ROM 9:29 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Καί
2. kai
3. And
4. and
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y60
11. 109603
1. καθώς
2. kathōs
3. as
4. -
5. 25310
6. C·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109604
1. προείρηκεν
2. prolegō
3. has previously said
4. previously
5. 43020
6. VIEA3··S
7. ˓has˒ previously_said
8. ˓has˒ previously_said
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109605
1. Ἠσαΐας
2. ēsaias
3. Aʸsaias
4. -
5. 22680
6. N····NMS
7. Aʸsaias/(Yəshaˊ\sup yāh\sup*)
8. Isaiah
9. U
10. Person=Isaiah; Y60
11. 109606
1. Εἰ
2. ei
3. Except
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. except
8. except
9. B
10. Y60
11. 109607
1. μή
2. mē
3. not/lest
4. -
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. ¬not/lest
8. ¬not/lest
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109608
1. Κύριος
2. kurios
3. +the master
4. Yahweh
5. 29620
6. N····NMS
7. ˓the˒ master
8. ˓the˒ Lord
9. GN
10. Y60
11. 109609
1. Σαβαώθ
2. sabaōth
3. of armies
4. -
5. 45190
6. N····GMP
7. ˱of˲ armies
8. ˱of˲ Sabaoth
9. U
10. Y60
11. 109610
1. ἐγκατέλιπεν
2. egkataleipō
3. abandoned
4. -
5. 14590
6. VIAA3··S
7. abandoned
8. abandoned
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109611
1. ἐγκατέλειπεν
2. egkataleipō
3. -
4. -
5. 14590
6. VIIA3··S
7. ˓was˒ abandoning
8. ˓was˒ abandoning
9. -
10. -
11. 109612
1. ἡμῖν
2. egō
3. to us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1D·P
7. ˱to˲ us
8. ˱to˲ us
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109613
1. σπέρμα
2. sperma
3. descendants
4. descendants
5. 46900
6. N····ANS
7. descendants
8. descendants
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109614
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. like
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109615
1. Σόδομα
2. sodoma
3. Sodoma/(Şədom)
4. Sodom
5. 46700
6. N····NNP
7. Sodoma/(Şədom)
8. Sodom
9. U
10. Location=Sodom; Y60
11. 109616
1. ἄν
2. an
3. would
4. -
5. 3020
6. T·······
7. would
8. would
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109617
1. ἐγενήθημεν
2. ginomai
3. we were become
4. become
5. 10960
6. VIAP1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ become
8. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ become
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109618
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109619
1. ὡς
2. hōs
3. like
4. -
5. 56130
6. C·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109620
1. Γόμορρα
2. gomorra
3. Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh)
4. (Gomorrah
5. 11160
6. N····NFS
7. Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh)
8. Gomorrah
9. U
10. Location=Gomorrah; Y60
11. 109621
1. ἄν
2. an
3. would
4. -
5. 3020
6. T·······
7. would
8. would
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109622
1. ὡμοιώθημεν
2. homoioō
3. we were likened
4. -
5. 36660
6. VIAP1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ likened
8. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ likened
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109623

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:14–29: God always does what is right

In this section, Paul began by asking if God acts unjustly when he chooses some people and not others. Paul answered his own question with a strong “No!” All God’s choices depend on his mercy and not on anything about the people he chooses. God made Pharaoh the way he was when he wanted the Jews to leave Egypt.

Paul spoke to a possible complaint about no one ultimately being able to resist God’s will. He said that complaining to God about that is futile.

God shows his anger and power against people he has hardened. He does this to show how great his mercy is to other people. Both Jews and Gentiles are eligible to receive his mercy.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God’s choices/will are/is sovereign/supreme

God chooses whom he wants for both Jews and Gentiles

9:29a–c

These words are an exact quote of an ancient Greek translation (about 200 BC) of the Hebrew in Isaiah 1:9. If you indicate the location of quotes from the Old Testament with cross-references, you may want to do so here.

9:29a

It is just as Isaiah foretold:

It is also like what Isaiah had said long before,
Isaiah also talked about this/that when he said long ago in Scripture:

The Greek of 9:29a begins with a word that is often translated as “and.” This verse supports 9:27b–c, like 9:28 supports it. So Paul used “and” here. In some language it may be more natural to omit this word and leave the connection to 9:28 implicit, as the BSB does.

