LUKE 23:39 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. εἱς
2. heis
3. one
4. -
5. 15200
6. S····NMS
7. one
8. one
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60886
1. Δέ
2. de
3. And
4. -
5. 11610
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y33
11. 60887
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GMP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60888
1. κρεμασθέντων
2. kremaō
3. having been hanged
4. -
5. 29100
6. VPAP·GMP
7. ˓having_been˒ hanged
8. ˓having_been˒ hanged
9. -
10. Y33; R60890
11. 60889
1. κακούργων
2. kakourgos
3. criminals
4. criminals
5. 25570
6. S····GMP
7. criminals
8. criminals
9. -
10. Y33; F60889; F60932; F60938; F60939
11. 60890
1. ἐβλασφήμει
2. blasfēmeō
3. was slandering
4. -
5. 9870
6. VIIA3··S
7. ˓was˒ slandering
8. ˓was˒ slandering
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60891
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. him
4. him
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33; R60764; Person=Jesus
11. 60892
1. λέγων
2. legō
3. saying
4. saying
5. 30040
6. VPPA·NMS
7. saying
8. saying
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60893
1. οὐχί
2. ouχi
3. not
4. -
5. 37800
6. T·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60894
1. Εἰ
2. ei
3. -
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. if
8. if
9. D
10. -
11. 60895
1. σύ
2. su
3. you
4. you
5. 47710
6. R···2N·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60896
1. Εἶ
2. eimi
3. Are
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIPA2··S
7. are
8. are
9. D
10. Y33
11. 60897
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60898
1. Χριστός
2. χristos
3. chosen one messiah
4. messiah
5. 55470
6. N····NMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Messiah
9. WN
10. Y33; Person=Jesus
11. 60899
1. Σῶσον
2. sōzō
3. Save
4. -
5. 49820
6. VMAA2··S
7. save
8. save
9. S
10. Y33
11. 60900
1. καί
2. kai
3. -
4. -
5. 25320
6. D·······
7. also
8. also
9. -
10. -
11. 60901
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. -
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. yourself
8. yourself
9. -
10. -
11. 60902
1. σεαυτόν
2. seautou
3. yourself
4. yourself
5. 45720
6. R···2AMS
7. yourself
8. yourself
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60903
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. and
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60904
1. ἡμάς
2. egō
3. us
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·P
7. us
8. us
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60905

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 23:26–43: Soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross

In this section the Roman soldiers did what their commander Pontius Pilate had ordered them to do. They led Jesus outside the town to the place where they crucified criminals. There they nailed Jesus on a cross. They did the same to two other men, who were criminals. Then they made the three men hang there until they died. The Jewish leaders, the soldiers, and even one of the criminals mocked Jesus. But the other criminal believed in him.

Other examples of headings for this section are:

The Crucifixion (NIV)

Jesus Is Nailed to a Cross (CEV)

Roman soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 27:31–44, Mark 15:21–32, and John 19:17–27.

23:39a

One of the criminals who hung there heaped abuse on Him.

¶ One of the criminals who hung near Jesus began to insult him. He said mockingly,
¶ After the soldiers mocked Jesus, the criminal on one of the nearby crosses also insulted/scorned Jesus. He shouted,

In Greek, 23:39 begins with a common conjunction that is often translated as “And” or “But.” It introduces what happened after the soldiers mocked Jesus in 23:37. The event in 23:38 is background information that happened before the event in 23:37. In some languages there is a special way to return to a story after giving background information. Do this in a natural way in your language.

In some languages it may be necessary to repeat information from 23:37. For example:

After the soldiers mocked Jesus

One of the criminals who hung there: This phrase refers to one of the two men on crosses beside Jesus. The word hung describes how the men’s bodies were hanging from the nails in their hands/arms. Other ways to translate this are:

One of the criminals hanging beside him (NLT)

One of the evildoers who was crucified beside him

One of the criminals on a cross next to him

criminals: The word criminals occurred in 23:32. You may translate it in the same way here.

heaped abuse on Him: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as the English idiom heaped abuse on Him is literally “was blaspheming him, saying.” The verb “blaspheming” often refers to speaking against God, but it can also refer to speaking against a person, especially to insulting the person. Other ways to translate this are:

insulted Jesus (GW)

scoffed (NLT)

The criminal insulted Jesus by saying the words in 23:39b. Some ways to indicate this are:

He insulted him by saying

He began to shout insults at him. He said

23:39b

“Are You not the Christ?” he said. “Save Yourself and us!”

“Are you^(sing) not the Messiah? If you are, then save yourself and us^(dual/excl)!”
“You^(sing) claim to be the Messiah! So, save yourself and us^(dual/excl) too!”

