OET interlinear LUKE 2:7

2:7a

her firstborn, a Son: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as her firstborn, a Son is literally “her son, the firstborn.” It indicates that this baby was Mary’s first child, and that he was a boy. Another way to translate this is:

She gave birth to her first child, a son. (NLT)

2:7b

She wrapped Him in swaddling cloths: Mary wrapped strips of cloth around the baby Jesus. It was a Jewish custom to wrap newborn babies in that way. This kept them warm, and it also kept their arms and legs straight.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

She wrapped the baby with pieces of cloth (NCV)

She wrapped his arms and legs snugly with pieces of cloth

She put/wrapped strips of cloth around him as was their custom

swaddling cloths: These cloths were long strips of cloth like bandages that were wrapped about the baby many times.

2:7c-d

and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn: According to many people’s understanding or traditions, Mary and Joseph arrived at Bethlehem just at the time when Mary was ready to give birth. They approached an inn or hotel in Bethlehem, but were told that it was full. Instead they were guided to a stable with animals, where Mary gave birth.

But according to Luke 2:6, they had already been in Bethlehem for a time when the moment came to give birth. And it is likely that they stayed in a house. Joseph probably had relatives in Bethlehem, and they would have invited him to stay with them. The home where they stayed had a room for guests, but it was already occupied. So they stayed in another room that was close to where animals were kept inside the house at night. This meant that a manger would have been nearby, and it became a good place to lay the newborn baby. This understanding of the story is followed in the notes below.

because there was no room for them in the inn: This clause explains the reason why Mary laid the baby in a manger, which was not a usual placeWhile laying the baby in a manger was probably unexpected, it was not a bad choice of place to lay a newborn baby. With hay in it, it would have been soft. And because it was deep, the baby would not fall out of it. If it was a wooden manger, it could have been moved from the animal area onto the floor of the room where Mary and Joseph were staying. Or it may have been a manger carved or dug out into the family room floor and already near them. (See Kenneth Bailey, Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes, IVP (2008), pp. 28–30.) to lay a baby. It was because there was not enough space for the couple to stay, or to have the baby, in the guest room of the house. Instead they stayed near where the family kept their animals, and so they laid the baby in a nearby manger. See the translation suggestions at the end of the note on “because there was no room for them” at 2:7d for ways to make some of this information explicit.

In some languages, it may be more natural to put the reason clause before the result clause. For example:

Because there was no space for them in the guest room, she placed him in a manger.

There was no place for them in the room for travelers, so she laid him in a manger.

2:7c

in a manger: A manger was a box or trough that held food for animals, especially for large animals such as cattle and horses. People made this feeding box out of wood or stone. Other ways to translate this are:

in a feeding trough

in a feeding box for animals

in a trough where people put food for the animals (T4T)

on a bed of hay (CEV)

Jewish peasant families commonly kept their animals in their houses at night.Two of the most common styles of village houses at the time of Jesus were (a) a simple one-room house, possibly also having a guest room, and (b) a three- or four-room house with the rooms surrounding a central courtyard. In either type of house, the animals were kept inside at night. The one-room house, for example, was divided into a first part, nearest the door, that would have a dirt floor and where animals would spend the night. From there, the family living space was built up about a meter higher than the dirt floor. This is where the family cooked, ate, slept, and lived. Mangers or feeding troughs for the animals were either placed on the lower dirt floor or were sometimes dug out of the edge of the floor of the family area next to where the animals were kept. (See Kenneth Bailey, Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes, IVP (2008), pp. 28–30.) So the manger was probably inside a house where Mary and Joseph were invited to stay, and not in a stable away from a house. You may want to make this information explicit in your translation. For example:

in a feeding trough in a home

in an animal’s feeding box at the house where they were staying

2:7d

because there was no room for them in the inn: The Greek word that the BSB translates as inn is a general word that refers to any place for travelers to stay or lodge. (This is a different Greek word than the word translated as “inn” in Luke 10:34.) The word can refer to an inn, a guesthouse, or a guest room in a house.Another option discussed in commentaries is whether this might have been a khan (also called a caravansarai). These were walled-in shelters with an open courtyard in the center for the animals or possibly some animal stalls with feed. Some khans had a manager or keeper, and also private rooms for the wealthy. Others were mostly self-service and simple. The same reasons (discussed in the next footnote) that argue against this being a commercial inn also apply to a khan. In this context, it probably refers to a room in a village home where guests could stay.There are several reasons in favor of understanding this as the guest room of a home rather than as a commercial inn or khan. First, Bethlehem was a small town or village and was not on a main road. So it is quite unlikely that Bethlehem would have had a commercial inn or khan. Secondly, hospitality was of such high value in Israel that Jewish travelers would seek a place to stay in a Jewish home and only rarely in a commercial inn, a place mainly used by foreigners. Third, since Jewish peasant families usually kept their animals in their house at night, mention of the manger should cause us to think first of a house. And finally there is the linguistic argument. Luke uses the Greek word kataluma here. While the possible meanings of the word include a commercial inn or khan, the only other time Luke uses the word kataluma, it refers to the guest room of a house (the “upper room” in Luke 22:11). And in the parable of the Good Samaritan, where the reference is clearly to a commercial inn with an innkeeper, Luke uses a different Greek word (pandocheion, Luke 10:34). It does not refer to a building such as a hotel with many rooms.

Here are some other ways to translate this word:

guest room (NIV11)

in the room of the house for travelers/visitors

because there was no room for them in the inn: In this context, the words no room mean that there was not enough space for them either to stay or to have the baby in the guest room. That room was already occupied, possibly by other relatives or travelers who had arrived for the census before Joseph and Mary or who had higher status. Some other ways to translate this clause are:

because there was no place for them in the guestroom (CEB)

because there was not enough space for them in the room/place for travelers

because the guest room was full (ERV)

because other people were already staying in the guest room of the house where they stayed

This clause because there was no room for them explains the reason why Mary laid Jesus in a manger, a place where people do not usually lay a baby. Mary and Joseph were probably invited to stay in a home, possibly with relatives. But since the guest room of that home was already full, they stayed in another part of the house. They may have shared the room where the host family stayed. Wherever they stayed, it was near the part of the house where the family kept their animals inside at night. So the most suitable place Mary could find to lay the baby was in a nearby manager.

You may want to make some of this information explicit in your translation. For example:

Since the guest room was already full, the most suitable place that Mary could find to lay the baby was the manager.

She laid him there because there was no better place for him where they were staying. That was because other people were staying in the guest room.

Since other people were staying in the guest room, Mary and Joseph stayed near where their hosts kept their animals in the house. So she laid the baby in a nearby manger.

That was the best place to lay the baby. This was because there was no space for them in the guest room of the house. Instead/so they stayed in the house near the animals and the manger was there.

2:6a–7d