ROM 9:23 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109497
1. ἵνα
2. hina
3. in order that
4. order
5. 24430
6. C·······
7. in_order_that
8. in_order_that
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109498
1. γνωρίσῃ
2. gnōrizō
3. he may make known
4. known
5. 11070
6. VSAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ make_known
8. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ make_known
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109499
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109500
1. τό
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. -
11. 109501
1. πλοῦτον
2. ploutos
3. riches
4. riches
5. 41490
6. N····AMS
7. riches
8. riches
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109502
1. πλοῦτος
2. ploutos
3. -
4. -
5. 41490
6. N····ANS
7. riches
8. riches
9. -
10. -
11. 109503
1. τῆς
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109504
1. δόξης
2. doxa
3. glory
4. -
5. 13910
6. N····GFS
7. glory
8. glory
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109505
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. of him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109506
1. ἐπί
2. epi
3. on
4. -
5. 19090
6. P·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109507
1. σκεύη
2. skeuos
3. +the vessels
4. -
5. 46320
6. N····ANP
7. ˓the˒ vessels
8. ˓the˒ vessels
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109508
1. ἐλέους
2. eleos
3. of mercy
4. mercy
5. 16560
6. N····GNS
7. ˱of˲ mercy
8. ˱of˲ mercy
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109509
1. ἅ
2. hos
3. which
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····ANP
7. which
8. which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109510
1. προητοίμασεν
2. proetoimazō
3. he previously prepared
4. prepared
5. 42820
6. VIAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ previously_prepared
8. ˱he˲ previously_prepared
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109511
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. for
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109512
1. δόξαν
2. doxa
3. glory
4. -
5. 13910
6. N····AFS
7. glory
8. glory
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109513

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:14–29: God always does what is right

In this section, Paul began by asking if God acts unjustly when he chooses some people and not others. Paul answered his own question with a strong “No!” All God’s choices depend on his mercy and not on anything about the people he chooses. God made Pharaoh the way he was when he wanted the Jews to leave Egypt.

Paul spoke to a possible complaint about no one ultimately being able to resist God’s will. He said that complaining to God about that is futile.

God shows his anger and power against people he has hardened. He does this to show how great his mercy is to other people. Both Jews and Gentiles are eligible to receive his mercy.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God’s choices/will are/is sovereign/supreme

God chooses whom he wants for both Jews and Gentiles

9:23a

What if He did this to make the riches of His glory known to the vessels of His mercy,

God does that to make known his vast/great glory/majesty to the containers of his mercy,
God is patient so that the people on whom he has mercy will know his splendor/greatness.

What if He did this to: The Greek begins with the word “and.” It shows that 9:23 is another purpose, in addition to showing his wrath (9:22a) and making known his power (9:22b). For example:

And that (KJV)

If you have ended 9:22 with a question mark or full stop, you should indicate that the thought from the main clause continues here. For example:

And he also wanted to…. (GNT)

As mentioned in the note on 9:22–24, this is one long question in the Greek. For example, the BSB makes 9:23–24 into a question too. But Paul was not questioning what he said in 9:23–24, so in some languages a statement would make the meaning more clear here. For example:

²³This was to make known the riches of his glory to the vessels of mercy, which he has prepared previously for glory, ²⁴namely, us whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles. (NABRE)

Note that the NABRE adds the words “This was” at the beginning of 9:23 to make the correct connection to 9:22.

the riches of His glory: Here the word riches refers to an abundance of God’s glory. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

his abundant glory (GNT)

his incomparable glory/praiseworthinessTagbanwa Back Translation on TW.

If you have translated Ephesians 1:18, 3:16, or Colossians 1:27, see how you translated this phrase there.

glory: The word glory refers literally to a very bright light. In this context it implies power, majesty, and greatness. Here are other ways to translate this word:

majesty

greatness

See how you translated this word in 3:23 or 9:4.

to: Here this Greek word indicates that God will make known his great glory to his people (here in this verse they are called “vessels of mercy”). For example:

upon vessels of mercy (NASB)

to the vessels of mercy (NABRE)

the vessels of His mercy: The word vessels refers to things a potter makes, as in 9:21–22. Here it is a metaphor for people upon whom God has mercy.

In some languages the meaning of the metaphor will not be clear. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate the literal meaning and explain it in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
The words “vessels of His mercy” refers to people upon whom God has mercy.
Translate without the metaphor. For example:
people to whom God has mercy
You may then want to indicate what the literal words are in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
Literally “vessels of His mercy.”

