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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) [ref]to shine on those in darkness and sitting in the shadow of death;
⇔ to guide us onto the road of peace.”
OET-LV to_shine_upon upon_the ones in darkness and sitting in_the_shadow of_death, which to_direct the feet of_us into the_way of_peace.
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SR-GNT ‘ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις’, τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.” ‡
(‘epifanai tois en skotei kai skia thanatou kathaʸmenois’, tou kateuthunai tous podas haʸmōn eis hodon eiraʸnaʸs.”)
Key: khaki:verbs, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT to shine on the ones sitting in darkness and a shadow of death; to guide our feet into a path of peace.”
UST This Savior will show the truth to those who do not know it, even to those who do not know it at all. He will show us how to live in a way that pleases God.”
BSB to shine on those who live in darkness
⇔ and in [the] shadow of death,
⇔ to guide our feet
⇔ into [the] path of peace.”
MSB (Same as BSB above)
BLB to shine upon those sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death, to direct our feet into the way of peace."
AICNT to {appear}[fn] to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
1:79, appear: D(05) reads “reveal light.”
OEB to give light to those who live in darkness and the shadow of death,
⇔ and guide our feet into the way of peace.’
WEBBE to shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death;
⇔ to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
WMBB (Same as above)
NET to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,
⇔ to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
LSV To give light to those sitting in darkness and death-shade,
To guide our feet to a way of peace.”
FBV to shine on those who live in darkness and under the shadow of death, and to guide us along the path of peace.”
TCNT to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,
⇔ to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
T4T People who do not know God [MET] are like those who sit in the darkness.
⇔ They are afraid [MTY] that they will soon die.
⇔ But when the Messiah tells us God’s message,
⇔ it will be like causing such people to see a bright light.
⇔ He will guide us [SYN] so that we will be living peacefully.”
LEB • to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to direct our feet into the way of peace.”
BBE To give light to those in dark places, and in the shade of death, so that our feet may be guided into the way of peace.
Moff to shine on those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,
⇔ to guide our steps into the way of peace."
Wymth Dawning on those who now dwell in the darkness and shadow of death—To direct our feet into the path of peace."
ASV To shine upon them that sit in darkness and the shadow of death;
⇔ To guide our feet into the way of peace.
DRA To enlighten them that sit in darkness, and in the shadow of death: to direct our feet into the way of peace.
YLT To give light to those sitting in darkness and death-shade, To guide our feet to a way of peace.'
Drby to shine upon them who were sitting in darkness and in [the] shadow of death, to guide our feet into [the] way of peace.
RV To shine upon them that sit in darkness and the shadow of death; To guide our feet into the way of peace.
SLT To shine forth to those in darkness and sitting in the shadow of death, to direct our feet in the way of peace.
Wbstr To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shades of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
KJB-1769 To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
KJB-1611 To giue light to them that sit in darknes, and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
(To give light to them that sit in darknes, and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.)
Bshps To geue lyght to them that sitte in darknesse, and in the shadowe of death, to guide our feete into the way of peace.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from marking of added words (and possibly capitalisation and punctuation))
Gnva To giue light to them that sit in darknes, and in the shadow of death, and to guide our feete into the way of peace.
(To give light to them that sit in darknes, and in the shadow of death, and to guide our feet into the way of peace. )
Cvdl That he might geue light vnto them yt syt in darcknesse and shadowe of death, and to gyde oure fete in to the waye of peace.
(That he might give light unto them it sit in darkness and shadow of death, and to guide our feet in to the way of peace.)
TNT To geve light to the that sate in darcknes and in shadowe of deth and to gyde oure fete into the waye of peace.
(To give light to the that sat in darkness and in shadow of death and to guide our feet into the way of peace. )
Wycl To yyue liyt to hem that sitten in derknessis and in schadewe of deeth; to dresse oure feet in to the weie of pees.
(To give light to hem that sit in darkness and in shadow of death; to dress our feet in to the way of peace.)
