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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) “Haven’t you read about David,” Yeshua answered, “when him and his men were hungry and what they did?![]()
OET-LV And answering to them the Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) said:
You_all_ not_even _read this, what Dawid/(Dāvid) did when he and the ones with him hungered?
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SR-GNT Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ ˚Ἰησοῦς, “Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς, καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ‡
(Kai apokritheis pros autous eipen ho ˚Yaʸsous, “Oude touto anegnōte, ho epoiaʸsen Dawid hote epeinasen autos, kai hoi metʼ autou)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT And answering them, Jesus said, “Have you not read this, what David did when he was hungry, he and the ones being with him:
UST Jesus replied to the Pharisees, “Consider what the Scriptures say about what David did when he and the men who were with him were hungry.
BSB Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?
MSB (Same as BSB above)
BLB And Jesus answering, said to them, "Not even have you read this, that which David did when he himself was hungry, and those who were with him:
AICNT And Jesus answered them, “Have you not read what David did when he and {those [who were][fn] with him}[fn] were hungry,
6:3, who were: A(02) C(03) BYZ TR NA28[ ] SBLGNT ‖ Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓4 ℵ(01) B(03) D(05) Latin(a b c e ff2) THGNT
6:3, those [who were] with him: Some manuscripts read “his men.” D(05)
OEB Jesus’ answer was, ‘Haven’t you read even of what David did, when he was hungry, he and his companions –
WEBBE Jesus, answering them, said, “Haven’t you read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him,
WMBB Yeshua, answering them, said, “Haven’t you read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him,
NET Jesus answered them, “Haven’t you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry –
LSV And Jesus answering said to them, “Did you not read even this that David did when he hungered, himself and those who are with him,
FBV Jesus replied, “Have you never read what David did when he and his men were hungry?
TCNT Jesus answered them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him,
T4T Jesus wanted to show them that the record in Scriptures indicated that God permitted people to disobey certain religious laws when they needed food. So he replied, “It is written in the Scriptures what our revered ancestor, King David did when he and the men with him were hungry. You have read about that, ◄but you do not think about what it implies/so why do you not think about what it implies?► [RHQ]
LEB And Jesus answered and[fn] said to them, “Have you not read this, what David did when he and those who were with him were hungry—
6:3 *Here “and” is supplied because the previous participle (“answered”) has been translated as a finite verb
BBE And Jesus said, Have you not seen in the Writings what David did when he was in need of food, he, and those who were with him;
Moff But Jesus answered them, "And have you never read what David did when he and his men were hungry?
Wymth "Have you never read so much as this," answered Jesus— "what David did when he and his followers were hungry;
ASV And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read even this, what David did, when he was hungry, he, and they that were with him;
DRA And Jesus answering them, said: Have you not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was hungry, and they that were with him:
YLT And Jesus answering said unto them, 'Did ye not read even this that David did, when he hungered, himself and those who are with him,
Drby And Jesus answering said to them, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did when he hungered, he and those who were with him,
RV And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read even this, what David did, when he was an hungred, he, and they that were with him;
(And Jesus answering them said, Have ye/you_all not read even this, what David did, when he was an hungered, he, and they that were with him; )
SLT And having answered to them, Jesus said, Have ye not read this, which David did when he hungered, and they being with him;
Wbstr And Jesus answering them, said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was hungry, and they who were with him;
KJB-1769 And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungred, and they which were with him;
(And Jesus answering them said, Have ye/you_all not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungered, and they which were with him; )
KJB-1611 And Iesus answering them, said, Haue yee not read so much as this what Dauid did, when himselfe was an hungred, and they which were with him:
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
Bshps And Iesus aunswered them, & sayde: Haue ye not read what Dauid dyd, when he hym selfe was an hungred, and they which were with hym:
(And Yesus/Yeshua answered them, and said: Have ye/you_all not read what David did, when he himself was an hungered, and they which were with him:)
Gnva Then Iesus answered them, and said, Haue ye not read this, that Dauid did when he himselfe was an hungred, and they which were with him,
(Then Yesus/Yeshua answered them, and said, Have ye/you_all not read this, that David did when he himself was an hungered, and they which were with him, )
Cvdl And Iesus answered, and sayde vnto the: Haue ye not red what Dauid dyd, wha he was hongrie, and they that were with him,
(And Yesus/Yeshua answered, and said unto them: Have ye/you_all not red what David did, what he was hungry, and they that were with him,)
TNT And Iesus answered them and sayde: Have ye not redde what David dyd when he him sylfe was anhungred and they which were with him:
(And Yesus/Yeshua answered them and said: Have ye/you_all not red what David did when he himself was anhungred and they which were with him: )
Wycl And Jhesus answeride, and seide to hem, Han ye not redde, what Dauith dide, whanne he hungride, and thei that weren with hym;
(And Yhesus answered, and said to hem, Han ye/you_all not redde, what David did, when he hungered, and they that were with him;)
Luth Und JEsus antwortete und sprach zu ihnen: Habt ihr nicht das gelesen, was David tat, da ihn hungerte, und die mit ihm waren:
(And Yesus replied and spoke to/for to_them: Have you(pl)/their/her not the read, what/which David did, there him/it starved, and the with him were:)
ClVg Et respondens Jesus ad eos, dixit: Nec hoc legistis quod fecit David, cum esurisset ipse, et qui cum illo erant?[fn]
(And responding Yesus to them, he/she_said: Neither this have_you_read that he_did David, when/with esurisset exactly_that/himself, and who/which when/with that/there they_were? )
6.3 Nec hoc legistis, etc. BEDA. Quomodo Domino ad crimen objicitur, quod in servo pro crimine non tenetur? Verus rex, etc., usque ad omnes filii Ecclesiæ sunt sacerdotes, uncti Spiritu sancto ut seipsos offerant.
