LUKE 19:43 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ὅτι
2. hoti
3. Because
4. -
5. 37540
6. C·······
7. because
8. because
9. S
10. Y33
11. 56910
1. ἥξουσιν
2. ēkō
3. will be coming
4. -
5. 22400
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ coming
8. ˓will_be˒ coming
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56911
1. ἡμέραι
2. hēmera
3. days
4. -
5. 22500
6. N····NFP
7. days
8. days
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56912
1. καί
2. kai
3. -
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. -
11. 56913
1. βαλοῦσιν
2. ballō
3. -
4. -
5. 9060
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ bringing
8. ˓will_be˒ bringing
9. -
10. -
11. 56914
1. ἐπί
2. epi
3. on
4. -
5. 19090
6. P·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56915
1. σέ
2. su
3. you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56916
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56917
1. παρεμβαλοῦσιν
2. paremballō
3. -
4. -
5. 39245
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ encamping
8. ˓will_be˒ encamping
9. -
10. -
11. 56918
1. περιβαλοῦσιν
2. periballō
3. will be throwing around
4. around
5. 40160
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ throwing_around
8. ˓will_be˒ throwing_around
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56919
1. οἱ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56920
1. ἐχθροί
2. eχthros
3. enemies
4. enemies
5. 21900
6. S····NMP
7. enemies
8. enemies
9. -
10. Y33; F56944
11. 56921
1. σοῦ
2. su
3. of you
4. your
5. 47710
6. R···2G·S
7. ˱of˲ you
8. ˱of˲ you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56922
1. χάρακα
2. χarax
3. +a palisade
4. palisade
5. 54820
6. N····AMS
7. ˓a˒ palisade
8. ˓a˒ palisade
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56923
1. σοί
2. su
3. to you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2D·S
7. ˱to˲ you
8. ˱to˲ you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56924
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56925
1. περικυκλώσουσιν
2. perikukloō
3. they will be surrounding
4. surround
5. 40330
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ surrounding
8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ surrounding
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56926
1. περικύκλωσιν
2. perikukloō
3. -
4. -
5. 40330
6. VSPA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ surrounding
8. ˱they˲ ˓may_be˒ surrounding
9. -
10. -
11. 56927
1. σέ
2. su
3. you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56928
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56929
1. συνέξουσιν
2. suneχō
3. they will be pressing
4. -
5. 49120
6. VIFA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ pressing
8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ pressing
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56930
1. σέ
2. su
3. you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56931
1. πάντοθεν
2. pantothen
3. on every side
4. every side
5. 38400
6. D·······
7. on_every_side
8. on_every_side
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56932

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 19:28–44: Jesus approached Jerusalem

As Jesus approached Jerusalem in this section, his many disciples were very excited. He came riding on a donkey. This fulfilled the prophecy in Zechariah 9:9 that he would come as a gentle, humble king. The crowd of disciples praised him in a way that showed that they were welcoming him as their king (19:38). They believed that he was the Messiah whom the Jews had been awaiting for many generations.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it. Some other examples of headings for this section are:

Jesus’ Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (NRSV)

Many people celebrate as Jesus enters Jerusalem

People of Jerusalem greeted Jesus as king

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 21:1–11, Mark 11:1–11, and John 12:12–19.

19:43–44

These verses describe a siege, where an army surrounds a city that has walls around it. When the army surrounds the city, the people cannot go out of it, and no one can go in to help them. Jesus predicted that this would happen to Jerusalem in the future, and it did happen. In A.D. 70 the Roman army surrounded Jerusalem and killed many people there.

19:43a

For the days will come upon you

After this, a time of trouble will come to/against you^(sing).
This is terrible because in the future tragic things are going to happen to you^(plur):

For: In Greek, this verse begins with a conjunction that the BSB translates as For. It connects 19:43–44 to 19:42a. Verse 43 describes the things that would happen to Jerusalem, and those things are the reason why Jesus wept in 19:41b. Many English versions do not have a conjunction here.

In many languages, a simple conjunction such as “for” or “because” may not make the connection clear. If this is true in your language, you may need to make the connection more explicit. You may be able to repeat words or phrases that you used in 19:42a. For example:

It is tragic that you did not know, because the days will come

I wish that you had known, because the days will come

the days will come upon you: Here Jesus introduced what would happen to Jerusalem in the future. Other ways to translate it are:

In the future

Before long (NLT)

At a future time this is what will happen to you^(sing):

The phrase upon you implies that the future events will be bad or difficult. In some languages it may be natural to make this explicit here. For example:

You will soon endure a time when…

19:43b

when your enemies will barricade you

At that time, your^(sing) enemies will build a wall around you^(sing),
Your^(plur) enemies will build a barricade around you^(plur).

when your enemies will barricade you: The Greek word that the BSB translates as barricade refers here to some type of wall or barrier. Such a wall was usually built on a large ridge or mound of dirt and stones. Sometimes it had stakes with sharp points on top of it.

In this context Jesus indicated that enemies would build a large wall/barrier around the city of Jerusalem so that no one could leave or enter the city without their permission. Then they would attack the city from behind the wall.In the historical realization of this prophecy, the Romans first built four embankments made of earth and timber from which they attacked the city walls. After these proved vulnerable to burning by the Jews, the Romans constructed a wall of stone around the city that measured 39 furlongs (about 7 kilometers).