Luth auf daß er erscheine denen, die da sitzen in Finsternis und Schatten des Todes und richte unsere Füße auf den Weg des Friedens.
(on/in/to that he appear those, the there sit in darkness and shadow/shade the death and judge(v) our feet on/in/to the way/path/road the peaces.)
ClVg illuminare his qui in tenebris et in umbra mortis sedent: ad dirigendos pedes nostros in viam pacis.][fn]
(to_illuminate his who/which in/into/on darkness and in/into/on shadow of_death sedent: to directndos feet ours in/into/on way/road of_peace.] )
1.79 Ad dirigendos pedes nostros in viam pacis. Puer autem crescebat, etc. Ut per omnia gressus nostrorum operum illuminatoris nostri gratiæ concordent, donec ad mansionem perpetuæ pacis intremus.
1.79 To directndos feet ours in/into/on way/road of_peace. Puer however crescebat, etc. As through everything steps of_ours works illuminatoris our thanks concordent, until to residencem perpetuæ of_peace meanwhileus.
UGNT ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις; τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.
(epifanai tois en skotei kai skia thanatou kathaʸmenois; tou kateuthunai tous podas haʸmōn eis hodon eiraʸnaʸs.)
SBL-GNT ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις, τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.
(epifanai tois en skotei kai skia thanatou kathaʸmenois, tou kateuthunai tous podas haʸmōn eis hodon eiraʸnaʸs.)
RP-GNT ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις, τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.
(epifanai tois en skotei kai skia thanatou kathaʸmenois, tou kateuthunai tous podas haʸmōn eis hodon eiraʸnaʸs.)
TC-GNT ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις,
⇔ τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης.
(epifanai tois en skotei kai skia thanatou kathaʸmenois,
⇔ tou kateuthunai tous podas haʸmōn eis hodon eiraʸnaʸs. )
Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs (from our SR-GNT base).
1:67-79 This second hymn of the birth narrative is called the Benedictus (“Blessed” or “Praise”), from the first word of the Latin translation. The hymn expects God’s Messiah to deliver the Israelites from their enemies. Salvation entails physical deliverance and forgiveness of sins (1:77).
In this section the Holy Spirit gave Zechariah insight, and Zechariah spoke the message in 1:68–79. Some scholars call the message a song because it praises God and is similar to some of the psalms, which people often sang. In the message, Zechariah praised God for keeping his promises by sending the Messiah, who would deliver Israel (1:68–75). He also prophesied that his son, John, would prepare people for the Messiah (1:76–79). John grew up (1:80) and fulfilled this prophecy.
Many verbs in 1:68–79 are in the past tense. But Zechariah was not talking only about the past. He talked about what God was doing at that time and what he would continue to do through the Messiah and through John. If possible, use verb forms that do not refer only to past events.
The phrases in Zechariah’s prophecy are similar to phrases in the Old Testament Scriptures. Almost every clause is similar to a verse in the Old Testament. However, none are so similar that it is clear that Zechariah is quoting a certain verse. You may want to include cross-references to some of the similar verses. They will be mentioned in the Notes.
For your translation of 1:68–79, you may want to write the clauses of this song on separate lines, as poetry. For an example, see 1:68–79 in the BSB, NIV, or GNT. In Greek, 1:68–79 is phrased as two long sentences. Most modern English versions use more and shorter sentences. The Notes will give suggestions about sentence breaks. Remember that there may be special phrases in your language that are appropriate for poetry, even if they are not used in ordinary conversation.
In this section Zechariah did not speak about events in the order in which they happened. In some languages it may be necessary to change the order of the clauses to make the sequence of events clear. For example, here is a possible way to begin this section in some languages:
68aPraise be to the Lord the God of Israel!
73Long ago he swore an oath to our father Abraham.