6.3 Neither this have_you_read, etc. BEDA. How/In_what_manner Master to crime obyicitur, that in/into/on server/keeper for crime not/no is_held? Verus king, etc., until to everyone children Assemblies/Churches are priests, uncti By_Spirit holy as themselves offer.
UGNT καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄντες?
(kai apokritheis pros autous eipen ho Yaʸsous, oude touto anegnōte, ho epoiaʸsen Daueid hote epeinasen autos, kai hoi met’ autou ontes?)
SBL-GNT καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ⸀ὁπότε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ⸀ὄντες;
(kai apokritheis pros autous eipen ho Yaʸsous; Oude touto anegnōte ho epoiaʸsen Dawid ⸀hopote epeinasen autos kai hoi metʼ autou ⸀ontes?)
RP-GNT Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυίδ, ὁπότε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ' αὐτοῦ ὄντες;
(Kai apokritheis pros autous eipen ho Yaʸsous, Oude touto anegnōte, ho epoiaʸsen Dawid, hopote epeinasen autos kai hoi met' autou ontes;)
TC-GNT Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησε [fn]Δαυίδ, [fn]ὁπότε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ [fn]ὄντες;
(Kai apokritheis pros autous eipen ho Yaʸsous, Oude touto anegnōte, ho epoiaʸse Dawid, hopote epeinasen autos kai hoi meta autou ontes; )
Key for above GNTs: red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).
6:3 While fleeing from Saul (1 Sam 21), David . . . and his companions took refuge at the sanctuary of Nob. The priest Ahimelech gave them the consecrated Bread of the Presence that only priests were lawfully allowed to eat (Exod 25:30; Lev 24:9). Jesus’ point was that a technical violation of the law is superseded by the higher law of meeting human needs. There might also be a comparison between David and Jesus as God’s chosen and anointed kings of Israel.
In the Old Testament, God commanded the Jewish people to rest on the seventh day of each week. They called this day the “Sabbath.” The Pharisees believed that Jewish people should not do any work at all on the Sabbath day. They made many strict rules about what people were not allowed to do on the Sabbath.
In this section, the Pharisees continued their disagreement with Jesus from Luke 5:33–39. The Pharisees questioned Jesus’ authority to change the old traditions. They focused on the laws and traditions concerning the Sabbath. Jesus stated and proved that he did indeed have greater authority than the Pharisees to decide what a person could do on the Sabbath. As a result, the Pharisees perceived Jesus as a threat to their own authority.
Some other possible headings for this section are:
The Pharisees and Jesus disagreed about Sabbath-day laws
Jesus showed/taught the true meaning/use of the Sabbath day
A Discussion about the Sabbath (NLT)
There are parallel passages in Matthew 12:1–14 and Mark 2:23–3:6.
In this paragraph, Luke described how Jesus allowed his disciples to pick and eat grain on the Sabbath. Some Pharisees saw the disciples doing that and rebuked Jesus. Jesus had not told his disciples to stop what they were doing. Therefore, the Pharisees felt that Jesus was not respecting their laws about the Sabbath day.
In response, Jesus reminded the Pharisees of a story about King David. He showed them that the way they thought about the Sabbath was wrong. He told them that he had the authority to decide what was right or wrong to do on the Sabbath.
