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ROM EN_AICNT_20231009

1 Paul, a servant of {Christ[fn] Jesus}[fn] , called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God;

2 Which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh, 4 and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations, 6 among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ, 7 to all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed in all the world. 9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I mention you 10 always in my prayers, asking that somehow by God's will I may now at last succeed in coming to you. 11 For I long to see you, so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift for your strengthening, 12 and this is to be mutually encouraged among you through the faith in one another, both yours and mine.

13 I want you to know, brothers, that I have often intended to come to you (but thus far have been prevented), in order that I may reap some harvest among you as well as among the rest of the nations. 14 I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel [[of Christ]],[fn] for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew [first][fn] and also to the Greek. 17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, “The righteous shall live by faith.”[fn]

18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.

19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.

21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.

22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.

24 Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among {them},[fn] 25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

26 For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; 27 and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done.

29 They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice [immorality].[fn]

They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless [[unforgiving]].[fn]

32 Though they know God's righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.

2 Therefore you are without excuse, O man, every one of you who judges. For in passing judgment on another you condemn yourself, because you, the judge, practice the very same things. 2 We know that the judgment of God rightly falls on those who practice such things.

3 But consider this, O man who judges those practicing such things and doing them, that you will escape the judgment of God?

4 Or do you presume on the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that God's kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?

5 But because of your hard and impenitent heart you are storing up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath [[and]][fn] when God's righteous judgment will be revealed.

6 He will render to each one according to his works: 7 to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, he will give eternal life; 8 but for those who are self-seeking and [[indeed]][fn] disobeying the truth, but obey unrighteousness, there will be {wrath and anger}.[fn]

9 There will be tribulation and distress for every human being who does evil, the Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, the Jew first and also the Greek.

11 For there is no partiality with God. 12 For as many as have sinned[fn] without law, will also perish without law, and as many as have sinned in the law, will be judged by the law; 13 For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified.

14 For when Gentiles, which do not have the law by nature, do the things of the law, these, not having the law, are a law to themselves; 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness, and between one another their thoughts accusing or even defending, 16 on the day when God judges the hidden things of men according to my gospel through {Christ Jesus}.[fn]

17 {But if you}[fn] call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast in God, 18 and know his will and approve the things that are superior, being instructed from the law, 19 and are confident that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those in darkness, 20 an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of infants, having the form of knowledge and truth in the law; 21 you then who teach others, do you not teach yourself? While you preach against stealing, do you steal? 22 You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23 You who boast in the law dishonor God by breaking the law.

24 For, as it is written, “The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”[fn]

25 For circumcision indeed is of value if you obey the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision becomes uncircumcision.

26 So, if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the precepts of the law, {will not}[fn] his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?

27 And the one by nature uncircumcised, fulfilling the law, will judge you who, through the letter and circumcision, are a transgressor of the law. 28 For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical; 29 But the one in the hidden place is a Jew, and circumcision is of the heart, in spirit not in letter, whose praise is not from men but from God.

3 What then is the advantage of the Jew, or what is the benefit of circumcision? 2 Much in every way. First of all, they were entrusted with the oracles of God.

3 What if some were unfaithful? Will their unfaithfulness nullify the faithfulness of God?

4 By no means! Let God be true, and every man a liar, as it is written: “So that you may be justified in your words and prevail when you are judged.”[fn]

5 But if our unrighteousness serves to show the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unjust to inflict wrath? I am speaking in human terms.

6 By no means! For then how could God judge the world?

7 But if through my falsehood God's truth abounds to his glory, why am I still being condemned as a sinner? 8 And why not say, as some people slander us by claiming that we say, Let us do evil that good may come? Their condemnation is just.

9 What then? Are we any better off? Not at all! For we have already charged that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin,[fn] 10 as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away, together they have become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.[fn] 13 Their throat is an open grave; they deceive with their tongues; the venom of asps is under their lips;[fn] 14 their mouth is full of curses and bitterness.[fn] 15 Their feet are swift to shed blood, 16 ruin and misery mark their ways, 17 and the way of peace they have not known.[fn] 18 There is no fear of God before their eyes.”[fn]

19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God.