Isaiah foretold: This clause introduces words from the Old Testament. In some languages such words are clearly shown to be from there. For example:

And as Isaiah foretold in God’s word

Isaiah: If you explained in your translation that Isaiah was a prophet in 9:27, you may not need to explain it again here. For example, the CEV does not add the words “the prophet” here.

foretold: This word indicates that Isaiah spoke about something that would happen later. The Greek tense indicates that Isaiah spoke before Paul’s time and that his words are still in effect. For example:

had said before (GNT)

9:29b–c

Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah: The Greek grammar indicates that God had left some Israelites alive after he punished them. The unless-clause asks what might have happened if he had not left some and then answers what might have been in that case. Some languages have a special grammar or word to indicate that. For example:

The Lord of only strength did not leave off with striking us had-that-happened, we became as Sodom and Gomora had-that-happenedA more literal rendering of the Yongkom NT, Papua New Guinea, of 9:29b–c.

If the Lord Almighty did not leave us^(inc) his ancestors, they would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom, and they would have died also like the people from Gomorrah

English uses Unless…had in the first part and would have become in the second part to indicate this meaning.

9:29b

“Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants,

“If the Lord of Armies, on our^(incl) behalf, had not allowed some of our descendants to live,
“Had it been that the Leader/Master of heaven’s armies did not spare some of our descendants for us,

the Lord of Hosts: Here the word Hosts refers to armies. God has very many angels who would fight for him. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

the Lord of Armies (GW)

the Lord of heaven’s armies

This phrase implies that God is very powerful. Some English versions like the NIV have “Lord Almighty” here, but “Almighty” is a different word in the Hebrew.

had left us descendants: This refers to God allowing some of the children of the Israelites to live. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

left us some descendants (GNT)

If the Lord of hosts had not left us offspring (ESV)

kept safe for us some of our descendants

descendants: The Greek here is literally “seed,” singular, but referring to plural seeds as a group. Some languages can use a literal translation for the correct meaning. For example:

seed

Some languages must use the plural and translate without the metaphor. See the examples above.

9:29c

we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.”

we would have become like Sodom, and we would have been made like Gomorrah.”
we would have become destroyed/gone like the people of the city of Sodom and the city of Gomorrah.”

we would have become like Sodom: The Greek verb that the BSB literally translates as become means that Israel would have resembled Sodom. God destroyed the city of Sodom and all its people (Genesis 19:1–28). Here are other ways to translate this clause:

we would have been like Sodom (ESV)

we (incl) would be like the people in the town Sodom…, all deadYakan Back Translation on TW.

we would have resembled Gomorrah: The Greek is literally “and we would have been made like Gomorrah.” God also destroyed the city of Gomorrah and all its people (Genesis 19:1–28). Here are other ways to translate this clause:

and have been made like Gomorrah (NABRE)

and God would have made us to be like the people in the town of Gomorrah, also all dead

Sodom…Gomorrah: God destroyed these two cities and all the people in them because of the great evil that they were doing. If readers of your translation are not familiar with the story in Genesis about these cities, you may want to translate literally and explain the story briefly in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:

God destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah and all the people in them because of the great evil that they were doing. See Genesis 19:1–28.

Note that this is a quote, so you may not want to add implied words to it.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

καὶ καθὼς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί καθώς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας Εἰ μή Κύριος Σαβαώθ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἡμῖν σπέρμα ὡς Σόδομα ἄν ἐγενήθημεν καί ὡς Γόμορρα ἄν ὡμοιώθημεν)

This phrase indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Isaiah 1:9](../isa/01/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: [And just as Isaiah has said beforehand in the Scriptures]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

εἰ μὴ Κύριος Σαβαὼθ ἐνκατέλιπεν ἡμῖν σπέρμα, ὡς Σόδομα ἂν ἐγενήθημεν, καὶ ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν

This sentence is a quotation from [Isaiah 1:9](../isa/01/09.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἡμῖν & ἂν ἐγενήθημεν & ὡμοιώθημεν

˱to˲_us & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί καθώς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας Εἰ μή Κύριος Σαβαώθ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἡμῖν σπέρμα ὡς Σόδομα ἄν ἐγενήθημεν καί ὡς Γόμορρα ἄν ὡμοιώθημεν)

In this verse us and we refer to Isaiah and those to whom he spoke, so us and we would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

σπέρμα

descendants

Here, seed is singular but refers to a group of people. See how you translated seed in [4:13](../04/13.md).