In 6:3–4 Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ accusation by referring to a story about King David, who had lived long before.When Jewish leaders debated, they often referred to teachings and stories from the Bible to support their statements.
This story is found in 1 Samuel 21:1–6. This story was a good illustration for what Jesus wanted to say to the Pharisees. David was fleeing from King Saul. He and his men were hungry.
They came to the tabernacle, and David asked the high priest for food. The only food available was the consecrated bread. Only priests were allowed to eat that bread. However, the high priest gave the bread to David and his men to eat. Even though David did something that was not allowed, God did not punish him or his men.
In order for people to understand this story, they need to know this background information. It may be necessary to include footnotes in your translation to explain it. You may also need to make some of the implied information explicit in the text. The notes on these verses will give suggestions.
In Greek, 6:3–4 is one long question. It is a rhetorical question.
Some English versions translate 6:3–4 as one long, rhetorical question. For example:
3And Jesus answered, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him: 4how he entered the house of God, and took and ate the bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and also gave it to those with him?” (RSV)
The BSB and other English versions translate 6:3–4 as a rhetorical question and a statement. For example:
3Jesus answered them, “Haven’t you read what David did when he and his men were hungry? 4He went into the house of God, took the bread offered to God, ate it, and gave it also to his men. Yet it is against our Law for anyone except the priests to eat that bread.” (GNT)
You should translate this long, rhetorical question in a way that is natural in your language.
Jesus replied,
Jesus answered them,
Jesus said to the Pharisees,
Jesus replied: In this verse, Jesus answered the question that the Pharisees asked his disciples in 6:2. Jesus understood that the Pharisees were criticizing him when they asked the disciples about their picking grain. Therefore, even though the Pharisees did not mention Jesus in 6:2, Jesus responded to their question.
You should introduce Jesus’ answer in a natural way in your translation. You may need to make explicit that Jesus heard the question. For example:
Hearing their question, Jesus, said to them
“Have you not read what David did
“Haven’t you read what David did (GW)
“Did you(plur) never read what David did?
“You(plur) have surely read in the Scriptures what King David did
Have you not read what David did: The clause Have you not read what David did introduces the rhetorical question. Jesus used this rhetorical question to rebuke the Pharisees. He rebuked them because they accused the disciples of breaking the Sabbath laws. The Pharisees had knowledge about the law but not a true understanding of it.
Some ways to translate the beginning of this rhetorical question are:
As a question. For example:
Haven’t you ever read what David did…? (GW)
Didn’t you understand what you read about the time when David…?
As a statement. For example:
You surely have read what David did (CEV)
You speak as if you have never read what David did
It cannot be that you have not read in the Scriptures about what King David did
Translate the rhetorical question in an appropriate way in your language for this context.
read: Jesus referred to something the Pharisees would have read in the Scriptures. If your readers would not understand that this story is in the Scriptures, you may need to supply this information. For example:
Haven’t you read in the Scriptures what David did…? (NLT)
David: David was a king of Israel. He lived many years before Jesus and the Pharisees. The Pharisees and the other Jewish people had great respect for David. This story happened in David’s early life, before he became king. If your readers are not familiar with the life of David, you should include some information about him in a footnote.
when he and his companions were hungry?
when he and his men were hungry? (GW)
When he and his followers were hungry,
when he and the men with him were hungry.
when he and his companions were hungry: This clause introduces a particular situation in David’s life. David and his companions were hungry and needed food. Jesus wanted the Pharisees to compare that situation with his disciples picking grain on the Sabbath.
his companions: David’s companions were the men who were with him at the time. Some other ways to translate this are:
his men (GW)
his followers (CEV)
those with him (NCV)
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys
ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἀποκριθείς πρός αὐτούς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς Οὐδέ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε ὅ ἐποίησεν Δαυίδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτός καί οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ)
Together the words answering and said mean that Jesus responded to the objection that the Pharisees raised. Alternate translation: [Jesus responded to them]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion
οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄντες
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί ἀποκριθείς πρός αὐτούς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς Οὐδέ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε ὅ ἐποίησεν Δαυίδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτός καί οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ)
Jesus does not expect the Pharisees to tell him whether they have read this passage in the Scriptures. Instead, he is using the question form to emphasize that the Pharisees should have learned a principle from that passage that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: [The Scriptures suggest otherwise, in the passage that tells what David did when he and those who were with him were hungry.]