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In this section, Jesus used the metaphors of a lamp, light, darkness, eye, and body. The lamp and the light are illustrations of Jesus and his teaching. Both Jesus’ life and teaching revealed God to the people. People whose spiritual eyesight was good were able to understand and accept his message. They were like someone whose mind or body was full of light. People who rejected his message were like a person who was full of darkness.
Jesus used these metaphors to tell the people (in 11:29–32) that their spiritual eyes were diseased. They could not receive the light of his message. If they had been willing to accept his message, then their minds would have been full of light. They would not have asked for another miracle to prove that God had sent him.
Some other possible headings for this section are:
Jesus’ message is like a lamp and like light
The light of the body (GNT)
There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 5:15 and 6:22–23.
There are two sayings about a lamp in this paragraph: one in 11:33 and another in 11:34–36. In 11:33 Jesus compared himself and his teaching to a lamp. People put a lamp where its light will be seen. In the same way, Jesus taught in public where everyone could hear and see him.
In 11:34 the topic is different. Here a person’s eye (his attitude toward Jesus’ message) is compared to a lamp. This lamp provides him with light (spiritual illumination or understanding).A number of commentators say that in this context the eye represents a person’s attitude toward Jesus, his willingness or unwillingness to accept Jesus’ message. Evans (p. 188) uses the term “moral disposition,” referring to a person’s inclination to receive Jesus’ message or to reject him. Marshall (p. 489) speaks of a person being “single-mindedly receptive to the light of the gospel,” and Liefeld (p. 954) says that the body receives light through the eye “subject to the individual’s will.” Morris (p. 221) also speaks of a person’s attention being focused on good (in the case of a healthy eye) or on evil (in the case of a bad eye). Nolland (p. 657) agrees that the eye here is a metaphor for “moral and spiritual readiness to see.”
Be careful, then, that the light within you is not darkness.
So make/be sure that what you think is light in you(sing/plur) is not really darkness.
Therefore you(sing) should be careful lest you(sing) think that your mind is illuminated/enlightened but actually it is dark.
Therefore, be careful that what you think is the truth is actually true and not false.
Be careful: The command Be careful functions as a warning. Some other ways to translate this warning are:
See to it (NIV)
Make certain (GNT)
then: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as then introduces a command that Jesus made as a logical result of what he had just said. It is not a time word. Other ways to translate this word are:
Therefore (RSV)
So (NCV)
that the light within you is not darkness: There are at least two translation issues in this clause:
Issue 1—Implied Information
This clause is an apparent contradiction, since light cannot be darkness. The implied meaning is probably “that what you think is the light within you is not actually darkness.” In some languages it may be necessary to make this implied information explicit. For example:
that what you consider to be inner light is not really darkness
that the light you think you have is not actually darkness (NLT)
Issue 2—Meaning of the metaphor
This clause contains the metaphors of “light” and “darkness,” but the meaning of the metaphors is not stated explicitly. Here the “light” represents the truth. Jesus was telling the people to be sure that their knowledge or understanding of the truth, especially the truth about himself, was correct. If their understanding was not correct, it was like darkness.
You should try to keep the figures of light and darkness in your translation if possible. One way to do this is to use a simile. For example:
be careful lest you think that you are like a person who has light inside him and understands the truth but actually you are like a person who is dark inside
If it is not possible to keep the figures of light and darkness, one possible way to translate this is:
be careful that what you think is the truth is actually true and not false
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / exmetaphor
σκόπει & μὴ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν
˓be˒_looking_out & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: σκόπει Οὖν μή τό φῶς τό ἐν σοί σκότος ἐστίν)
Jesus continues to draw an extended comparison between physical vision and spiritual receptivity. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: [it would be dangerous for you to think that you could see clearly if you actually could not. In the same way, be careful not to think that you understand and live by God’s message if you really do not]
11:35-36 Light and darkness are metaphors for good and evil (John 1:5; 3:19; 8:12; 12:35; Acts 26:18; Rom 13:12; 2 Cor 4:6; 6:14; Eph 5:8; 1 Thes 5:5; 1 Pet 2:9; 1 Jn 1:5; 2:8-9).
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.