20 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by works of the law; for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.[fn]

21 But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, 22 the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ[fn] for all [[and upon all]][fn] who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned[fn] and fall short of the glory of God, 24 being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God set forth as a propitiation through [the] faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness because of the passing over of the sins previously committed, 26 in the forbearance of God, for the demonstration of his righteousness in the present time, so that he might be justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.[fn]

27 Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. 28 {For}[fn] we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

29 Or is God the God of Jews only? Is he not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too, 30 {if indeed}[fn] there is one God who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law by this faith? By no means! Rather, we uphold the law.

4 What shall we say then that Abraham, our forefather, [[was found]][fn] according to the flesh, ? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. 3 For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[fn]

4 Now to the one working, the reward is not credited according to grace, but according to debt. 5 But to the one not working, but believing in the one who justifies the ungodly, that one's faith is credited for righteousness. 6 Just as David also speaks of the blessing of the person to whom God credits righteousness apart from works: 7 Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin.[fn]

9 Is this blessing then on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say, “Faith was credited to Abraham as righteousness.” 10 How then was it credited? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them [also],[fn] 12 and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which he had while still uncircumcised.

13 For the promise to Abraham or to his offspring, that he would be heir of the world, was not through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise is nullified; 15 for the law produces wrath; {but}[fn] where there is no law, there is no transgression.

16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be according to grace, so that the promise might be sure to all the descendants, not only to those who are of the law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all, 17 as it is written, “I have made you a father of many nations,” in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into existence the things that do not exist. 18 In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become a father of many nations according to that which had been spoken, “So shall your descendants be.”[fn]

19 And not weakening in faith, {he considered}[fn] his own body [already][fn] as good as dead, being about a hundred years old, and the deadness of Sarah's womb; 20 yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, giving glory to God, 21 and being fully convinced that what was promised, he is able also to do. 22 Therefore [also][fn] it was credited to him as righteousness.

23 It was not written for his sake alone that it was credited to him, 24 but also for our sake, to whom it will be credited, to those who believe in the one who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 who was handed over for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.

5 Therefore, having been justified by faith, {let us have}[fn] peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we have also obtained access [by faith][fn] into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God.

3 Not only that, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance produces character, and character produces hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out into our hearts through the Holy Spirit[fn] that has been given to us.

6 For while we were [still][fn] weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 Indeed, rarely will someone die for a righteous person; though perhaps for a good person someone might even dare to die. 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

9 Much more then, having now been justified by his blood, we shall be saved from the wrath through him.

10 For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. 11 Not only that, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received the reconciliation.

12 Therefore, just as through one man sin[fn] entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men, because all sinned;[fn] 13 for until the law, sin was in the world, but sin is not counted when there is no law.

14 Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the one to come.

15 But the free gift is not like the trespass; for if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many. 16 And the gift is not like the result of one sin; for indeed the judgment from one sin led to condemnation, but the gift from many trespasses led to justification.

17 For if by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ.

18 Consequently, just as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so also one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men.

19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one the many will be made righteous.

20 Now the law came in so that the transgression might increase; but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more, 21 so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

6 What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, so that grace may abound? 2 By no means! How can we who died to sin still live in it?

3 Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ [Jesus][fn] were baptized into his death? 4 Therefore, we were buried with him through baptism into death, so that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life.

5 For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we shall also be in the likeness of his resurrection; 6 knowing this, that our old man[fn] was crucified with him, so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless, that we should no longer be slaves to sin; 7 For the one who has died has been justified[fn] from sin.

8 Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him, 9 knowing that Christ, having been raised from the dead, dies no more. Death no longer has dominion over him.

10 For what has died, has died to sin once for all; but what lives, lives to God. 11 So also you, consider yourselves [to be][fn] dead indeed to sin, but living to God in Christ Jesus [[our Lord]].[fn]

12 Therefore, do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey {its desires},[fn] 13 and do not present your members as instruments of unrighteousness to sin, but present yourselves to God as being alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. 14 For sin shall not have dominion over you, for you are not under law but under grace.

