OET interlinear 2 SAM 19:42

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

וַ⁠יַּעַן֩ כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה עַל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל

(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

In this verse, the expressions each man and a man are singular in form, but they refer to all the men of Judah and Israel as groups. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the plural form of “man.” Alternate translation: [And all of the men of Judah answered to the men of Israel]

Note 2 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

כִּֽי־קָר֤וֹב הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֵלַ֔⁠י

(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

In this verse, the word me is singular in form, but it refers to all the men of Judah as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a plural form. Alternate translation: [Because the king is near to us]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

כִּֽי־קָר֤וֹב הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֵלַ֔⁠י

(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The men of Judah are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [We brought the king across the Jordan River because he is near to us]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

קָר֤וֹב & אֵלַ֔⁠י

close_relative & to=me

Here, the men of Judah are speaking as if being related to someone were actually being near to that person physically. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [is our close relative]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

וְ⁠לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ חָרָ֣ה לְ⁠ךָ֔ עַל־הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה הֶ⁠אָכ֤וֹל אָכַ֨לְנוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־נִשֵּׂ֥את נִשָּׂ֖א לָֽ⁠נוּ

(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The men of Judah are using the question form to emphasize that the men of Israel should not be angry and that they have not received any favors from the king. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: [And it should not be that it burns to you about this matter. Eating, we have not eaten from the king, and being taken, it has not been taken for us!]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וְ⁠לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ חָרָ֣ה לְ⁠ךָ֔ עַל־הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The Judean leaders are using And why this as a common expression of their culture to mean “There is no need for this.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. If you have already translated the book of 1 Samuel, see how you translated the similar expression in [1 Samuel 20:8](../../1sa/20/08.md). Alternate translation: [And there is no need for it to burn to you about this matter.] or [And it should not be that it burns to you about this matter.]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

חָרָ֣ה לְ⁠ךָ֔ עַל־הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה

it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

Here the phrase it burns to you is a common expression that means that the men of Israel have become angry. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [you have become angry about this matter]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / reduplication

הֶ⁠אָכ֤וֹל אָכַ֨לְנוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־נִשֵּׂ֥את נִשָּׂ֖א לָֽ⁠נוּ

ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than (Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The men of Judah are repeating forms of the verbs eaten and taken in order to intensify their expression of the ideas that these verbs convey. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the intensification. Alternate translation: [Have we eaten at all from the king? Or has anything at all been taken for us?] or [We certainly have not eaten from the king! And certainly nothing has been taken for us!]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

הֶ⁠אָכ֤וֹל אָכַ֨לְנוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ

ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than (Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The men of Judah are using eaten from the king as a common expression of their culture to describe receiving food or other provisions from the king. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Has the king been providing any of our food?] or [The king has not been providing any of our food!]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

אִם־נִשֵּׂ֥את נִשָּׂ֖א לָֽ⁠נוּ

if (Some words not found in UHB: and,he_answered all/each/any/every (a)_man Yehuda on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in (a)_man Yisrael that/for/because/then/when close_relative the=king to=me and=for=what? this it_glowed/burnt to/for=yourself(m) on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,matter the=this ever,(eat)? we_ate from/more_than the=king if anything given to/for=us )

The expression being taken, has it been taken is a passive verbal form. If your language would not use that form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [And the king has not taken anything and given it to us]