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Num Intro C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36
Num 21 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33 V34 V35
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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET-LV From_there they_set_out and_camped on_other_side of_ʼArnōn which in/on/at/with_wilderness the_extends from_border[fn] the_Emori if/because ʼArnōn [is]_the_border of_Mōʼāⱱ between Mōʼāⱱ and_between the_Emori.
21:13 Note: BHS has been faithful to the Leningrad Codex where there might be a question of the validity of the form and we keep the same form as BHS.
UHB מִשָּׁם֮ נָסָעוּ֒ וַֽיַּחֲנ֗וּ מֵעֵ֤בֶר אַרְנוֹן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר הַיֹּצֵ֖א מִגְּב֣וּל הָֽאֱמֹרִ֑י כִּ֤י אַרְנוֹן֙ גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב בֵּ֥ין מוֹאָ֖ב וּבֵ֥ין הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ ‡
(mishshām nāşāˊū vayyaḩₐnū mēˊēⱱer ʼarnōn ʼₐsher bammidbār hayyoʦēʼ miggəⱱūl hāʼₑmoriy kiy ʼarnōn gəⱱūl mōʼāⱱ bēyn mōʼāⱱ ūⱱēyn hāʼₑmoriy.)
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXX Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπάραντες παρενέβαλον εἰς τὸ πέραν Ἀρνῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τὸ ἐξέχον ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων τῶν Ἀμοῤῥαίων· ἔστι γὰρ Ἀρνῶν ὅρια Μωὰβ, ἀναμέσον Μωὰβ καὶ ἀναμέσον τοῦ Ἀμοῤῥαίου.
(Kai ekeithen aparantes parenebalon eis to peran Arnōn en taʸ eraʸmōi, to exeⱪon apo tōn horiōn tōn Amoɽɽaiōn; esti gar Arnōn horia Mōab, anameson Mōab kai anameson tou Amoɽɽaiou. )
BrTr And they departed thence and encamped on the other side of Arnon in the wilderness, the country which extends from the coasts of the [fn]Amorites; for Arnon is the borders of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
21:13 Gr. Amorite.
ULT From there they set out and camped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that goes out from the border of the Amorite, because the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorite.
UST Then they traveled to the north side of the Arnon River. That area is in the wilderness next to the land where the Amorites live. The Arnon River is the boundary between Moab and where the Amorites live.
BSB From there they moved on and camped on the other side of the Arnon, in the wilderness that extends into the Amorite territory.
§ Now the Arnon is the border between the Moabites and the Amorites.
OEB No OEB NUM book available
WEBBE From there they travelled, and encamped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that comes out of the border of the Amorites; for the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
WMBB (Same as above)
NET From there they moved on and camped on the other side of the Arnon, in the wilderness that extends from the regions of the Amorites, for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
LSV From there they have journeyed and encamp beyond Arnon, which [is] in the wilderness which is coming out of the border of the Amorite, for Arnon [is] the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorite;
FBV Then they moved on from there and camped on the far side of the Arnon River, in the desert near Amorite territory. The Arnon River is the border between the Moab and the Amorites.
T4T Then they traveled to the north side of the Arnon River. That area is in the desert next to the land where the Amor people-group lived. The Arnon River is the boundary between Moab and where the Amor people-group lived.
LEB From there they set out and encamped beyond Arnon, which is in the desert that goes out from the boundary of the Amorites,[fn] because Arnon is the boundary of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.[fn]
21:13 Hebrew “Amorite”
BBE From there they went on and put up their tents on the other side of the Arnon, which is on the waste land at the edge of the land of the Amorites; for the Arnon is the line of division between Moab and the Amorites:
Moff No Moff NUM book available
JPS From thence they journeyed, and pitched on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness, that cometh out of the border of the Amorites. — For Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites;
ASV From thence they journeyed, and encamped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness, that cometh out of the border of the Amorites: for the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
DRA Which they left and encamped over against Arnon, which is in the desert and standeth out on the borders of the Amorrhite. For Arnon is the border of Moab, dividing the Moabites and the Amorrhites.
