ROM 2:9 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Θλῖψις
2. thlipsis
3. Tribulation
4. -
5. 23470
6. N····NFS
7. tribulation
8. tribulation
9. S
10. Y60
11. 105836
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105837
1. στενοχωρία
2. stenoχōria
3. distress
4. distress
5. 47300
6. N····NFS
7. distress
8. distress
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105838
1. ἐπί
2. epi
3. on
4. -
5. 19090
6. P·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105839
1. πασᾶν
2. pas
3. every
4. every
5. 39560
6. E····AFS
7. every
8. every
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105840
1. ψυχήν
2. psuχē
3. soul
4. -
5. 55900
6. N····AFS
7. soul
8. soul
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105841
1. ἀνθρώπου
2. anthrōpos
3. of human origin
4. -
5. 4440
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ human_origin
8. ˱of˲ human_origin
9. -
10. Y60; F105844
11. 105842
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. which
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····GMS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105843
1. κατεργαζομένου
2. katergazomai
3. producing
4. -
5. 27160
6. VPPM·GMS
7. producing
8. producing
9. -
10. Y60; R105842
11. 105844
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105845
1. κακόν
2. kakos
3. evil
4. evil
5. 25560
6. S····ANS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105846
1. Ἰουδαίου
2. ioudaios
3. of Youdaios
4. -
5. 24530
6. S····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Youdaios
8. ˱of˲ Jew
9. U
10. Y60
11. 105847
1. τέ
2. te
3. both
4. -
5. 50370
6. C·······
7. both
8. both
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105848
1. πρῶτον
2. prōton
3. first
4. first
5. 44120
6. D·······
7. first
8. first
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105849
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105850
1. Ἕλληνος
2. Hellēn
3. of Hellaʸn
4. -
5. 16720
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Hellaʸn
8. ˱of˲ Greek
9. U
10. Y60
11. 105851

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:1–16: The unbelieving hypocrite must change his thinking

In all of chapter two, Paul wrote as if to someone who disagreed with him. He used the singular “you” throughout the chapter. This form of teaching is called a “diatribe.” Only one person is talking (or writing), but it is as if two people are talking back and forth, asking and answering questions, making objections and responding. Using this diatribe, Paul rebuked those who judged others improperly. The person whom Paul spoke to here was not a believer. His evil deeds store up God’s wrath against him (2:5), and his sins will cause him to perish (2:12).

In this section, Paul addressed someone who judged others as bad but did the same things (2:1). God would punish such a person (2:2–3); it is according to what a person has done (2:6–11) and according to the knowledge of God that a person has (2:12–15).

Here are other possible headings for this section:

The person who does not believe and judges other people as bad yet does the same things

Hypocritical people who do not believe in Jesus

2:9a

There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil,

God will oppress and trouble every person who does evil deeds,
God will cause all people who live doing bad/evil deeds to suffer and feel distress/anxious.

There will be trouble and distress for: The Greek is literally “tribulation and distress on.” The BSB and many English versions add the words There will be to make the English natural.

The context probably implies the words “he will give” again from 2:7c. For example:

He will give trouble and suffering to (NCV)

trouble: The Greek word refers to oppression, suffering, or persecution. God will cause all people who do evil to suffer.

distress: This word refers to difficulties or troubles that people experience. God’s punishment will be very difficult for these evil people.

who does evil: The word does indicates doing evil often. For example:

who lives doing evil

who practices evil deeds

does evil: This phrase refers to bad behavior. It includes not only treating others in unfair ways but also living in morally bad ways. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

are wicked (CEV)

is a wrongdoer (REB)

do badYakan Back Translation on TW.

2:9b

first for the Jew, then for the Greek;

first priority being the Jews but also the non-Jews.
This is true especially for Jews, but also for people who are not Jews.

first for the Jew, then for the Greek: This indicates that God will punish both Jews and Greeks. It also indicates that the Jews are first in status or time. The Jews are God’s people (higher status) but God will still judge them for their sins.Cranfield (page 150). Or it could mean that on the day of judgment, God will judge the Jews first.Jewett (page 208).