15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? By no means! 16 Do you not know that when you present yourselves as slaves for obedience, you are slaves to the one you obey, either of sin leading to death, or of obedience leading to righteousness? 17 But thanks be to God that though you were slaves of sin, you have obeyed from the heart the pattern of teaching to which you were entrusted.

18 Having been freed from sin, you became slaves to righteousness.

19 I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness into lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness into sanctification.

20 For when you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. 21 What fruit did you have then in the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death.

22 But now, having been set free from sin and having become slaves to God, you have your fruit into sanctification, and the end, eternal life. 23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

7 Or do you not know, brothers, for I am speaking to those who know the law, that the law has authority over a person as long as they live? 2 For a married woman is bound by law to her living husband; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning her husband. 3 So then, if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress, though she is joined to another man.

4 So then, my brothers and sisters, you also were put to death in relation to the law through the body of Christ, so that you might belong to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. 5 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions that came through the law were at work in our members, so that we bore fruit for death. 6 But now we have been released from the law, having died to that which held us captive, so that we serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.

7 What then shall we say? Is the law sin? By no means! But I would not have known sin except through the law; for I would not have known desire[fn] if the law had not said, “You shall not desire.”[fn] 8 But sin, seizing an opportunity through the commandment, produced in me every kind of desire; for apart from the law, sin is dead.

9 I was once alive apart from the law, but when the commandment came, sin[fn] came to life 10 and I died. The commandment that was meant to bring life, in fact, brought death. 11 For sin, seizing an opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it killed me. 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? By no means! But sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin, was producing death in me through what is good, so that sin might become exceedingly sinful through the commandment.

14 For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am of the flesh, sold under sin. 15 For I do not understand my own actions. For I do not do what I want, but I do the very thing I hate.

16 Now if I do what I do not want, I agree with the law, that it is good. 17 So now it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me. 18 For I know that good does not dwell in me, that is, in my flesh; for the willing is present with me, but {the doing of the good is not}.[fn] 19 For I do not do the good I want, but the evil I do not want is what I keep on doing. 20 Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me.

21 So I find it to be a law that when I want to do right, evil lies close at hand; 22 For I delight in the law of God, in my inner being, 23 but I see another law in my members warring against the law of my mind and taking me captive in the law of sin that is in my members.

24 Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death?

25 [[But]][fn] Thanks to God through Jesus Christ our Lord. So then, I myself with the mind serve the law of God, but with the flesh the law of sin.

8 Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus [[who do not walk according to the flesh]][fn] [[but according to the Spirit]].[fn]

2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set {you}[fn] free from the law of sin and death.

3 For what was impossible for the law, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh, 4 so that the requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

5 For those who are according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who are according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.

6 For the mindset of the flesh is death, but the mindset of the Spirit is life and peace; 7 because the mindset of the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to the law of God, nor is it able to; 8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.

9 But you are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this one is not of him.

10 But if Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the Spirit is life because of righteousness.

11 And if the Spirit of the one who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, the one who raised Christ [Jesus][fn] from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his spirit dwelling in you.

12 So then, brothers, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh; 13 for if you live according to the flesh, you are about to die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. 14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.

15 For you did not receive a spirit of slavery leading to fear again, but you received a spirit of adoption, by which we cry out, “Abba, Father.”

16 The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God. 17 And if children, then heirs; heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him.

18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.

19 For the eager expectation of the creation awaits the revelation of the sons of God. 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of the one who subjected it, in hope 21 that creation itself will also be set free from the bondage of corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God.

22 For we know that all creation groans together and suffers birth pains until now; 23 And not only this, but also we ourselves, having the firstfruits of the Spirit, we too groan within ourselves, awaiting adoption, the redemption of our body.

24 For in hope we have been saved; but hope that is seen is not hope; {for who hopes for what he sees}?[fn] 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly wait for it with perseverance.

26 Likewise, the Spirit also helps in our weakness; for we do not know what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit itself intercedes [[for us]][fn] with inexpressible groanings; 27 and the one who searches the hearts knows what the mind of the Spirit is, because it intercedes for the saints according to God.

