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Mark C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Mark 12 V1 V3 V5 V7 V9 V11 V13 V15 V17 V19 V21 V23 V25 V27 V29 V31 V33 V35 V39 V41 V43

OET interlinear MARK 12:37

◄ ← MARK 12:37 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. αὐτός
    2. autos
    3. himself
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3NMS
    7. himself
    8. himself
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33301
    1. Οὖν
    2. oun
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37670
    6. C·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. S
    10. -
    11. 33302
    1. Δαυίδ
    2. dauid
    3. Dawid
    4. -
    5. 11380
    6. N····NMS
    7. Dawid/(Dāvid)
    8. David
    9. U
    10. Person=David; Y33; F33311
    11. 33303
    1. λέγει
    2. legō
    3. is calling
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ calling
    8. ˓is˒ calling
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33304
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33305
    1. Κύριον
    2. kurios
    3. master
    4. master
    5. 29620
    6. N····AMS
    7. master
    8. Lord
    9. GWeN
    10. Y33
    11. 33306
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33307
    1. πῶς
    2. pōs
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 44590
    6. D·······
    7. how
    8. how
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33308
    1. πόθεν
    2. pothen
    3. from where
    4. -
    5. 41590
    6. D·······
    7. from_where
    8. from_where
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33309
    1. υἱός
    2. huios
    3. son
    4. -
    5. 52070
    6. N····NMS
    7. son
    8. son
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33310
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. of him
    4. his
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R33303; Person=David
    11. 33311
    1. ἐστίν
    2. eimi
    3. is he
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ is
    8. ˱he˲ is
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33312
    1. υἱός
    2. huios
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 52070
    6. N····NMS
    7. son
    8. son
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33313
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. R33247; Person=Jesus
    11. 33314
    1. Καί
    2. kai
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33315
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33316
    1. πολύς
    2. polus
    3. great
    4. large
    5. 41830
    6. A····NMS
    7. great
    8. great
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33317
    1. ὄχλος
    2. oχlos
    3. crowd
    4. crowd
    5. 37930
    6. N····NMS
    7. crowd
    8. crowd
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33338
    11. 33318
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. D·······
    7. also
    8. also
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33319
    1. ἤκουεν
    2. akouō
    3. was hearing
    4. hear
    5. 1910
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. ˓was˒ hearing
    8. ˓was˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33320
    1. ἤκουσεν
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. heard
    8. heard
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33321
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. from him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱from˲ him
    8. ˱from˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33322
    1. ἡδέως
    2. hēdeōs
    3. gladly
    4. -
    5. 22340
    6. D·······
    7. gladly
    8. gladly
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33323
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱from˲ him
    8. ˱from˲ him
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33324
    1. ἤκουεν
    2. akouō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 1910
    6. VIIA3··S
    7. ˓was˒ hearing
    8. ˓was˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33325

OET (OET-LV) Dawid himself is_calling him:
master, and from_where is_he son of_him?
And the great crowd was_ gladly _hearing from_him.

OET (OET-RV) If David calls the messiah his master, how can the messiah possibly be David’s descendant?”
¶ The large crowd was very interested to hear everything that Yeshua had to say.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 12:35–37: The Christ is greater than King David

In this section Jesus was still teaching in the courtyard of the temple. Many people listened to him there. When he taught, he asked them about the Christ (Messiah) and his relationship to King David. Jesus asked this because he wanted the people to think about two things that the Scriptures say about the Messiah:

  1. The Scriptures prophesied that the Messiah (Christ) would be a descendant of King David.

  2. In the Scriptures King David called the Messiah “Lord.” This showed that the Messiah would be much greater than King David.

To Jewish people, it was difficult to explain how these two things could agree. They thought that an ancestor must be greater than his descendant. Jesus wanted them to know that the Messiah would be much greater than the earthly ruler that they expected him to be. He would be greater than David. The Messiah would be a descendant of David and would be a great ruler, but he would also share the throne of God.This section introduction includes a summary of statements by N. Geldenhuys, The Gospel of Luke, 1951; and Ray Summers, Commentary on Luke, 1972; and G. B Caird, Saint Luke, 1963.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

The Question about the Messiah (GNT)

Whose Son Is the Christ? (ESV)

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 22:41–46 and Luke 20:41–44.

12:37a

David himself calls Him ‘Lord.’

David himself calls Him ‘Lord’: David was a great king. Yet he referred to the Messiah as his Lord. So Jesus implied that the Messiah must be even greater than King David. In some languages it may be helpful to make it explicit that David was a king, a very important man:

King David himself called him ‘Lord.’

See Lord, Context 2, in the Glossary.

David himself: See the note on “David himself” in 12:36a for translation suggestions.

12:37b

So how can He be David’s son?”

So how can He be David’s son?: Here Jesus asked the people a question that was similar to the one that he asked in 12:35c. Even though Jesus knew the answer to his own question, he wanted his listeners to think about who the Messiah was.

The answer to this question is that the Messiah was both a descendant of David and David’s Lord. This suggests that the Messiah must be God as well as man. Jesus did not imply here that the Messiah was not David’s descendant. You may need to include a footnote here to show what Jesus was implying.

12:37c

And the large crowd listened to Him with delight.

the large crowd: There were very many people listening to Jesus at that time.

listened to Him with delight: The Greek word that the BSB translates as with delight is literally “gladly” or “happily.” It means that the people felt pleasure or delight when they listened to Jesus.