YLT From thence they have journeyed, and encamp beyond Arnon, which [is] in the wilderness which is coming out of the border of the Amorite, for Arnon [is] the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorite;
Drby From thence they removed, and encamped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that comes out of the border of the Amorites. For the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
RV From thence they journeyed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness, that cometh out of the border of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
Wbstr From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
KJB-1769 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
(From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh/comes out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. )
KJB-1611 From thence they remooued, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wildernesse that commeth out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, betweene Moab and the Amorites.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above)
Bshps And they departed thence, and pitched on the other syde of Arnon, which is in the wildernesse, and commeth out of the coastes of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, betweene Moab and the Amorites.
(And they departed thence, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness, and cometh/comes out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.)
Gnva Thence they departed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wildernesse, and commeth out of the coasts of the Amorites: (for Arnon is the border of Moab, betweene the Moabites and the Amorites)
(Thence they departed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness, and cometh/comes out of the coasts of the Amorites: (for Arnon is the border of Moab, between the Moabites and the Amorites) )
Cvdl From thence departed they, and pitched on this syde Arnon, which is in the wyldernesse, and commeth out of the coastes of the Amorites. For Arnon is the border betwixte Moab and ye Amorites.
(From thence departed they, and pitched on this side Arnon, which is in the wilderness, and cometh/comes out of the coasts of the Amorites. For Arnon is the border betwixte Moab and ye/you_all Amorites.)
Wycl which thei leften, and settiden tentis ayens Arnon, which is in the deseert, and apperith in the coostis of Amorrei. Forsothe Arnon is the terme of Moab, and departith Moabitis and Ammoreis.
(which they left, and settiden tents against Arnon, which is in the deseert, and apperith in the coasts of Amorrei. Forsothe Arnon is the terme of Moab, and departith Moabitis and Ammoreis.)
Luth Von dannen zogen sie und lagerten sich diesseit am Arnon, welcher ist in der Wüste und herausreicht von der Grenze der Amoriter. Denn Arnon ist die Grenze Moabs zwischen Moab und den Amoritern.
(Von dannen pulled they/she/them and stored itself/yourself/themselves diesseit in/at/on_the Arnon, which is in the/of_the desert and herausreicht from the/of_the Grenze the/of_the Amoriter. Because Arnon is the Grenze Moabs between Moab and the Amoritern.)
ClVg Quem relinquentes castrametati sunt contra Arnon, quæ est in deserto, et prominet in finibus Amorrhæi. Siquidem Arnon terminus est Moab, dividens Moabitas et Amorrhæos.
(Quem relinquentes castrametati are on_the_contrary Arnon, which it_is in deserto, and prominet in borders Amorrhæi. Siquidem Arnon terminus it_is Moab, dividens Moabitas and Amorrhæos. )
21:13 The Israelites traveled to the east of the Moabite territory that lay between the Zered Brook on the south and the Arnon River on the north. The far side of the Arnon River was probably north and east of the main east–west canyon of the Arnon; this “Grand Canyon” was an effective natural boundary line between Moab and the territory of the Amorites north of the Arnon (see 21:26).
• The Amorites were a group of nomadic peoples who had conquered areas from Mesopotamia to Canaan in the Middle Bronze Age (about 2000–1500 BC), including Babylon (around 1830 BC) and Assur (around 1750 BC). Amorites living in the hill country of Canaan had terrified Israel’s spies (Deut 1:26-28) and had then repelled Israel’s misguided attempt to enter Canaan (Num 14:44-45; see Deut 1:42-44). At the time of Israel’s arrival, Amorites had gained control of much of Transjordan (the area east of the Jordan); see study note on Num 21:26.
(Occurrence 0) forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites
(Some words not found in UHB: from=there set_out and,camped on,other_side ʼArnōn which/who in/on/at/with,wilderness the,extends from,border the=Emori that/for/because/then/when ʼArnōn border Mōʼāⱱ between Mōʼāⱱ and=between the=Emori )
This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river, which was a boundary between them. The Moabite people lived south of the river and the Amorites lived on the north.