28 And we know that for those who love God, {all things work}[fn] together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. 29 For those whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, so that he would be the firstborn among many brothers; 30 and those whom he predestined, he also called; and those whom he called, he also justified; and those whom he justified, he also glorified.

31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? 32 Indeed, who did not spare his own son, but delivered him up for us all, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things?

33 Who will bring a charge against God's elect? It is God who justifies. 34 Who is the one condemning? Christ [Jesus],[fn] the one who died, rather, who was raised, who also is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes on our behalf.

35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Tribulation or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? 36 As it is written, “For your sake we are being put to death all day long; we were considered as sheep for slaughter.”[fn]

37 No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. 38 For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor rulers, neither present nor future, nor powers, 39 nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.

9 I am speaking the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience bears witness with me in the Holy Spirit, 2 that there is great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh, 4 who are Israelites, to whom belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises, 5 of whom the fathers and from whom is the Christ according to the flesh, the one being over all, God blessed forever,[fn] amen.

6 Not as though the word of God has failed. For not all those from Israel are Israel; 7 nor because they are the offspring of Abraham are they all children, but, “your offspring will be reckoned.”[fn]

8 This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring.

9 For this is the word of promise: “At this time I will come, and Sarah shall have a son.”[fn]

10 And not only this, but also Rebecca, having conceived by one, Isaac our father; 11 For not yet having been born, nor having done anything good or bad, so that the purpose of God according to election might remain, 12 not by works, but by the one who calls, it was said to her, “The greater shall serve the lesser,”[fn] 13 just as it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[fn]

14 What shall we say then? Is there injustice on God's part? By no means! 15 For he says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[fn] 16 So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[fn] 18 So then he has mercy on whomever he wills, and he hardens whomever he wills.

19 You will say to me then, Why [then][fn] does he still find fault? For who can resist his will? 20 But who are you, O man, to answer back to God? Will what is molded say to its molder, “Why have you made me like this?”[fn] 21 Or does not the potter have authority over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?

22 What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, 23 in order to make known the riches of his glory for vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory; 24 even us whom he has called, not from the Jews only but also from the Gentiles?

25 As indeed he says in Hosea, “Those who were not my people I will call my people, and her who was not beloved I will call ‘beloved.’ ”[fn] 26 “And it will be in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’ ”[fn]

27 And Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the sons of Israel be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will be saved, 28 For he is completing and cutting short the word [[in righteousness,]][fn] [[for a concise word,]][fn] the Lord will do upon the earth..”[fn]

29 And just as Isaiah had foretold, “If the Lord of Hosts had not left us offspring, we would have become like Sodom and would have been made like Gomorrah.”[fn]

30 What shall we say then? That Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness have attained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith; 31 but Israel who pursued a law that would lead to righteousness did not succeed in reaching that law [[of righteousness]].[fn]

32 Why? Because it was not from faith but as from works [[of the law]];[fn] they stumbled over the stone of stumbling, 33 just as it is written, “Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense, and the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.”[fn]

10 Brothers, the desire of my heart and my prayer to God for {them}[fn] is for salvation. 2 For I testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. 3 For, being ignorant of the righteousness of God and seeking to establish their own [righteousness],[fn] they did not submit to the righteousness of God.

4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes. 5 For Moses writes about the righteousness that is from the law, [that][fn] the man who does these things will live by {them}.[fn][fn]

6 But the righteousness from faith speaks in this way, “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ ” - That is, to bring Christ down - 7 or, “Who will descend into the abyss?” - that is, to bring Christ up from the dead. 8 But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart”; that is, the word of faith which we proclaim.[fn]

9 For if you confess[fn][fn] with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved; 10 for with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.