Here are some other ways to translate this sentence:

The large crowd enjoyed listening to Jesus teach. (CEV)

A large crowd was listening to Jesus gladly. (GNT)

General Comment on 12:35–37

Notice that in these verses the BSB uses a quote which comes within another quote which itself comes in Jesus’ speech that Mark quoted. In 12:35b Mark began to quote the words of Jesus. In 12:36b Jesus began to quote what the psalm writer said. Then the psalm writer told what God himself had said (12:36c–d).

In some languages it may be confusing to use three sets of quote marks. If this is a problem in your language, you may be able to change some of the direct quotes to indirect quotes. See the second meaning line for each verse part in the Display for 12:35a-37c. Another solution may be to indent the Old Testament quotation and to use a colon instead of quotation marks. For example:

Because David himself said what the Holy Spirit caused him to speak, and this is what he said.

The Lord God said to my Lord: Sit here in the place of honor at my right side…

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

αὐτὸς Δαυεὶδ λέγει αὐτὸν, Κύριον, καὶ πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστιν?

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: αὐτός Δαυίδ λέγει αὐτόν Κύριον καί πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστίν Καί ὁ πολύς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)

In Jesus’ culture, people would not call any of their descendants Lord, since this title was used for people who were more important or older. Jesus’ question assumes this practice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit. Alternate translation: [David himself calls him ‘Lord,’ and no one calls his own son ‘Lord.’ So, how can he be his son]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes

αὐτὸς Δαυεὶδ λέγει αὐτὸν, Κύριον

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: αὐτός Δαυίδ λέγει αὐτόν Κύριον καί πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστίν Καί ὁ πολύς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: [David himself calls the Messiah his Lord]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / rpronouns

αὐτὸς Δαυεὶδ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: αὐτός Δαυίδ λέγει αὐτόν Κύριον καί πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστίν Καί ὁ πολύς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)

See how you translated the phrase David himself in [12:36](../12/36.md), where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: [None other than David] or [David, the very person whom they call the father of the Christ,]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

καὶ πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστιν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: αὐτός Δαυίδ λέγει αὐτόν Κύριον καί πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστίν Καί ὁ πολύς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)

Like the question in [12:35](../12/35.md), this is a question that Jesus wanted his listeners to try to answer, even though he is also using it to teach. It is a difficult question, like the ones the Jewish leaders asked him, which he answered well. They will not be able to answer his question, and this should give them a further appreciation for his wisdom, in addition to what they might learn from reflecting on the question later. So it would be appropriate to leave it in question form and not translate it as a statement. Alternate translation: [so in what way can he be his son]

Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

καὶ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: αὐτός Δαυίδ λέγει αὐτόν Κύριον καί πόθεν υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστίν Καί ὁ πολύς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)

Here, the word and introduces a question that is based on the previous statement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion. Alternate translation: [so]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

υἱός αὐτοῦ

son ˱of˲_him

Here, the word son refers to a male descendant. It does not mean that the Christ is the direct son of David. See how you expressed the idea in [12:35](../12/35.md). Alternate translation: [descended from him] or [in his lineage]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

12:35-37 After having answered various questions, mostly from opponents, Jesus now asked a question (see 8:27; Matt 17:25; 21:31; Luke 10:36). The Messiah was considered the son of David because of such passages as Isa 9:2-7; 11:1-5; Jer 23:5-6; 33:15-16; Ezek 34:23-24; 37:24-28. With his question, Jesus did not deny that the Messiah was a descendant of David (Mark 10:47-48; 11:10; see Rom 1:3-4), but he demonstrated that this description, while correct, is inadequate. The Messiah is far more!

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Dawid
    2. -
    3. 11380
    4. U
    5. dauid
    6. N-····NMS
    7. Dawid/(Dāvid)
    8. David
    9. U
    10. Person=David; Y33; F33311
    11. 33303
    1. himself
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3NMS
    7. himself
    8. himself
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33301
    1. is calling
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ calling
    8. ˓is˒ calling
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33304
    1. him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33305
    1. master
    2. master
    3. 29620
    4. GWeN
    5. kurios
    6. N-····AMS
    7. master
    8. Lord
    9. GWeN
    10. Y33
    11. 33306
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33307
    1. from where
    2. -
    3. 41590
    5. pothen
    6. D-·······
    7. from_where
    8. from_where
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33309
    1. is he
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˱he˲ is
    8. ˱he˲ is
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33312
    1. son
    2. -
    3. 52070
    5. huios
    6. N-····NMS
    7. son
    8. son
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33310
    1. of him
    2. his
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱of˲ him
    8. ˱of˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R33303; Person=David
    11. 33311
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 25320
    4. S
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33315
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33316
    1. great
    2. large
    3. 41830
    5. polus
    6. A-····NMS
    7. great
    8. great
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33317
    1. crowd
    2. crowd
    3. 37930
    5. oχlos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. crowd
    8. crowd
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33338
    11. 33318
    1. was
    2. hear
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. ˓was˒ hearing
    8. ˓was˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33320
    1. gladly
    2. -
    3. 22340
    5. hēdeōs
    6. D-·······
    7. gladly
    8. gladly
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33323
    1. hearing
    2. hear
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-IIA3··S
    7. ˓was˒ hearing
    8. ˓was˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33320
    1. from him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱from˲ him
    8. ˱from˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33322

OET (OET-LV) Dawid himself is_calling him:
master, and from_where is_he son of_him?
And the great crowd was_ gladly _hearing from_him.

OET (OET-RV) If David calls the messiah his master, how can the messiah possibly be David’s descendant?”
¶ The large crowd was very interested to hear everything that Yeshua had to say.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← MARK 12:37 ↑ → ► ║ ©