In some languages, a literal translation would wrongly indicate two separate judgments. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate the literal meaning and allow other verses to indicate the correct meaning.
Translate the literal meaning and explain it in a footnote. Here is an example footnote:
These words indicate that either (1) The Jews have higher status as God’s people but God will still judge them for their sins; or (2) On the day of judgment, God will judge the Jews first.
Translate the meaning of the figure of speech. For example:
especially the Jews but so also the GentilesKankanaey Back Translation on TW.

Greek: Here this word refers to people who are not Jews. For example:

Gentile (NIV)

those who are not Jews (NCV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία, ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Θλῖψις καί στενοχωρία ἐπί πασᾶν ψυχήν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τό κακόν Ἰουδαίου τέ πρῶτον καί Ἕλληνος)

Paul speaks of Tribulation and distress as if these ideas were located on top of a person. He means that every evil person will experience Tribulation and distress. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Every human soul that produces the evil will experience tribulation and distress]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of Tribulation and distress, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [Difficult and distressing times]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία

These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how intense God’s judgment will be against these people. If your language does not use repetition in this way, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: [Distressing tribulation] or [Intense distress]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ἀνθρώπου

Paul uses soul of man to refer to the whole life of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [every human being]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

ἀνθρώπου

˱of˲_human_origin

Although the term man is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: [of a person]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

τὸ κακόν

Paul is using the adjective evil as a noun in order to describe things people do. If your language does not use adjectives in the same way, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: [what is evil] or [things that are evil]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Ἰουδαίου τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνος

˱of˲_Jew (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Θλῖψις καί στενοχωρία ἐπί πασᾶν ψυχήν ἀνθρώπου τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τό κακόν Ἰουδαίου τέ πρῶτον καί Ἕλληνος)

This phrase could mean: (1) the Jews will have greater responsibility because God offered salvation to them first. Alternate translation: [especially for the Jewish person and also for the non-Jewish person] (2) the Jews will be judged before non-Jews, which is the same meaning as in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: [first for the Jewish person and then for the non-Jewish person]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

Ἕλληνος

˱of˲_Greek

See how you translated this phrase in [1:16](../01/16.md).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Tribulation
2. -
3. 23470
4. S
5. thlipsis
6. N-····NFS
7. tribulation
8. tribulation
9. S
10. Y60
11. 105836
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105837
1. distress
2. distress
3. 47300
5. stenoχōria
6. N-····NFS
7. distress
8. distress
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105838
1. on
2. -
3. 19090
5. epi
6. P-·······
7. on
8. on
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105839
1. every
2. every
3. 39560
5. pas
6. E-····AFS
7. every
8. every
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105840
1. soul
2. -
3. 55900
5. psuχē
6. N-····AFS
7. soul
8. soul
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105841
1. of human origin
2. -
3. 4440
5. anthrōpos
6. N-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ human_origin
8. ˱of˲ human_origin
9. -
10. Y60; F105844
11. 105842
1. which
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····GMS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105843
1. producing
2. -
3. 27160
5. katergazomai
6. V-PPM·GMS
7. producing
8. producing
9. -
10. Y60; R105842
11. 105844
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105845
1. evil
2. evil
3. 25560
5. kakos
6. S-····ANS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105846
1. of Youdaios
2. -
3. 24530
4. U
5. ioudaios
6. S-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Youdaios
8. ˱of˲ Jew
9. U
10. Y60
11. 105847
1. both
2. -
3. 50370
5. te
6. C-·······
7. both
8. both
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105848
1. first
2. first
3. 44120
5. prōton
6. D-·······
7. first
8. first
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105849
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105850
1. of Hellaʸn
2. -
3. 16720
4. U
5. Hellēn
6. N-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ Hellaʸn
8. ˱of˲ Greek
9. U
10. Y60
11. 105851

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 2:9

SR Greek word order

Section 2:1–16: The unbelieving hypocrite must change his thinking

2:9a

2:9b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)