Numbers 13-14; 20-21; 33; Deuteronomy 1-2; 10:6-9
After the Israelites received the law on Mount Sinai, which may have been located at Khashm et-Tarif (see also “The Route of the Exodus”), they traveled to Kadesh-barnea, a distance that took eleven days “by the way of Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2). The phrase “by the way of Mount Seir” suggests that more than one route existed between Mount Sinai and Kadesh, as shown here, but the road the Israelites took probably ran alongside the mountainous region of Seir. This route would have offered greater access to water from wells, natural springs, and seasonal streams flowing from the hills of Seir–a critical necessity for a large group traveling through this very arid region. Nearly every location identified on this map was essentially a small community centered around one of these life-enabling sources of water. After reaching Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, the Israelites prepared to enter Canaan by sending spies to scout out the land. But when ten of the twelve spies brought back news about the strength of the Canaanites, the people became afraid to enter the land, so the Lord punished them by condemning them to travel in the wilderness for forty years until that generation died off. Some Israelites repented and tried to enter the land, but they were beaten back to Hormah by the Amalekites and Canaanites. So for forty years the Israelites traveled from place to place, probably in the general area of Kadesh-barnea, though very few locations mentioned are able to be established with much certainty. As the forty years of traveling drew to a close, the Israelites prepared again to travel to Canaan by requesting permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land. When the king refused, the Israelites “turned away” from the Edomites and set out from Kadesh to travel to Mount Hor. The Jewish historian Josephus located Mount Hor at Jebel Nebi Harun, a very tall mountain in eastern Edom, but this has been rejected by many scholars in favor of other sites such as Jebel Madeira to the northeast of Kadesh. This author is convinced, however, that any candidate for Mount Hor must be sought to the south of Kadesh-barnea. Numbers 33:30 and Deuteronomy 10:6 mention that, during their wilderness travels, the Israelites camped at Moseroth/Moserah, which was apparently located at Mount Hor, since both Moseroth/Moserah and Mount Hor are cited as the place where Aaron died (Numbers 21:29-29; 33:37-39; Deuteronomy 10:6-9). It is difficult to envision the Israelites traveling back to the edge of Canaan after suffering defeat there the last time they attempted to enter the land. These same passages also note that after their stay at Moseroth/Moserah the Israelites traveled to Hor-haggidgad/Gudgodah (probably located along the Wadi Khadakhid) and then to Jotbathah, with no mention of passing through Kadesh, which they would have had to do if Mount Hor was north of Kadesh (since they were avoiding the land of Edom). Also, in Deuteronomy 2:1 Moses says that after the Israelites left Kadesh, “we journeyed back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea, as the Lord had told me and skirted Mount Seir for many days,” and Aaron’s death on Mount Hor fits best during this time. Similarly, Numbers 21:4 says “from Mount Hor they set out by the way to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom,” but there would have been no way to the Red Sea around the land of Edom if Mount Hor were located northeast of Kadesh. One element of the wilderness narratives that appears to favor a northeast location for Mount Hor, however, is the story of the king of Arad, which the book of Numbers (chapters 21 and 33) places immediately after the death of Aaron on Mount Hor. At first glance, the narrative seems to imply that the king attacked the Israelites at Mount Hor, which fits better with a northern location. Yet, it is also possible that the story is simply noting that it was after the Israelites’ arrival at Mount Hor that the king of Arad first learned of the Israelites’ renewed intentions to enter Canaan, perhaps as a result of their request to pass through Edom. But it may have been later that the king of Arad actually engaged them in battle, perhaps as they were passing north of Zalmonah and appeared to be ready to enter Canaan by way of Arad (see Numbers 33:41-42 and the map “The Journey to Abel-shittim”). For these reasons, this author believes that Har Karkom is the best candidate for the location of Mount Hor. The site is appropriately located at the edge of Seir and along the way to the Red Sea. This site’s role as an ancient cultic center is also well established. Perhaps Aaron’s priestly duties and authority in Israel had grown out of a similar role he had previously held at Mount Hor (see also Numbers 12:1-2; Deuteronomy 33:2; Judges 5:4-5), where he was eventually buried.