AICNT 1PET book

1 Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ,[fn] to the elect sojourners of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied.

3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his abundant mercy has begotten us again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled and unfading, reserved in the heavens for {you},[fn] 5 who are guarded by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.

6 In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while, if need be, you have been grieved by various trials, 7 that the genuineness of your faith, more precious than gold that perishes, though it is tested by fire, may be found to result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ, 8 whom having not {seen}[fn] you love; and though now you do not see him, yet believing, you rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory, 9 receiving the end of [your][fn] faith, the salvation of souls.

10 Concerning this salvation, the prophets who prophesied about the grace that would come to you searched and carefully investigated, 11 seeking to know what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow. 12 To whom it was revealed that not for themselves, but {for you},[fn] they were serving these things which now have been announced to you through those who preached the good news to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven, into which things angels desire to look.

13 Therefore, having girded up the loins of your mind, being sober, set your hope fully on the grace that is being brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ; 14 as obedient children, not conforming yourselves to the former lusts in your ignorance; 15 but as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, 16 For it is written, “{You will be}[fn] holy, for I am holy.”[fn]

17 And if you call upon the Father, who judges impartially according to each one's work, conduct yourselves in fear during the time of your exile; 18 knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things, with silver or gold, from your futile way of life handed down from your ancestors, 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.

20 He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was made manifest in the last times for your sake, 21 who through him {are faithful to}[fn] God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.

22 Having purified your souls by obedience to the truth [[through the Spirit]][fn] for sincere brotherly love, love one another earnestly from [a pure][fn] heart. 23 Having been born again, not from perishable seed but imperishable, through the living and word of God, enduring [[forever]],[fn] 24 for “All flesh is as grass, and {all its glory}[fn] is like the flower of the grass. The grass withers, and {the}[fn] flower falls, 25 but the word of the Lord endures forever.”[fn][fn]

2 Therefore, putting away all wickedness and all deceit and {hypocrisies}[fn] and envies and all slander, 2 like newborn infants, long for the pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow [into salvation],[fn] 3 {if}[fn] you have tasted that the Lord is good.

4 As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men but chosen and precious in the sight of God, 5 and you, as living stones, are being built up [into][fn] a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

6 {For}[fn] it is [[also]][fn] contained in the Scripture: “Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone, a cornerstone chosen and precious, and whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.”[fn] 7 So the honor is for you who believe, but for those who do not {believe},[fn] “The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone,”[fn] 8 and “A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense.” They stumble because they disobey the word, as they were destined to do.

9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.[fn] 10 Once you were not a people, but now you are God's people; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.

11 Beloved, I urge you as sojourners and exiles to abstain from the fleshly desires which wage war against the soul; 12 keep your conduct among the Gentiles honorable, so that when they speak against you as evildoers, they may, by observing your good deeds, glorify God on the day of visitation.

13 [[Therefore]][fn] Submit to every human institution for the sake of the Lord, whether to a king as supreme, 14 whether to rulers as being sent through him for the punishment of wrongdoers, but praise for those who do good, 15 For this is the will of God, that by doing good you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish people.

16 Live as people who are free, not using your freedom as a cover-up for evil, but living as servants of God. 17 Honor everyone. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the emperor.

18 Servants, be subject to your masters with all respect, not only to the good and gentle but also to the unjust. 19 For this is grace [[with God]],[fn] when, mindful of {God},[fn] one endures sorrows while suffering unjustly.

20 For what credit is it if, when you sin and are beaten for it, you endure? But if when you do good and suffer for it you endure, this is a gracious thing in the sight of God.

21 For to this you have been called, because Christ also suffered for {you},[fn] leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps.

22 He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth.[fn] 23 When he was reviled, he did not revile in return; when he suffered, he did not threaten, but continued entrusting himself to him who judges justly, 24 who bore {our}[fn] sins in the body on the tree, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by whose wounds[fn] [[you]][fn] were healed. 25 For you were like wandering sheep, but now you have returned to the shepherd and guardian of your souls.

3 Likewise, wives, being submissive to your own husbands, so that [even][fn] if some are disobedient to the word, they may be won over without a word by the conduct of their wives, 2 observing your pure conduct in reverence. 3 Let your adornment not be the external braiding of hair and the wearing of gold jewelry or fine clothes, 4 but the hidden person of the heart, with the imperishable quality of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is precious in the sight of God.

5 For in this way, in former times, the holy women who hoped in God also adorned themselves, submitting to their own husbands, 6 just as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord. You have become her children by doing good and not fearing any intimidation.

7 Husbands, likewise, live with your wives in an understanding way, as with a weaker vessel, the female, giving honor as co-heirs of the grace of life, so that your prayers may not be hindered.

8 Finally, all of you, be like-minded, sympathetic, brotherly, tender-hearted, {humble-minded},[fn] 9 not repaying evil for evil or insult for insult, but on the contrary, blessing, [[knowing]][fn] for to this you were called, that you might inherit a blessing.

