LUKE 1:79 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἐπιφᾶναι
2. epifainō
3. to shine upon
4. shine
5. 20140
6. VNAA····
7. ˓to˒ shine_upon
8. ˓to˒ shine_upon
9. b
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38589
1. φῶς
2. fōs
3. -
4. -
5. 54570
6. N····NNS
7. light
8. light
9. -
10. -
11. 38590
1. τοῖς
2. ho
3. upon the ones
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····DMP
7. ˱upon˲ the ‹ones›
8. ˱upon˲ the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38591
1. ἐν
2. en
3. in
4. -
5. 17220
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38592
1. σκότει
2. skotos
3. darkness
4. darkness
5. 46550
6. N····DNS
7. darkness
8. darkness
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38593
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. and
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38594
1. σκιᾷ
2. skia
3. in +the shadow
4. shadow
5. 46390
6. N····DFS
7. ˱in˲ ˓the˒ shadow
8. ˱in˲ ˓the˒ shadow
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38595
1. θανάτου
2. thanatos
3. of death
4. death
5. 22880
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ death
8. ˱of˲ death
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38596
1. καθημένοις
2. kathēmai
3. sitting
4. sitting
5. 25210
6. VPPM·DMP
7. sitting
8. sitting
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38597
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. which
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····GNS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38598
1. κατευθῦναι
2. kateuthunō
3. to direct
4. -
5. 27200
6. VNAA····
7. ˓to˒ direct
8. ˓to˒ direct
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist; R38586
11. 38599
1. τούς
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38600
1. πόδας
2. pous
3. feet
4. -
5. 42280
6. N····AMP
7. feet
8. feet
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38601
1. ἡμῶν
2. egō
3. of us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist; R38435; Person=Zacharias; R38297; R38549; R38568
11. 38602
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. into
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. into
8. into
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38603
1. ὁδόν
2. hodos
3. +the way
4. -
5. 35980
6. N····AFS
7. ˓the˒ way
8. ˓the˒ way
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38604
1. εἰρήνης
2. eirēnē
3. of peace
4. peace
5. 15150
6. N····GFS
7. ˱of˲ peace
8. ˱of˲ peace
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38605

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:67–80: Zechariah prophesied and praised God

In this section the Holy Spirit gave Zechariah insight, and Zechariah spoke the message in 1:68–79. Some scholars call the message a song because it praises God and is similar to some of the psalms, which people often sang. In the message, Zechariah praised God for keeping his promises by sending the Messiah, who would deliver Israel (1:68–75). He also prophesied that his son, John, would prepare people for the Messiah (1:76–79). John grew up (1:80) and fulfilled this prophecy.

Many verbs in 1:68–79 are in the past tense. But Zechariah was not talking only about the past. He talked about what God was doing at that time and what he would continue to do through the Messiah and through John. If possible, use verb forms that do not refer only to past events.

The phrases in Zechariah’s prophecy are similar to phrases in the Old Testament Scriptures. Almost every clause is similar to a verse in the Old Testament. However, none are so similar that it is clear that Zechariah is quoting a certain verse. You may want to include cross-references to some of the similar verses. They will be mentioned in the Notes.

For your translation of 1:68–79, you may want to write the clauses of this song on separate lines, as poetry. For an example, see 1:68–79 in the BSB, NIV, or GNT. In Greek, 1:68–79 is phrased as two long sentences. Most modern English versions use more and shorter sentences. The Notes will give suggestions about sentence breaks. Remember that there may be special phrases in your language that are appropriate for poetry, even if they are not used in ordinary conversation.

In this section Zechariah did not speak about events in the order in which they happened. In some languages it may be necessary to change the order of the clauses to make the sequence of events clear. For example, here is a possible way to begin this section in some languages:

^68aPraise be to the Lord the God of Israel!

⁷³Long ago he swore an oath to our father Abraham.

^74aHe promised to rescue us from the hand of our enemies…

Some other possible headings for this section are:

Zechariah praised God and prophesied about John

Zechariah praised God for the Messiah who would save Israel

Zechariah’s prophecy

Zechariah’s song of praise to God

1:79a

to shine on those who live in darkness

to shine on those people who are living in darkness
He will help/bless those who are living in gloom and distress,

to shine on those who live in darkness: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as to shine on means “to appear to” or “to give light to.” This part of the verse continues the figure of speech in 1:78b. The sun rises and brings light to places that were dark. In the same way, the Messiah would bless or help people who were living in spiritual darkness. So another way to translate this is:

to bless/help people living in spiritual darkness

Darkness and light are a common figure of speech in the Bible. The word darkness can be used to refer to sin, separation from God, lack of spiritual understanding, ignorance, and unbelief. In some languages it may be helpful to include a footnote about this. For example, the TRT suggests this footnote:

Darkness represents sin, evil, spiritual blindness/ignorance, unbelief, hopeless despair, and separation from God (who is light; 1 John 1:5). Compare Ephesians 5:8.

1:79b

and in the shadow of death,

and are threatened by death.
who are afraid and distressed as they think of dying.

and in the shadow of death: The phrase the shadow of death is another figure of speech. It refers to people who are troubled and grieved as they think about death.

