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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
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Jos 11 V1 V2 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23
OET (OET-LV) The_Kənaˊₐnī/(Canaanite)[s] from_the_east and_from_the_west and_the_ʼAmorī[s] and_the_Ḩittiy[s] and_the_Pərizzī[s] and_the_Yəⱱūşī/(Jebusite)[s] in_country and_the_Ḩiūī[s] under Ḩermōn in_land of_(the)_Miʦpāh.
OET (OET-RV) and the kings of the Canaanites both east and west, and the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and the Yebusites who lived in the hill country, and to the Hivites by Mt. Hermon in the Mitspah region.
King Jabin, the king of Hazor, brought together the kings of the towns in Northern Canaan to fight against Israel. With the help of Yahweh, Joshua and the Israelites fought and defeated all these towns and killed their kings and their people.
Here is another possible section heading:
Israel defeated the northern towns
to the Canaanites in the east and west;
and to the Canaanite kings east and west of the Jordan River,
He sent them to the Canaanites on both sides of the Jordan River.
to the Canaanites: The Canaanites were one of the groups of people who lived in the land of Canaan. It may be more natural to include some implicit information at the beginning of verse 3. For example, you could say:
King Jabin also sent messengers to the kings of the Canaan people
in the east and west: The phrase in the east and west indicates the east and west sides of the Jordan River.
Here is another way to translate this phrase:
to the Canaanite people on the east and west sides of the Jordan River
to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country;
and to the kings of Amor, Heth, Periz, and Jebus in the hill country,
He sent them to the kings of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, and the Jebusites in the mountains.
to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites: These are groups of people who lived in the land of Canaan along with the Canaanites. Yahweh told the Israelites to destroy all these nations with his help (see Deuteronomy 20:16–18). These groups of people were mentioned in Joshua 3:10. You should translate the names the same way you did there.
in the hill country: The phrase hill country indicates the mountainous region that is between the coastal plain and the Jordan River valley. This is the same phrase used in 9:1 and you should translate it the same way in both places.
and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon in the land of Mizpah.
and to the king of the Hiv people in the region of Mizpah, near the foot of Mount Hermon.
And he sent them to the Hivites, who lived at the foot of Hermon Mountain in the Mizpah Valley.
and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon: The Hivites were a group of people who lived in the Mizpah Valley south of Mount Hermon. Hermon Mountain is a tall mountain in northeastern Israel. It is 43 kilometers southwest of Damascus and 2,814 meters high. It is the tallest mountain in Israel.11:3 Rasmussen, p. 238.
at the foot of Hermon: The Hivites lived near the foot of Hermon Mountain. Hermon Mountain is covered with snow most of the year. It was the dominant feature of the landscape above the Hivite people.
Here is another way to translate this phrase:
the Hivite kings in the region of Mizpah, near the foot of Mount Hermon (CEV)
in the land of Mizpah: The term Mizpah refers to a valley at the foot of Hermon Mountain. There are several towns mentioned in the Bible that are named Mizpah, but they are in other places. The Mizpah mentioned here is only mentioned again in Joshua 11:8.11:3 Rasmussen, p. 245.
These verses contain a list of the names of towns and their kings to whom King Jabin of Hazor sent messengers. He asked them to help him fight the Israelites. In some languages it may be helpful to state this information at the beginning of 11:1. For example:
When King Jabin of Hazor heard the news of the Israelites’ victories, he sent messengers to the towns of Northern Canaan and their kings asking for their help to fight the Israelites. He sent to King Jobab of Madon…11:3 Bratcher and Newman, p. 158.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
מִמִּזְרָ֣ח וּמִיָּ֔ם
from_[the],east and,from_[the],west
The author is using the terms sunrise and sea by association to mean the eastern and western directions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [from the east and from the west]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / merism
מִמִּזְרָ֣ח וּמִיָּ֔ם
from_[the],east and,from_[the],west
The author is speaking of two extremes in order to mean them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [throughout the whole land]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ & וְהָאֱמֹרִ֧י וְהַחִתִּ֛י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י & וְהַֽחִוִּי֙
the,Canaanite[s] & and,the,Amorite[s] and,the,Hittite[s] and,the,Perizzite[s] and,the,Jebusite[s] & and,the,Hivite[s]
The author is not referring to specific individuals from these people groups. He means these peoples in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: [the Canaanites … and the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites … and the Hivites]
11:1-16 Through the more detailed accounts of Joshua’s campaign in southern Canaan (chs 6-10), the narrator established firmly that the Israelites needed God’s help to succeed. Because what had been true in the southern campaign would also be true in the northern campaign (ch 11), those details were unnecessary here.
OET (OET-LV) The_Kənaˊₐnī/(Canaanite)[s] from_the_east and_from_the_west and_the_ʼAmorī[s] and_the_Ḩittiy[s] and_the_Pərizzī[s] and_the_Yəⱱūşī/(Jebusite)[s] in_country and_the_Ḩiūī[s] under Ḩermōn in_land of_(the)_Miʦpāh.
OET (OET-RV) and the kings of the Canaanites both east and west, and the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and the Yebusites who lived in the hill country, and to the Hivites by Mt. Hermon in the Mitspah region.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.
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