9:23b

whom He prepared in advance for glory—

and he has made them ready previously to be given glory/majesty.
He prepared them earlier for the day when he will give splendor/greatness to them.

whom He prepared in advance: Here the word whom introduces something more Paul said about the vessels of mercy. In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that God prepared only some vessels of mercy beforehand. If that is true in your language, translate in a way that indicates that God prepared all the vessels of mercy beforehand. For example:

and he has prepared them beforehand

He prepared them beforehand

He prepared in advance: In the metaphor of vessels, the phrase in advance refers to the potter making them some time before he planned to use them. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

he has prepared beforehand (ESV)

he made ready earlier

for glory: The word for introduces the purpose for God preparing the vessels of mercy beforehand. He will give them glory.

glory: This refers to the glory that God will give his people (for example, 2:10) and that his people will share in Jesus’ glory (for example, 8:17). See how you translated this word in 8:17 or 9:23a.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

καὶ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί ἵνα γνωρίσῃ τόν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπί σκεύη ἐλέους ἅ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν)

Here, and indicates that this verse continues the sentence that Paul began in the previous verse. If you divide the sentence into shorter sentences, you will need to repeat some of the information from the previous verse here. Alternate translation: [What if God also endured vessels of wrath so that] or [God also endured vessels of wrath so that]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

ἵνα & εἰς

in_order_that & for

Here, so that and for indicate purpose clauses. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: [for the purpose that … for the purpose of]

Note 3 topic: writing-pronouns

γνωρίσῃ & αὐτοῦ & προητοίμασεν

˱he˲_˓may˒_make_known & ˱of˲_him & ˱he˲_previously_prepared

In this verse the pronouns he and his refer to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [God might make known … God’s … God prepared beforehand]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

γνωρίσῃ

˱he˲_˓may˒_make_known

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [he might make people know]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τὸν πλοῦτον

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί ἵνα γνωρίσῃ τόν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπί σκεύη ἐλέους ἅ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν)

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of riches, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the rich character]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ & ἐλέους & εἰς δόξαν

˱of˲_the glory ˱of˲_him & ˱of˲_mercy & for glory

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of glory and mercy, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [of how glorious he is … toward which he acts mercifully … for being glorious]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί ἵνα γνωρίσῃ τόν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπί σκεύη ἐλέους ἅ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν)

Paul is using the possessive form to describe a glory that is characterized by wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [his rich glory]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

σκεύη ἐλέους

˓the˒_vessels ˱of˲_mercy

Paul is using the possessive form to describe vessels that will receive God’s mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [vessels that will receive mercy]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

σκεύη ἐλέους

˓the˒_vessels ˱of˲_mercy

See how you translated vessels in the previous verse.

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish

ἃ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καί ἵνα γνωρίσῃ τόν πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἐπί σκεύη ἐλέους ἅ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν)

This clause gives further information about the vessels of mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: [who are the ones he prepared beforehand for glory]

Note 11 topic: grammar-connect-logic-goal

εἰς δόξαν

for glory

Here, for indicates the purpose for which the vessels of mercy were prepared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [prepared for the purpose of being glorified]

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

εἰς δόξαν

for glory

Here, glory refers to experiencing glory forever with God in heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [for experiencing eternal glory]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109497
1. in order that
2. order
3. 24430
5. hina
6. C-·······
7. in_order_that
8. in_order_that
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109498
1. he may make known
2. known
3. 11070
5. gnōrizō
6. V-SAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ make_known
8. ˱he˲ ˓may˒ make_known
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109499
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109500
1. riches
2. riches
3. 41490
5. ploutos
6. N-····AMS
7. riches
8. riches
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109502
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFS
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109504
1. glory
2. -
3. 13910
5. doxa
6. N-····GFS
7. glory
8. glory
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109505
1. of him
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109506
1. on
2. -
3. 19090
5. epi
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109507
1. +the vessels
2. -
3. 46320
5. skeuos
6. N-····ANP
7. ˓the˒ vessels
8. ˓the˒ vessels
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109508
1. of mercy
2. mercy
3. 16560
5. eleos
6. N-····GNS
7. ˱of˲ mercy
8. ˱of˲ mercy
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109509
1. which
2. -
3. 37390
5. hos
6. R-····ANP
7. which
8. which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109510
1. he previously prepared
2. prepared
3. 42820
5. proetoimazō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. ˱he˲ previously_prepared
8. ˱he˲ previously_prepared
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109511
1. for
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109512
1. glory
2. -
3. 13910
5. doxa
6. N-····AFS
7. glory
8. glory
9. -
10. Y60
11. 109513

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 9:23

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 9:14–29: God always does what is right

9:23a

9:23b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)