“Are You not the Christ?” he said. “Save Yourself and us!”: The Greek word that the BSB translates as he said is literally “saying.” It occurs at the beginning of 23:39b. The BSB has places these words in the middle of what the criminal said to Jesus. This is good English style. However, in some languages, it may be necessary to put these words at the beginning of this clause. For example.

saying, “Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!”

Place this word where it will most naturally introduce speech in your language.

The clause Are You not the Christ? is a rhetorical question. The man on the cross used it to mock Jesus. He did not believe that Jesus was really the Christ. He also used the question to introduce the demand Save Yourself and us. Like the question, the demand was also used to mock Jesus. The criminal did not believe that Jesus could save himself or them.

Some ways to translate this mockery are:

As a rhetorical question and demand. For example:
So you’re really the Messiah, are you? Well, save yourself and us! (GW)
Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us as well. (NJB)
You claim to be the Christ, don’t you ? Then/So save yourself and us.
As a statement or introduction and demand. For example:
Since you are the Christ, save yourself and us!
You say/claim that you are the Christ. Then/So save yourself and us!
As two rhetorical questions that express scorn and demand. For example:
You are the Christ, aren’t you? So why do you not save yourself and us?

There are many ways to express this mockery. Translate it in a way that is natural in your language.

the Christ: The word Christ was used in 23:35 and 23:2. See how you translated it there.

Save: The word Save is used in the same way here as in 23:35.

Yourself and us: The word Yourself refers to Jesus. The word us refers to the two criminals who were crucified on each side of him. In some languages it may be necessary to refer to the criminals more specifically. For example:

yourself and us two beside you

See save, Meaning 1, in the Glossary.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

κρεμασθέντων

˓having_been˒_hanged

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who did the action. Alternate translation: [whom the soldiers had hung on a cross next to Jesus]

ἐβλασφήμει αὐτόν

˓was˒_slandering him

As in [22:65](../22/65.md), the term blasphemed here likely has the general sense of “insulted,” although technically this criminal was guilty of blasphemy in the more specific sense, since he was suggesting that Jesus was not the Messiah. Alternate translation: [insulted him]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός?

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἱς Δέ τῶν κρεμασθέντων κακούργων ἐβλασφήμει αὐτόν λέγων οὐχί σύ Εἶ ὁ Χριστός Σῶσον σεαυτόν καί ἡμάς)

The criminal is using the question form to mock Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: [I thought you were supposed to be the Messiah!]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / irony

σῶσον σεαυτὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς

The criminal did not really think that Jesus could rescue himself and the two criminals from dying by crucifixion. Instead, he is telling Jesus to do this in order to suggest that Jesus actually cannot do it. So he is saying the opposite of what he actually believes. Alternate translation: [But it looks like you can’t save yourself or us]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

ἡμᾶς

Since this criminal is using the term us to mean himself and the other criminal, but not Jesus, the term us would be exclusive here, if your language marks that distinction.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. And
2. -
3. 11610
4. PS
5. de
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. PS
10. Y33
11. 60887
1. one
2. -
3. 15200
5. heis
6. S-····NMS
7. one
8. one
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60886
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GMP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60888
1. criminals
2. criminals
3. 25570
5. kakourgos
6. S-····GMP
7. criminals
8. criminals
9. -
10. Y33; F60889; F60932; F60938; F60939
11. 60890
1. having been hanged
2. -
3. 29100
5. kremaō
6. V-PAP·GMP
7. ˓having_been˒ hanged
8. ˓having_been˒ hanged
9. -
10. Y33; R60890
11. 60889
1. was slandering
2. -
3. 9870
5. blasfēmeō
6. V-IIA3··S
7. ˓was˒ slandering
8. ˓was˒ slandering
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60891
1. him
2. him
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33; R60764; Person=Jesus
11. 60892
1. saying
2. saying
3. 30040
5. legō
6. V-PPA·NMS
7. saying
8. saying
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60893
1. Are
2. -
3. 15100
4. D
5. eimi
6. V-IPA2··S
7. are
8. are
9. D
10. Y33
11. 60897
1. you
2. you
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2N·S
7. you
8. you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60896
1. not
2. -
3. 37800
5. ouχi
6. T-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60894
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60898
1. chosen one messiah
2. messiah
3. 55470
4. WN
5. χristos
6. N-····NMS
7. chosen_one/messiah
8. Messiah
9. WN
10. Y33; Person=Jesus
11. 60899
1. Save
2. -
3. 49820
4. S
5. sōzō
6. V-MAA2··S
7. save
8. save
9. S
10. Y33
11. 60900
1. yourself
2. yourself
3. 45720
5. seautou
6. R-···2AMS
7. yourself
8. yourself
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60903
1. and
2. and
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60904
1. us
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1A·P
7. us
8. us
9. -
10. Y33
11. 60905

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear LUKE 23:39

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

Section 23:26–43: Soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross

23:39a

23:39b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)