ROM 9:18 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. ἄρα
2. ara
3. consequently
4. -
5. 6860
6. C·······
7. consequently
8. consequently
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109404
1. Οὖν
2. oun
3. Therefore
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. S
10. Y60
11. 109405
1. ὅν
2. hos
3. to whom
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····AMS
7. ˱to˲ whom
8. ˱to˲ whom
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109406
1. θέλει
2. thelō
3. he is wanting
4. -
5. 23090
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109407
1. ἐλεεῖ
2. eleeō
3. -
4. -
5. 16530
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
9. -
10. -
11. 109408
1. ὅν
2. hos
3. -
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····AMS
7. whom
8. whom
9. -
10. -
11. 109409
1. δέ
2. de
3. -
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. -
11. 109410
1. θέλει
2. thelō
3. -
4. -
5. 23090
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
9. -
10. -
11. 109411
1. ἐλεεῖ
2. eleeō
3. he is showing mercy
4. -
5. 16530
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109412
1. ὅν
2. hos
3. whom
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····AMS
7. whom
8. whom
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109413
1. δέ
2. de
3. but
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109414
1. θέλει
2. thelō
3. he is wanting
4. -
5. 23090
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109415
1. σκληρύνει
2. sklērunō
3. he is hardening
4. hardens
5. 46450
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ hardening
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ hardening
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109416

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:14–29: God always does what is right

In this section, Paul began by asking if God acts unjustly when he chooses some people and not others. Paul answered his own question with a strong “No!” All God’s choices depend on his mercy and not on anything about the people he chooses. God made Pharaoh the way he was when he wanted the Jews to leave Egypt.

Paul spoke to a possible complaint about no one ultimately being able to resist God’s will. He said that complaining to God about that is futile.

God shows his anger and power against people he has hardened. He does this to show how great his mercy is to other people. Both Jews and Gentiles are eligible to receive his mercy.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God’s choices/will are/is sovereign/supreme

God chooses whom he wants for both Jews and Gentiles

9:18a

Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy,

Therefore, he has mercy on whoever he chooses to have mercy on,
So, if he/God chooses to be merciful to someone, he will be merciful to him/them.

Therefore: These words introduce what Paul concluded from what he said in 9:17. For example:

So then, (ESV)

God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy: Here the word wants refers to God choosing someone. This clause says that God chooses those to whom he will have mercy. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

he has mercy on whomever he wills (ESV)

he has mercy on whomever he chooses (NRSV)

9:18b

and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

and he makes stubborn whoever he chooses to make stubborn.
And if he chooses to make someone’s heart/thinking unchangeable to the truth, he will do that to him/them.

He hardens whom He wants to harden: Here the word wants refers to God choosing someone. This clause says that God chooses those whom he will make hard/stubborn.

hardens: Here this word refers to causing someone to be stubborn, especially against what is true. Here are other ways to translate this word:

makes stubborn (GNT)

harden the hearts…so they refuse to listen (NLT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

ἄρα οὖν

consequently (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἄρα Οὖν ὅν θέλει ἐλεεῖ ὅν δέ θέλει σκληρύνει)

So then indicates that what follows in this verse summarizes the ideas of [9:14–17](../09/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a clearer expression. See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md) and in [9:16](../09/16.md).

Note 2 topic: writing-pronouns

θέλει, ἐλεεῖ & θέλει, σκληρύνει

˱he˲_˓is˒_wanting ˱he˲_˓is˒_showing_mercy & ˱he˲_˓is˒_wanting ˱he˲_˓is˒_hardening

In this verse he refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [God has mercy … he wills … God wills … he hardens]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

ἐλεεῖ

˱he˲_˓is˒_showing_mercy

See how you translated mercy in [9:15](../09/15.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

σκληρύνει

˱he˲_˓is˒_hardening

Here, he hardens refers to causing someone to become stubborn. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [he causes to become stubborn]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Therefore
2. -
3. 37670
4. S
5. oun
6. C-·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. S
10. Y60
11. 109405
1. consequently
2. -
3. 6860
5. ara
6. C-·······
7. consequently
8. consequently
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109404
1. to whom
2. -
3. 37390
5. hos
6. R-····AMS
7. ˱to˲ whom
8. ˱to˲ whom
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109406
1. he is wanting
2. -
3. 23090
5. thelō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109407
1. he is showing mercy
2. -
3. 16530
5. eleeō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ showing_mercy
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109412
1. but
2. -
3. 11610
5. de
6. C-·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109414
1. whom
2. -
3. 37390
5. hos
6. R-····AMS
7. whom
8. whom
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109413
1. he is wanting
2. -
3. 23090
5. thelō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ wanting
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109415
1. he is hardening
2. hardens
3. 46450
5. sklērunō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ hardening
8. ˱he˲ ˓is˒ hardening
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109416

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 9:18

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 9:14–29: God always does what is right

9:18a

9:18b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)