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In this section, Jesus gave various instructions to the twelve apostles. In 10:5–15, he gave them some practical instructions for preaching the good news. In 10:16–33, he described the opposition that they would see when they went out. Lastly, in 10:34–42, he described the commitment required to be a disciple and the reward for being a disciple.
You may want to break this long section into several shorter sections. Here is an example:
Section 10:5–15 | The things the apostles should/must do when sent |
Section 10:16–33 | The difficulties the apostles will face |
Section 10:34–42 | The cost and reward of following Jesus |
Here are some other possible headings for this section:
Jesus gave directions/instructions to the twelve apostles for preaching the gospel
The Mission of the Twelve (GNT)
Instructions for the Twelve Apostles (CEV)
A disciple is not above his teacher,
¶ “No student is greater than his teacher,
¶ “A pupil is not more important than his teacher.
A disciple is not above his teacher: Here the word disciple refers to disciples or students in general. It does not refer only to Jesus’ disciples. Some English versions translate this word as “student” or “pupil.”
The word above is used in this context to refer to something greater in importance. Students are not more important than their teachers.
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
No pupil is greater than his teacher (GNT)
A student is not better than his teacher (NCV)
A student is not more important/honored than his teacher.
nor a servant above his master.
and no slave is greater than his owner.
A servant is not more important than his boss/master.
nor a servant above his master: This clause means that a servant/slave is not more important than his master. This clause is similar in meaning to the clause in 10:24a.
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
no slave is greater than his master (GNT)
and a servant is not better than his master (NCV)
servant: The Greek word that the BSB translates as servant is often translated as “slave.” But the difference between a “slave” and a “servant” is not important here. It refers to someone who serves or works for another person. For example:
worker/laborer
one who serves
master: This word refers to the person who owns the slave, or the person who rules the servant.
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
boss/owner
one who rules
Note 1 topic: writing-proverbs
οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ
not (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὐκ ἐστίν Μαθητής ὑπέρ τόν διδάσκαλον οὐδέ δοῦλος ὑπέρ τόν κύριον αὐτοῦ)
Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that no disciple is above his or her teacher, and no slave is above his or her master. He applies this proverb to his disciples to show them that people will not treat them any better than they treated Jesus. Translate this proverb in such a way that it will be recognized as a proverb and will be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: [Disciples are not above their teachers, and slaves are not above their masters] or [No disciple is above his teacher. No slave is above his master]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
(Occurrence -1) ὑπὲρ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὐκ ἐστίν Μαθητής ὑπέρ τόν διδάσκαλον οὐδέ δοῦλος ὑπέρ τόν κύριον αὐτοῦ)
Jesus is speaking of people who have more honor and importance than others as if they were above the others. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a comparable word or phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [more honorable than … more honorable than] or [more significant than … more significant than]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations
τὸν & αὐτοῦ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὐκ ἐστίν Μαθητής ὑπέρ τόν διδάσκαλον οὐδέ δοῦλος ὑπέρ τόν κύριον αὐτοῦ)
Although the term his is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: [his or her … his or her]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis
οὐδὲ δοῦλος
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὐκ ἐστίν Μαθητής ὑπέρ τόν διδάσκαλον οὐδέ δοῦλος ὑπέρ τόν κύριον αὐτοῦ)
Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [nor is a slave]
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.
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