74aHe promised to rescue us from the hand of our enemies…
Some other possible headings for this section are:
Zechariah praised God and prophesied about John
Zechariah praised God for the Messiah who would save Israel
Zechariah’s prophecy
Zechariah’s song of praise to God
to shine on those who live in darkness
to shine on those people who are living in darkness
He will help/bless those who are living in gloom and distress,
to shine on those who live in darkness: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as to shine on means “to appear to” or “to give light to.” This part of the verse continues the figure of speech in 1:78b. The sun rises and brings light to places that were dark. In the same way, the Messiah would bless or help people who were living in spiritual darkness. So another way to translate this is:
to bless/help people living in spiritual darkness
Darkness and light are a common figure of speech in the Bible. The word darkness can be used to refer to sin, separation from God, lack of spiritual understanding, ignorance, and unbelief. In some languages it may be helpful to include a footnote about this. For example, the TRT suggests this footnote:
Darkness represents sin, evil, spiritual blindness/ignorance, unbelief, hopeless despair, and separation from God (who is light; 1 John 1:5). Compare Ephesians 5:8.
and in the shadow of death,
and are threatened by death.
who are afraid and distressed as they think of dying.
and in the shadow of death: The phrase the shadow of death is another figure of speech. It refers to people who are troubled and grieved as they think about death.
These are the same people as those described as “living in darkness.” Zechariah was describing them in a different way. These were people who knew that they and others would have to die, and they were troubled, grieved, and afraid.
Another way to express the images of 1:78b–1:79b is:
As the rising sun dispels darkness, so the Lord/Messiah will come from God to help those who live in spiritual darkness and fear of death.
to guide our feet into the path of peace.”
He will do this to guide us(incl) into the way of peace with God.”
He will do this in order to guide/lead us(incl) so we can live peacefully with God and one another.”
to guide our feet into the path of peace: The expression to guide our feet into the path of peace is a figure of speech. In this context, the path of peace has a similar meaning to “salvation” in 1:71a–b and 1:77. In this context Zechariah implied that the Messiah would save his people and enable them to live in peace and well-being.
In 1:71 Zechariah mentioned salvation from enemies. In 1:77 he mentioned salvation through God forgiving people’s sins. Try to translate peace here in a way that could describe this type of freedom or salvation from both enemies and sins.
He will guide us into the way of peace. (GW)
He will show us how to live in harmony/rest.
He will save us so that we can live in peace/wholeness.
peace: In Jewish culture the word peace has a very broad meaning. It describes a situation of well-being that can include safety, wholeness, health, and prosperity. It often describes harmony and friendship between God and people or between individuals or groups of people. This harmony is in contrast to war, hostility, or conflict.
Some other ways to translate peace here are:
harmony
freedom
In English the word peace is a noun. In some languages it may be more natural to translate peace with a verb or in another way. For example:
be whole/free/peaceful
live peacefully/well
See peace, Meaning 6, in the Glossary.
This is the end of Zechariah’s prophecy. Try to make this clear in your translation.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς & καθημένοις
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
As in [1:78](../01/78.md), light represents truth. Just as Zechariah described the Savior as like a sunrise in that verse, here he is describing the spiritual truth that the Savior will bring as if it will light up the earth. Alternate translation: [to show the truth to people who are]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις
˱upon˲_the_‹ones› in darkness (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
Here sitting in a place is an idiom that means to be in that place. Alternate translation: [on people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις
˱upon˲_the_‹ones› in darkness (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
The shadow of death is an idiom that describes deep darkness. Alternate translation: [on people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις
˱upon˲_the_‹ones› in darkness (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
Since light represents truth, darkness represents the absence of spiritual truth. Alternate translation: [on people who do not know the truth, who do not know it at all]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet
τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις
˱upon˲_the_‹ones› in darkness (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness that people are in before God shows them mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine the phrases. Alternate translation: [on people who do not know the truth at all]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης
˓to˒_direct (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
Zechariah is using the word guide to mean “teach,” and the expression a path of peace to represent living at peace with God. Alternate translation: [to teach us how to live at peace with God]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης
˓to˒_direct (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)
Zechariah is using the term feet to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: [to teach us how to live at peace with God]