israel came by the way of Atharim; and he fought against Israel, and took some of them captive.
DRAAnd when king Arad the Chanaanite, who dwelt towards the south, had heard this, to wit, that Israel was come by the way of the spies, he fought against them, and overcoming them carried off their spoils.
YLTAnd the Canaanite — king Arad — dwelling in the south, heareth that Israel hath come the way of the Atharim, and he fighteth against Israel, and taketh [some] of them captive.
DrbyAnd the Canaanite king of Arad, who dwelt in the south, heard that Israel came by the way of Atharim, and he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.
RVAnd the Canaanite, the king of Arad, which dwelt in the South, heard tell that Israel came by the way of Atharim; and he fought against Israel, and took some of them captive.
WbstrAnd when king Arad the Canaanite, who dwelt in the south, heard that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.
KJB-1769And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.
KJB-1611¶ [fn]And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the South, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies, then hee fought against Israel, and tooke some of them prisoners. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation and footnotes)
BshpsAnd when kyng Arad the Chananite which dwelt towarde the south, hearde tell that Israel came by the way that the spyes had founde out, he fought agaynst Israel, and toke some of them prisoners. (And when king Arad the Chananite which dwelt towarde the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way that the spyes had found out, he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.)
GnvaWhen King Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt toward the South, heard tel that Israel came by the way of the spies, then fought hee against Israel, and tooke of them prysoners. (When King Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt toward the South, heard tel that Israel came by the way of the spies, then fought he against Israel, and took of them prysoners. )
CvdlAnd whan Arad the kynge of the Cananites (which dwelt towarde the south) herde, that Israel came in by ye waie yt the spyes had founde out, he fought agaynst Israel, and toke some of them presoners. (And when Arad the king of the Canaanites (which dwelt towarde the south) heard, that Israel came in by ye/you_all waie it the spyes had found out, he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners.)
WyclAnd whanne Chananei, the kyng of Arad, that dwellide at the south, hadde herd this, that is, that Israel cam bi the weye of aspieris, he fauyt ayens hem; and Chananei was ouercomere and ledde pray of Israel. (And when Chananei, the king of Arad, that dwelled/dwelt at the south, had heard this, that is, that Israel came by the way of aspieris, he fought against hem; and Chananei was overcomere and led pray of Israel.)
LuthUnd da der Kanaaniter, der König Arad, der gegen Mittag wohnete, hörete, daß Israel hereinkommt durch den Weg der Kundschafter, stritt er wider Israel und führete etliche gefangen. (And there the/of_the Kanaaniter, the/of_the king Arad, the/of_the gegen Mittag lived, heard, that Israel hereinkommt through the path the/of_the Kundschafter, argued/fought he against Israel and führete several gefangen.)
ClVgQuod cum audisset Chananæus rex Arad, qui habitabat ad meridiem, venisse scilicet Israël per exploratorum viam, pugnavit contra illum, et victor existens, duxit ex eo prædam.[fn] (That when/with audisset Chananæus king Arad, who he_lived to meridiem, venisse scilicet Israel through exploratorum viam, pugnavit on_the_contrary him, and victor existens, duxit from eo prædam. )
21.1Quod cum audisset. Audivit Chananæus quod venisset Isræl in locum exploratorum, ubi quondam offendit populus, inivit prælium, et captivum duxit Isræl. Rursumque in eodem loco pugnatur, ex voto victor vincitur, victi superant. In quo intelligitur, ut cum nos Dei auxilio destitutos invaserint hostes et captivaverint, non desperemus: potest enim fieri ut vincamus ubi victi sumus.
21.1That when/with audisset. Audivit Chananæus that venisset Isræl in place exploratorum, where quondam offendit populus, inivit battle, and captivum duxit Isræl. Rursumque in eodem instead pugnatur, from voto victor vincitur, victi superant. In quo intelligitur, as when/with we of_God auxilio destitutos invaserint hostes and captivaverint, not/no desperemus: potest because to_be_done as vincamus where victi sumus.
21:1–22:1 In the march toward the Promised Land, Israel moved from Mount Hor to the plains of Moab (22:1). The account of Israel’s march is punctuated by the book’s emphasis on the Lord’s patient plan to lead Israel into Canaan despite their frailties. • Although the general direction of travel is clear, the exact route taken by the Hebrews remains unknown. Many of the places are hard to identify, and the archaeological evidence from some sites does not fit the time frame usually associated with the wilderness period. An honest appraisal of the wilderness itinerary is still beset by significant geographical and historical uncertainties.