10 For whoever desires to love life and see good days, let him keep his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit; 11 [[but]][fn] let him turn away from evil and do good; let him seek peace and pursue it. 12 For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayers; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.[fn]

13 And who is there to harm you if you are {zealous}[fn] for what is good? 14 But even if you should suffer for righteousness sake, you are blessed. Do not fear their intimidation, [nor be troubled],[fn] 15 but sanctify {Christ}[fn] as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you, 16 but with gentleness and reverence, having a good conscience, so that in what they slander [[you as evildoers]],[fn] those who revile your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame. 17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if it is God's will, than for doing evil.

18 For Christ [also][fn] {suffered}[fn] once for [[our]][fn] sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring {you}[fn] to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit; 19 in which he went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison, 20 who formerly did not obey, when [[once]][fn] God's patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water.

21 This also, as an antitype,[fn] now saves {you},[fn] baptism, not a removal of the filth of the flesh, but an appeal for a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers having been subjected to him.

4 Therefore, since Christ suffered [[for us]][fn] in the flesh, arm yourselves also with the same mindset, because the one who has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin, 2 so as to live the remaining time in the flesh no longer for human desires, but for the will of God.

3 For the time that has passed is sufficient to have carried out the desire of the Gentiles, having walked in licentiousness, lusts, drunkenness, carousing, drinking parties, and unlawful idolatry.[fn]

4 In this they are surprised that you do not run with them into the same flood of debauchery, blaspheming.

5 They will give an account to the one who is ready to judge the living and the dead.

6 For this reason, the gospel was also preached to the dead, so that they might be judged according to men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.

7 But the end of all things has drawn near. Therefore, be self-controlled and sober-minded for [[the]][fn] prayers.

8 [[But]][fn] Above all, maintain fervent love for one another, because love {covers}[fn] a multitude of sins.

10 As each one has received a gift, use it to serve one another, as good stewards of the varied grace of God.

11 If anyone speaks, let it be as the oracles of God; if anyone serves, let it be as from the strength {that}[fn] God supplies, so that in all things God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom belong the glory and the dominion forever and ever. Amen.

12 Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though something strange were happening to you.

13 But to the degree that you share in the sufferings of Christ, rejoice, so that at the revelation of his glory you may also rejoice and be glad.

14 If you are insulted for the name of Christ, blessed are you, because the spirit of glory and of God rests upon you. [[On their part he is blasphemed, but on your part he is glorified.]][fn]

15 Let none of you suffer as a murderer, or a thief, or an evildoer, or as a meddler.

16 But if anyone suffers as a Christian, let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God in this {name}.[fn]

17 For {the time has come}[fn] for judgment to begin with the house of God; and if it begins with us first, what will be the end of those who do not obey the gospel of God?

18 And if the righteous are scarcely saved, where will the ungodly and the sinner appear?[fn]

19 Therefore, those suffering according to the will of God should entrust their souls [[as]][fn] to a faithful Creator in doing good.

5 [Therefore][fn] I exhort {the elders among you},[fn] as {fellow elder and witness}[fn] of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker of the glory that is to be revealed: 2 Shepherd the flock of God among you, [overseeing][fn] not by compulsion but willingly [according to God];[fn] not for shameful gain, but eagerly; 3 not as domineering over those in your charge, but being examples to the flock. 4 And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the unfading crown of glory.

And all of you, [[submit to one another,]][fn] clothe yourselves with humility; for God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.[fn]

6 Therefore, humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, so that he may exalt you in due time, 7 casting all your anxieties on him, because he cares for you.

8 Be sober-minded, be watchful. [[Because]][fn] Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking {someone to}[fn] devour.

9 Resist him, firm in your faith, knowing that the same kinds of suffering are being experienced by your brotherhood throughout the world.

10 And after you have suffered a little while, the God of all grace, who has called {you}[fn] to his eternal glory in Christ [[Jesus]],[fn] he will perfect, establish, {strengthen, and lay the foundation}.[fn]

12 Through Silvanus, a faithful brother as I regard him, I have written briefly, exhorting and testifying that this is the true grace of God in which you stand.

13 {She who is}[fn] in Babylon, chosen together with you, sends you greetings, and so does Mark, my son.

1:1, Christ: The Greek word for Christ means (1) fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ, (2) the personal name ascribed to Jesus, Christ. (BDAG, Χριστός)

1:4, you: Some manuscripts read “us.” 𝔓72 TR

1:8, seen: Later manuscripts read “known.” BYZ TR

1:9, your: Absent from some manuscripts. B(03)

1:12, for you: Later manuscripts read “for us.”

