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Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ
was and also /an/_inscription over him
Luke is referring to a placard that the soldiers placed above Jesus by association with the fact that it bore an inscription, that is, something that the soldiers had written on it. Alternate translation: “The soldiers also attached a placard at the top of Jesus’ cross on which they had written”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / irony
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ
was and also /an/_inscription over him
The soliders did not really believe that Jesus was the King of the Jews. Rather, putting up this placard was another of the ways in which they mocked him. So the sign said the opposite of what the people who wrote it actually believed. Alternate translation: “the soldiers also attached a placard at the top of Jesus’ cross on which they had written mockingly”
23:38 The sign confirmed that Jesus was crucified on the charge of claiming to be the King of the Jews (cp. John 19:19-22).
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.