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ὡς Σόδομα ἂν ἐγενήθημεν, καὶ ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν

like Sodom like (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί καθώς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας Εἰ μή Κύριος Σαβαώθ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἡμῖν σπέρμα ὡς Σόδομα ἄν ἐγενήθημεν καί ὡς Γόμορρα ἄν ὡμοιώθημεν)

Paul’s readers would have known that Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that God completely destroyed because the people who lived in them were very wicked ([Genesis 19](../gen/19/01.md)). If your readers might not be familiar with this story, you could state this explicitly or indicate this in a note. Alternate translation: [we would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom, and we would have been destroyed like the people of Sodom]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ὡς Σόδομα ἂν ἐγενήθημεν, καὶ ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν

These two phrases mean the same thing. Isaiah says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that Israel could have been completely destroyed by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: [we would have become just like Sodom and Gomorrah]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὡς Γόμορρα ἂν ὡμοιώθημεν

like like Gomorrah (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί καθώς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας Εἰ μή Κύριος Σαβαώθ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἡμῖν σπέρμα ὡς Σόδομα ἄν ἐγενήθημεν καί ὡς Γόμορρα ἄν ὡμοιώθημεν)

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [God would have made us like Gomorrah]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. and
3. 25320
4. S
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. S
10. Y60
11. 109603
1. as
2. -
3. 25310
5. kathōs
6. C-·······
7. as
8. as
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109604
1. has previously said
2. previously
3. 43020
5. prolegō
6. V-IEA3··S
7. ˓has˒ previously_said
8. ˓has˒ previously_said
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109605
1. Aʸsaias
2. -
3. 22680
4. U
5. ēsaias
6. N-····NMS
7. Aʸsaias/(Yəshaˊ\sup yāh\sup*)
8. Isaiah
9. U
10. Person=Isaiah; Y60
11. 109606
1. Except
2. -
3. 14870
4. B
5. ei
6. C-·······
7. except
8. except
9. B
10. Y60
11. 109607
1. not/lest
2. -
3. 33610
5. mē
6. D-·······
7. ¬not/lest
8. ¬not/lest
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109608
1. +the master
2. Yahweh
3. 29620
4. GN
5. kurios
6. N-····NMS
7. ˓the˒ master
8. ˓the˒ Lord
9. GN
10. Y60
11. 109609
1. of armies
2. -
3. 45190
4. U
5. sabaōth
6. N-····GMP
7. ˱of˲ armies
8. ˱of˲ Sabaoth
9. U
10. Y60
11. 109610
1. abandoned
2. -
3. 14590
5. egkataleipō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. abandoned
8. abandoned
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109611
1. to us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1D·P
7. ˱to˲ us
8. ˱to˲ us
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109613
1. descendants
2. descendants
3. 46900
5. sperma
6. N-····ANS
7. descendants
8. descendants
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109614
1. like
2. -
3. 56130
5. hōs
6. C-·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109615
1. Sodoma/(Şədom)
2. Sodom
3. 46700
4. U
5. sodoma
6. N-····NNP
7. Sodoma/(Şədom)
8. Sodom
9. U
10. Location=Sodom; Y60
11. 109616
1. would
2. -
3. 3020
5. an
6. T-·······
7. would
8. would
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109617
1. we were become
2. become
3. 10960
5. ginomai
6. V-IAP1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ become
8. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ become
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109618
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109619
1. like
2. -
3. 56130
5. hōs
6. C-·······
7. like
8. like
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109620
1. Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh)
2. (Gomorrah
3. 11160
4. U
5. gomorra
6. N-····NFS
7. Gomorra/(ˊAmorāh)
8. Gomorrah
9. U
10. Location=Gomorrah; Y60
11. 109621
1. would
2. -
3. 3020
5. an
6. T-·······
7. would
8. would
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109622
1. we were likened
2. -
3. 36660
5. homoioō
6. V-IAP1··P
7. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ likened
8. ˱we˲ ˓were˒ likened
9. -
10. Y60; R109577; Person=Israel
11. 109623

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 9:29