1:16, You will be: Later manuscripts read “Become.” BYZ TR

1:16, Leviticus 19:2

1:21, faithful to: NA28 SBLGNT ‖ Later manuscripts read “believing in.” THGNT BYZ TR

1:22, through the Spirit: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

1:22, a pure: Absent from some manuscripts which imply “the.” A(02) B(03)

1:23, forever: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR ‖ The Greek word αἰών can mean (1) a long period of time, without ref. to beginning or end, eternity (2) a segment of time as a particular unit of history, age (3) the world as a spatial concept, the world. (BDAG, αἰών)

1:24, all its glory: Later manuscripts read “all the glory of men.” BYZ TR

1:24, the: Later manuscripts read “its.” BYZ TR

1:25, forever: Lit. into the age (αἰών).

1:24-25, Isaiah 40:6-8 LXX

2:1, hypocrisies: Some manuscripts read “hypocrisy.” B(03)

2:2, into salvation: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

2:3, if: Later manuscripts read “if indeed.” BYZ TR

2:5, into: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

2:6, For: Later manuscripts read “Indeed.” TR

2:6, also: Later manuscripts add. TR

2:6, Isaiah 28:16 LXX

2:7, believe: Later manuscripts read “obey.” BYZ TR

2:7, Psalms 118:22

2:9, Isaiah 43:20 LXX, Exodus 19:16 LXX

2:13, Therefore: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

2:19, with God: Some manuscripts include. C(04)

2:19, God: Some manuscripts read “God's goodness.” 𝔓72. ‖ Some manuscripts read “goodness.” C(04)

2:21, you: Later manuscripts read “us.” BYZ TR

2:22, Isaiah 53:9 LXX

2:24, our: Some manuscripts read “your.” 𝔓72 B(03)

2:24, wounds: Or bruises

2:24, you: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

3:1, even: Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓81 B(03)

3:8, humble-minded: Later manuscripts read “kind-hearted.”

3:9, knowing: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

3:11, but: Absent from some manuscripts. ℵ(01) BYZ TR

3:10-12, Psalms 34:12-16

3:13, zealous: Later manuscripts read “imitators.” BYZ TR

3:14, nor be troubled: Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓72 B(03)

3:15, Christ: Later manuscripts read “God.” BYZ TR

3:16, you as evildoers: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

3:18, also: Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓72 ℵ(01)

3:18, suffered: Later manuscripts read “died.”

3:18, our: Some manuscripts include. (C04)

3:18, you: Later manuscripts read “us.” TR

3:20, once: Later manuscripts add. TR

3:21, This also, as an antitype: Water previously corresponded to judgment but now corresponds to salvation.

3:21, you: Later manuscripts read “us.” BYZ TR

4:1, for us: Later manuscripts add BYZ TR.

4:3, Licentiousness: Sexual indulgence or debauchery. “Carousing” is excessive feasting.

4:7, the: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

4:8, But: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

4:8, covers: Later manuscripts read “will cover.” BYZ TR

4:11, that: Later manuscripts read “as.” BYZ

4:14, On their part he is blasphemed, but on your part he is glorified: Later manuscripts add. BYZ MT

4:16, name: 𝔓72 ℵ(01) A(02) B(03) NA27 SBLGNT THGNT ‖ Some manuscripts read “part.” NA28 BYZ TR ‖ Name is likely in reference to the term Christian.

4:17, the time has come: Other manuscripts read “it is time.”

4:18, Proverbs 11:31 LXX

4:19, as: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

5:1, Therefore: 𝔓72 ℵ(01) A(02) B(03) NA27 SBLGNT THGNT ‖ Absent from some manuscripts. NA28 BYZ TR

5:1, the elders among you: Absent from some manuscripts.

5:1, fellow elder and witness: Some manuscripts read “also witness.”

5:2, overseeing: Absent from some manuscripts. ℵ(01) B(03)

5:2, according to God: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

5:5, submit to one another: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR.

5:5, Proverbs 3:34 LXX

5:8, because: Some manuscripts include. ℵ(01) TR

5:8, someone to: Later manuscripts read “whom he may.” BYZ TR

5:10, you: Later manuscripts read “us.” TR

5:10, Jesus: Some manuscripts include. 𝔓72 B(03) BYZ TR

5:10, strengthen, and lay the foundation: ℵ(01) NA28 SBLGNT THGNT BYZ TR ‖ Some manuscripts read “ and lay the foundation.” 𝔓72 ‖ Some manuscripts read “and strengthen.” A(02) B(03) ‖ There are a few other later variants as well.

5:11, the glory and: Some manuscripts include. ℵ(01) BYZ TR

5:11, and ever: ℵ(01) A(02) SBLGNT THGNT BYZ TR ‖Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓72 B(03) NA28

5:13, She who is: Some manuscripts read “The church.”

5:14, a kiss of love: Later manuscripts read “a holy kiss.”

5:14, Peace to all of you who are in Christ: Absent from 𝔓72.

5:14, Jesus. Amen: Some manuscripts include. ℵ(01) BYZ TR