In your translation it may be helpful to describe the wall according to its purpose. For example:

build a wall/barricade around you to put you under siege

build a wall/barrier to trap you in your city and from which to attack you

build a wall to surround you and close you in on every side (GW)

19:43c

and surround you

camp around you^(sing) in a circle,
They will completely surround you^(plur) so that no one can go in and out of your^(plur) city.

surround you: The idea of encircling or surrounding the city implies that the city would be put under siege. The surrounding army would not let anyone leave or enter the city. This would prevent the city from getting supplies of food and weapons. If you have not already made the idea of a siege explicit, you could do it here:

will encircle/surround you to put you under siege

will surround you so that you cannot go out

Because the idea of encircling is implicit in the idea of a siege, it is also possible to simply say:

to blockade/trap you

to put you under siege

19:43d

and hem you in on every side.

and press in on you^(sing) from every direction.
They will move in closer and closer and attack you^(plur) from all sides.

hem you in on every side: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as hem you in on every side indicates that the army that surrounded the city will keep moving toward it from every direction. They will press the attack against the city from all sides. Some ways to translate this could be:

press in on you from all sides

press the attack in upon you from every side

attack you from every direction

General Comment on 19:43b–d

Jesus stated three actions in 19:43b–d that together describe a siege:

build a wall around you;
encircle you;
hem you in on every side.

As you translate, consider all three of these actions together, since the meanings are similar. For example, the idea of encircling or surrounding the city (b) is implied in (a) and (c). It is recommended that you make the idea of a siege explicit somewhere in your translation of these three phrases. You may also change the order of the phrases if that would be more natural in your language. Some ways to translate it are:

Your enemies will build a wall around/against you. They will surround you so no one can go in or out of your city. Then they will press in on you from all sides.

Your enemies will encircle/surround you and build a wall around you to put you under siege. They will attack you from every side.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

ὅτι

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὅτι ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπί σέ καί περιβαλοῦσιν οἱ ἐχθροί σοῦ χάρακα σοί καί περικυκλώσουσιν σέ καί συνέξουσιν σέ πάντοθεν)

Jesus uses the word For to introduce the reason why he wishes the people of Jerusalem had known “the things toward peace,” as he said in the previous verse. Because they have not known them, their city will be surrounded by armies and destroyed. Alternate translation: [I wish you had known those things because]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπὶ σὲ

˓will_be˒_coming days (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ὅτι ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπί σέ καί περιβαλοῦσιν οἱ ἐχθροί σοῦ χάρακα σοί καί περικυκλώσουσιν σέ καί συνέξουσιν σέ πάντοθεν)

This is an idiom that indicates that the people of Jerusalem will experience difficult times. If your language do not say that a particular time will come, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [you are going to experience difficult times]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἡμέραι

days

Jesus is using the term days to refer to specific times. Alternate translation: [times]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / you

σὲ & σου & σοι & σε & σε

The words you and your are singular because Jesus is speaking to the city. But if you decided to say “you people” in [19:42](../19/42.md), you could use the plural forms of you and your.

Note 5 topic: translate-unknown

χάρακά

The term barricade refers to a wooden wall with pointed stakes at the top that the enemies would make to keep people from getting out of the city. Your language may have a term for an enclosure like this. If not, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [a palisade] or [a fence]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Because
2. -
3. 37540
4. S
5. hoti
6. C-·······
7. because
8. because
9. S
10. Y33
11. 56910
1. days
2. -
3. 22500
5. hēmera
6. N-····NFP
7. days
8. days
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56912
1. will be coming
2. -
3. 22400
5. ēkō
6. V-IFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ coming
8. ˓will_be˒ coming
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56911
1. on
2. -
3. 19090
5. epi
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56915
1. you
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56916
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56917
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56920
1. enemies
2. enemies
3. 21900
5. eχthros
6. S-····NMP
7. enemies
8. enemies
9. -
10. Y33; F56944
11. 56921
1. of you
2. your
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2G·S
7. ˱of˲ you
8. ˱of˲ you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56922
1. will be throwing around
2. around
3. 40160
5. periballō
6. V-IFA3··P
7. ˓will_be˒ throwing_around
8. ˓will_be˒ throwing_around
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56919
1. +a palisade
2. palisade
3. 54820
5. χarax
6. N-····AMS
7. ˓a˒ palisade
8. ˓a˒ palisade
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56923
1. to you
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2D·S
7. ˱to˲ you
8. ˱to˲ you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56924
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56925
1. they will be surrounding
2. surround
3. 40330
5. perikukloō
6. V-IFA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ surrounding
8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ surrounding
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56926
1. you
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56928
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56929
1. they will be pressing
2. -
3. 49120
5. suneχō
6. V-IFA3··P
7. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ pressing
8. ˱they˲ ˓will_be˒ pressing
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56930
1. you
2. -
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2A·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56931
1. on every side
2. every side
3. 38400
5. pantothen
6. D-·······
7. on_every_side
8. on_every_side
9. -
10. Y33
11. 56932

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear LUKE 19:43

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)