These are the same people as those described as “living in darkness.” Zechariah was describing them in a different way. These were people who knew that they and others would have to die, and they were troubled, grieved, and afraid.

General Comment on 1:78b–79b

Another way to express the images of 1:78b–1:79b is:

As the rising sun dispels darkness, so the Lord/Messiah will come from God to help those who live in spiritual darkness and fear of death.

1:79c

to guide our feet into the path of peace.”

He will do this to guide us^(incl) into the way of peace with God.”
He will do this in order to guide/lead us^(incl) so we can live peacefully with God and one another.”

to guide our feet into the path of peace: The expression to guide our feet into the path of peace is a figure of speech. In this context, the path of peace has a similar meaning to “salvation” in 1:71a–b and 1:77. In this context Zechariah implied that the Messiah would save his people and enable them to live in peace and well-being.

In 1:71 Zechariah mentioned salvation from enemies. In 1:77 he mentioned salvation through God forgiving people’s sins. Try to translate peace here in a way that could describe this type of freedom or salvation from both enemies and sins.

He will guide us into the way of peace. (GW)

He will show us how to live in harmony/rest.

He will save us so that we can live in peace/wholeness.

peace: In Jewish culture the word peace has a very broad meaning. It describes a situation of well-being that can include safety, wholeness, health, and prosperity. It often describes harmony and friendship between God and people or between individuals or groups of people. This harmony is in contrast to war, hostility, or conflict.

Some other ways to translate peace here are:

harmony

freedom

In English the word peace is a noun. In some languages it may be more natural to translate peace with a verb or in another way. For example:

be whole/free/peaceful

live peacefully/well

See peace, Meaning 6, in the Glossary.

General Comment on 1:79c

This is the end of Zechariah’s prophecy. Try to make this clear in your translation.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς & καθημένοις

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)

As in [1:78](../01/78.md), light represents truth. Just as Zechariah described the Savior as like a sunrise in that verse, here he is describing the spiritual truth that the Savior will bring as if it will light up the earth. Alternate translation: [to show the truth to people who are]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις

˱upon˲_the_‹ones› in darkness (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)

Here sitting in a place is an idiom that means to be in that place. Alternate translation: [on people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις

The shadow of death is an idiom that describes deep darkness. Alternate translation: [on people who are in darkness, yes, even in deep darkness]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις

Since light represents truth, darkness represents the absence of spiritual truth. Alternate translation: [on people who do not know the truth, who do not know it at all]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις

These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness that people are in before God shows them mercy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine the phrases. Alternate translation: [on people who do not know the truth at all]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης

˓to˒_direct (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐπιφᾶναι τοῖς ἐν σκότει καί σκιᾷ θανάτου καθημένοις τοῦ κατευθῦναι τούς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδόν εἰρήνης)

Zechariah is using the word guide to mean “teach,” and the expression a path of peace to represent living at peace with God. Alternate translation: [to teach us how to live at peace with God]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης

Zechariah is using the term feet to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: [to teach us how to live at peace with God]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. to shine upon
2. shine
3. 20140
4. b
5. epifainō
6. V-NAA····
7. ˓to˒ shine_upon
8. ˓to˒ shine_upon
9. b
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38589
1. upon the ones
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····DMP
7. ˱upon˲ the ‹ones›
8. ˱upon˲ the ‹ones›
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38591
1. in
2. -
3. 17220
5. en
6. P-·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38592
1. darkness
2. darkness
3. 46550
5. skotos
6. N-····DNS
7. darkness
8. darkness
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38593
1. and
2. and
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38594
1. sitting
2. sitting
3. 25210
5. kathēmai
6. V-PPM·DMP
7. sitting
8. sitting
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38597
1. in +the shadow
2. shadow
3. 46390
5. skia
6. N-····DFS
7. ˱in˲ ˓the˒ shadow
8. ˱in˲ ˓the˒ shadow
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38595
1. of death
2. death
3. 22880
5. thanatos
6. N-····GMS
7. ˱of˲ death
8. ˱of˲ death
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38596
1. which
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····GNS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38598
1. to direct
2. -
3. 27200
5. kateuthunō
6. V-NAA····
7. ˓to˒ direct
8. ˓to˒ direct
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist; R38586
11. 38599
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38600
1. feet
2. -
3. 42280
5. pous
6. N-····AMP
7. feet
8. feet
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38601
1. of us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1G·P
7. ˱of˲ us
8. ˱of˲ us
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist; R38435; Person=Zacharias; R38297; R38549; R38568
11. 38602
1. into
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. into
8. into
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38603
1. +the way
2. -
3. 35980
5. hodos
6. N-····AFS
7. ˓the˒ way
8. ˓the˒ way
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38604
1. of peace
2. peace
3. 15150
5. eirēnē
6. N-····GFS
7. ˱of˲ peace
8. ˱of˲ peace
9. -
10. Y-5; TBirth_of_John_the_Baptist
11. 38605

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear LUKE 1:79

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 1:67–80: Zechariah prophesied and praised God

1:79a

1:79b

General Comment on 1:78b–79b

1:79c

General Comment on 1:79c

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)