11 For the Scripture says, “Whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.”[fn]

12 For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek, for the same Lord[fn] is Lord of all, rich to all who call upon him; 13 For “whoever calls on the name of the Lord[fn] shall be saved.”[fn]

14 How then will they call on the one in whom they have not believed? And how will they believe in whom they have not heard? And how will they hear without someone preaching? 15 And how will they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim [the][fn] good news [[of peace, those who proclaim good news of the good things]].”[fn]

16 But not all obeyed the gospel. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?”[fn] 17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of {Christ}.[fn]

18 But I say, did they not hear? Indeed they did: “Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.”[fn]

19 But I say, did Israel not know? [First Moses says, “I will provoke you to jealousy by those who are not a nation;][fn] By a nation without understanding I will anger you.”[fn]

20 And Isaiah boldly says, “I was found by those who did not seek me; I became manifest to those who did not ask for me.”[fn]

21 But to Israel he says, “All day long I have stretched out my hands to a disobedient and contrary people.”[fn]

11 I say then, has God rejected his people? By no means! For I myself am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew. Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? [[saying]][fn] 3 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars, and I alone am left, and they seek my life.”[fn] 4 But what does the divine response say to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”[fn]

5 So too, at the present time there is a remnant according to the election of grace. 6 And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace. [[But if it is by works, it is no longer grace, since the work is no longer work.]][fn]

7 What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was seeking, but the elect obtained it, and the rest were hardened, 8 just as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes not to see and ears not to hear, until this very day.”[fn] 9 And David says, “Let their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them; 10 Let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their back continually.”[fn]

11 I say then, have they stumbled so as to fall? By no means! But by their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy. 12 But if their transgression is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the nations, how much more will their fullness be.

13 {Now}[fn] I am speaking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry 14 if somehow I might provoke to jealousy my own flesh and save some of them. 15 For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 16 Now if the firstfruits are holy, so is the lump; and if the root is holy, so are the branches.

17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and have become a partaker of the root and the richness of the olive tree, 18 do not boast over the branches. But if you do boast, remember it is not you who support the root, but the root that supports you.

19 You will say then, Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in. 20 That is true. They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear; 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, [perhaps][fn] he will not spare you either.

22 Behold then the kindness and severity of God: severity toward those who have fallen, but [God's][fn] kindness to you, provided you continue in his kindness; otherwise you too will be cut off. 23 And those also, if they do not persist in unbelief, will be grafted in; for God is able to graft them in again. 24 For if you were cut from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree.

25 Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers: a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. 26 And in this way all Israel will be saved, just as it is written, “The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.” 27 “And this is the covenant for them from me, when I take away their sins.”[fn]

28 As for the gospel, they are enemies for your sake; but as for the election, they are beloved for the sake of the fathers. 29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.

30 Just as you were once disobedient to God, but now have received mercy through their disobedience, 31 so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they also [now][fn] may receive mercy. 32 For God has consigned all to disobedience, so that he may have mercy on all.

33 Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how unsearchable[fn] are his ways!

34 For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?[fn] 35 Or who has given a gift to him that he might be repaid?[fn] 36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen.

12 Therefore, I urge you, brothers, through the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living, holy, and pleasing sacrifice to God, your rational[fn] service.

2 And do not be conformed to this age, but be transformed by the renewal of the mind, so that you may discern what is the will of God, the good and pleasing and perfect.

3 For I say, through the grace given to me, to everyone who is among you, not to think more highly than one ought to think, but to think so as to be sober-minded, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith.

4 For just as in one body we have many members, and not all the members have the same function, 5 so we, though many, are one body in Christ, and {individually}[fn] members of one another.

6 Having gifts that differ according to the grace given to us, let us use them: if prophecy, in proportion to our faith; 7 if service, in our serving; the one who teaches, in his teaching; 8 the one who exhorts, in his exhortation; the one who contributes, in generosity; the one who leads, with zeal; the one who does acts of mercy, with cheerfulness.

9 Let love be genuine.

Abhor what is evil; hold fast to what is good.

10 Love one another with brotherly affection.

Outdo one another in showing honor.

11 Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord.

12 Rejoice in hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer.

13 Contribute to the needs of the saints and seek to show hospitality.

14 Bless those who persecute [you];[fn] [bless][fn] and do not curse them.

15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, [[and]][fn] weep with those who weep.

16 Live in harmony with one another. Do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly. Do not be wise in your own estimation.

17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil, providing good things in the sight of all men.