21:1 It is possible that the Canaanite king of Arad was provoked by many enemies to the south of his territory (cp. 14:44-45). • Arad and Hormah (21:3) were far to the north of Mount Hor (20:22-29; 21:4; see study note on 20:22-23). Ancient Arad is usually identified with Tell Arad, located west of the modern Israeli town of Arad and about fifty miles north of Kadesh. While excavation at Tell Arad has revealed important ruins from the Early Bronze Age (about 3300–2000 BC) and the Iron Age (about 1200–500 BC), there is no evidence of occupation during Israel’s exodus and wilderness period (the Late Bronze Age, 1500–1200 BC). Some solutions link ancient Arad with another archaeological site in the region. Others claim that all such stories come from a much later period and that there is no reason to expect a correlation between excavated data and literary traditions. Another set of solutions recognizes that the evidence is fragmentary, insufficient to settle scholarly debate or to reach a definitive conclusion. The same general kinds of problems with geographical and archaeological details are found in other parts of the Old Testament, and the solutions are often uncertain. • Atharim is otherwise unknown.
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened the=Kenaani king ˊArād was_sitting the,Negev that/for/because/then/when he/it_came Yisrael road/way_of the,Atharim and,fought in/on/at/with,Israel and,captured from=him/it prisoners )
Here “he fought” means that his army fought. Alternate translation: “his army fought against Israel”
After the Israelites received the law on Mount Sinai, which may have been located at Khashm et-Tarif (see also “The Route of the Exodus”), they traveled to Kadesh-barnea, a distance that took eleven days “by the way of Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2). The phrase “by the way of Mount Seir” suggests that more than one route existed between Mount Sinai and Kadesh, as shown here, but the road the Israelites took probably ran alongside the mountainous region of Seir. This route would have offered greater access to water from wells, natural springs, and seasonal streams flowing from the hills of Seir–a critical necessity for a large group traveling through this very arid region. Nearly every location identified on this map was essentially a small community centered around one of these life-enabling sources of water. After reaching Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, the Israelites prepared to enter Canaan by sending spies to scout out the land. But when ten of the twelve spies brought back news about the strength of the Canaanites, the people became afraid to enter the land, so the Lord punished them by condemning them to travel in the wilderness for forty years until that generation died off. Some Israelites repented and tried to enter the land, but they were beaten back to Hormah by the Amalekites and Canaanites. So for forty years the Israelites traveled from place to place, probably in the general area of Kadesh-barnea, though very few locations mentioned are able to be established with much certainty. As the forty years of traveling drew to a close, the Israelites prepared again to travel to Canaan by requesting permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land. When the king refused, the Israelites “turned away” from the Edomites and set out from Kadesh to travel to Mount Hor. The Jewish historian Josephus located Mount Hor at Jebel Nebi Harun, a very tall mountain in eastern Edom, but this has been rejected by many scholars in favor of other sites such as Jebel Madeira to the northeast of Kadesh. This author is convinced, however, that any candidate for Mount Hor must be sought to the south of Kadesh-barnea. Numbers 33:30 and Deuteronomy 10:6 mention that, during their wilderness travels, the Israelites camped at Moseroth/Moserah, which was apparently located at Mount Hor, since both Moseroth/Moserah and Mount Hor are cited as the place where Aaron died (Numbers 21:29-29; 33:37-39; Deuteronomy 10:6-9). It is difficult to envision the Israelites traveling back to the edge of Canaan after suffering defeat there the last time they attempted to enter the land. These same passages also note that after their stay at Moseroth/Moserah the Israelites traveled to Hor-haggidgad/Gudgodah (probably located along the Wadi Khadakhid) and then to Jotbathah, with no mention of passing through Kadesh, which they would have had to do if Mount Hor was north of Kadesh (since they were avoiding the land of Edom). Also, in Deuteronomy 2:1 Moses says that after the Israelites left Kadesh, “we journeyed back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea, as the Lord had told me and skirted Mount Seir for many days,” and Aaron’s death on Mount Hor fits best during this time. Similarly, Numbers 21:4 says “from Mount Hor they set out by the way to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom,” but there would have been no way to the Red Sea around the land of Edom if Mount Hor were located northeast of Kadesh. One element of the wilderness narratives that appears to favor a northeast location for Mount Hor, however, is the story of the king of Arad, which the book of Numbers (chapters 21 and 33) places immediately after the death of Aaron on Mount Hor. At first glance, the narrative seems to imply that the king attacked the Israelites at Mount Hor, which fits better with a northern location. Yet, it is also possible that the story is simply noting that it was after the Israelites’ arrival at Mount Hor that the king of Arad first learned of the Israelites’ renewed intentions to enter Canaan, perhaps as a result of their request to pass through Edom. But it may have been later that the king of Arad actually engaged them in battle, perhaps as they were passing north of Zalmonah and appeared to be ready to enter Canaan by way of Arad (see Numbers 33:41-42 and the map “The Journey to Abel-shittim”). For these reasons, this author believes that Har Karkom is the best candidate for the location of Mount Hor. The site is appropriately located at the edge of Seir and along the way to the Red Sea. This site’s role as an ancient cultic center is also well established. Perhaps Aaron’s priestly duties and authority in Israel had grown out of a similar role he had previously held at Mount Hor (see also Numbers 12:1-2; Deuteronomy 33:2; Judges 5:4-5), where he was eventually buried.