18 If possible, as far as it depends on you, living in peace with all men.

19 Do not take revenge, beloved, but leave room for wrath; for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.”[fn]

20 {But}[fn] if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by doing this you will heap burning coals on his head.

21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.

13 Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those [[authorities]][fn] that exist have been ordained by God. 2 Therefore, whoever resists the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will bring judgment on themselves. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? Do what is good, and you will have praise from it; 4 for it is a servant of God to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword in vain; for it is a servant of God, an avenger to execute wrath on the one who practices evil. 5 Therefore, it is necessary to be subject, not only because of wrath, but also for the sake of conscience.

6 For this reason, also pay taxes; for they are servants of God, attending to this very thing.

7 Pay to all what is owed: to the one the tax, the tax; to the one the custom, the custom; to the one the fear, the fear; to the one the honor, the honor.

8 Owe no one anything except to love one another, for he who loves another has fulfilled the law. 9 For the commandments, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” [[“You shall not bear false witness,”]][fn] “You shall not covet,” and any other commandment, are summed up in this word: “You shall love your neighbor as {yourself}[fn].”[fn] 10 Love does no harm to a neighbor; therefore, love is the fulfillment of the law.

11 And knowing this time, that it is already the hour for {you}[fn] to awaken from sleep, for now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed. 12 The night is far gone, the day is near. Let us then cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.

13 As in the day, let us walk decently, not in revelries and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in strife and jealousy, 14 but put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not make provision for the desires of the flesh.

14 Accept the one who is weak in faith, but not for the purpose of quarreling over opinions.

2 One person believes they may eat anything, while the weak person eats only vegetables. 3 The one who eats must not despise the one who abstains, and the one who abstains must not judge the one who eats, for God has accepted them.

4 Who are you to judge someone else's servant? To their own master they stand or fall; and they will stand, for {the Lord}[fn] is able to make them stand.

5 Some judge one day to be better than another, while others judge all days to be alike. Let each be fully convinced in their own mind.

6 The one who observes the day, observes it in honor of the Lord [[and he who does not observe the day, to the Lord he does not observe it]].[fn] [And][fn] The one who eats, eats in honor of the Lord, since they give thanks to God; and the one who abstains, abstains in honor of the Lord and gives thanks to God.

7 For none of us lives for oneself, and none dies for oneself; 8 If we live, we live for the Lord; and if we die, we die for the Lord. So, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord. 9 For to this end Christ died [[and rose]][fn] and lived again, so that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living.

10 Why do you judge your brother or sister? Or why do you despise your brother or sister? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of {God},[fn] 11 for it is written, “As I live, says the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God.”[fn]

12 So [therefore][fn] each of us will give an account of ourselves [to God].[fn]

13 Therefore, let us no longer judge one another; but rather decide this, not to put a stumbling block or a trap[fn] before a brother.

14 I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself; but it is unclean for anyone who thinks it unclean.

15 For if your brother is grieved because of food, you are no longer walking in love; do not destroy that one with your food, for whom Christ died. 16 Therefore, do not let your good be blasphemed.

17 For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.[fn]

18 Whoever serves Christ in {this way}[fn] is pleasing to God and approved by men.

19 So then, let us pursue what makes for peace and for mutual edification. 20 Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All things are indeed clean, but it is wrong for anyone to cause another to stumble by what they eat. 21 It is good not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything by which your brother stumbles, [or to be offended or made weak].[fn]

22 {You have faith, [which][fn] you have before God, keep to yourself.}[fn] Blessed is the one who does not judge oneself in what one approves; 23 But the one who doubts, if they eat, they are condemned, because it is not from faith; and everything that is not from faith is sin.

24 [[Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept silent for eternal times, 25 but now has been revealed through prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith—to all the nations made known, 26 to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory forever. Amen.]][fn]

15 Now we who are strong ought to bear the weaknesses of those who are not strong, and not to please ourselves.

2 Let each of us please our neighbor for their good, for the purpose of building them up. 3 For even Christ did not please himself, but as it is written, “The reproaches of those who reproached you fell upon me.”[fn]

4 For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through perseverance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.

5 Now may the God of perseverance and encouragement grant you to be of the same mind with one another according to Christ Jesus, 6 so that with one accord and with one voice you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

7 Therefore, accept one another, just as Christ also accepted you, for the glory of God.

8 For I say that Christ [[Jesus]][fn] has become a servant of the circumcision on behalf of the truth of God, to confirm the promises given to the fathers, 9 and for the Gentiles to glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, “For this reason I will praise you among the Gentiles, and sing to your name.”[fn]

10 And again it says, “Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people.”[fn]

11 And again, “Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles, and {let all the peoples praise him}.”[fn][fn]

12 And again Isaiah says, “There will be the root of Jesse and the one rising up to rule nations, on him nations will hope.”[fn]

13 Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.

14 Now I am convinced, [my][fn] brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness, filled with all [the][fn] knowledge, able also to admonish one another.

15 But I have written to you more boldly [[brothers]][fn] on some points, as a reminder to you, because of the grace given to me by God 16 to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles, ministering as a priest the gospel of God, so that the offering of the Gentiles may become acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

17 Therefore, I have my boasting in Christ Jesus in things pertaining to God. 18 For I will not dare to speak of anything that Christ has not accomplished through me for the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and deed, 19 in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the {Spirit of God};[fn] so that from Jerusalem and all around as far as Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.

20 And thus I aspired to preach the gospel, not where Christ was already named, so that I would not build on another's foundation, 21 but as it is written, “They who had no news of him shall see, and they who have not heard shall understand.”[fn]

22 For this reason I have often been hindered from coming to you; 23 but now, having no further place in these regions, and since I have had a longing to come to you for many years, 24 {As I may go to Spain};[fn] for I hope, passing through, to see you and to be sent on my way there by you, if first I may be somewhat filled by you.

25 But now I am going to Jerusalem, serving the saints. 26 For Macedonia and Achaia have been pleased to make a contribution for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem. 27 Yes, they were pleased to do so, and they are indebted to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are indebted to minister to them also in material things.

28 Therefore, when I have finished this, and have put my seal on this fruit of theirs, I will go on by way of you to Spain. 29 I know that when I come to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing [[of the gospel]][fn] of Christ.

30 I urge you, brothers, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to strive together with me in your prayers to God on my behalf, 31 that I may be delivered from the disobedient in Judea, and that my ministry for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints, 32 so that, coming to you with joy by the will of God, I may find rest with you.

33 Now may the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

16 I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is [also][fn] a servant of the church in Cenchreae, 2 that you may welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her in whatever matter she may need from you; for she has been a benefactor of many, including myself.

3 Greet {Prisca}[fn] and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4 who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles, 5 and the church that meets in their house.

Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of {Asia}[fn] for Christ.

6 Greet Mary, who has worked hard for {you}.[fn]

7 Greet Andronicus and {Junia},[fn] my relatives and fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, and who were in Christ before me.

8 Greet {Ampliatus},[fn] my beloved in the Lord. 9 Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys.

10 Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.

11 Greet Herodion, my relative.

Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord.

12 Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have labored in the Lord. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord.

13 Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother, who has been a mother to me as well.

14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them.

15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.

16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. [All][fn] [The churches of Christ greet you.][fn]

17 Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and create obstacles contrary to the teaching that you have learned; avoid them.

18 For such people do not serve our Lord [[Jesus]][fn] Christ, but their own appetites, and by smooth talk [and flattery][fn] they deceive the hearts of the naive.

19 For your obedience has become known to all. Therefore, I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise in what is good, and innocent in what is evil.

20 The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet.

The grace of our Lord Jesus [Christ][fn] be with you.

21 Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you, as do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my relatives.

22 I, Tertius, who wrote this letter, greet you in the Lord.

23 Gaius, my host and the host of the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you.

24 [The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all, Amen.][fn]

25 Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept secret for long ages, 26 but has now been disclosed through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith among all the nations, 27 to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever [[and ever]].[fn] Amen.[fn]

[[To the Romans, it was written from Corinth through Phoebe, the servant of the church in Cenchreae.]][fn]