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OET interlinear PROV 18:3

◄ ← PROV 18:3 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. בְּ,בוֹא
    2. 393305,393306
    3. When comes
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    7. when,comes
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274154
    2. 393307
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274155
    1. רָשָׁע
    2. 393308
    3. a wicked person
    4. wicked
    5. 7563
    6. S-Aamsa
    7. a_wicked_[person]
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274156
    1. בָּא
    2. 393309
    3. it comes
    4. -
    5. 935
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_comes
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274157
    1. גַם
    2. 393310
    3. also
    4. -
    5. 1571
    6. S-D
    7. also
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274158
    2. 393311
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274159
    1. בּוּז
    2. 393312
    3. contempt
    4. contempt
    5. 937
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. contempt
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274160
    1. וְ,עִם
    2. 393313,393314
    3. and with
    4. -
    6. S-C,R
    7. and,with
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274161
    2. 393315
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274162
    1. קָלוֹן
    2. 393316
    3. shame
    4. shame
    5. 7036
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. shame
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274163
    1. חֶרְפָּה
    2. 393317
    3. reproach
    4. reproach
    5. 2781
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. reproach
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274164
    2. 393318
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274165

OET (OET-LV) When_comes a_wicked_person it_comes also contempt and_with shame reproach.

OET (OET-RV) When a wicked person arrives, contempt from others also comes,
 ⇔ ≈ and when shame arrives, so does reproach.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

18:3

This verse describes the results of wickedness. When a person does something wicked, other people treat him in three closely related ways. Notice the parallelism:

3aWith a wicked man comes contempt as well,

3band shame is accompanied by disgrace.

According to this parallel structure, wickedness causes one thing (“contempt”), and shame causes something else (“disgrace”). However, contempt, shame, and disgrace are close synonyms. They overlap in meaning. So the overall meaning of the verse is that all three are similar results of wickedness.UBS (pages 383–384) and Waltke (page 70) clearly identify this structure. According to Ross (page 1023), this verse is an example of “step parallelism: wickedness leads to contempt, and shame (parallel to contempt) leads to reproach.” Longman (page 352) also analyzes contempt and shame as “close synonyms.” He says, “Wickedness leads to contempt…and insults will follow.”

18:3a–b

(combined/reordered)

With a wicked man comes contempt as well, and shame is accompanied by disgrace: There is a textual issue here:

  1. A change in one vowel in the MT results in: “wickedness.” For example:

    When wickedness comes (NIV) CEV, ESV, GW, NAB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NLT, NRSV, REB, GNT

  2. The MT has “a wicked [person].” The LXX and Vulgate are similar. For example:

    When a wicked person arrives (NET) BSB, NASB, NET, NJPS

It is recommended that you follow option (1). The abstract noun “wickedness” forms a better parallel with contempt, shame, and disgrace. However, both textual options describe the results of wicked deeds, which are of course done by a wicked person, so there is little practical difference in meaning.

The terms a wicked man, contempt, shame, and disgrace are personified here. They are described as people who can come or arrive somewhere. The meaning of these lines is that when someone does a wicked deed, contempt is the result. When someone experiences shame, disgrace is the result.

Some other ways to translate this personification are:

Doing wrong leads to contempt, and insults will be added to the humiliation.

If a person does something wicked, other people will despise him. They will stop respecting him and will rebuke/insult him instead.

contempt…shame…disgrace: These three terms all refer to attitudes or actions that a wicked person experiences from other people. When a person does something wicked, other people feel contempt for him. Along with this shame or loss of respect, the wicked person experiences disgrace or insult.

contempt: This word refers to the scorn that other people feel for a wicked person. It indicates that other people despise wickedness. They consider a wicked person to be worthless.

shame: This word refers to the wicked person’s humiliation or loss of good reputation. It means that other people stop respecting him.

disgrace: This word refers here to the words that others direct against wicked people. These words may include rebuke, strong disapproval, or insult.

General Comment on 18:3a–b

Some languages may use fewer than three terms to translate the ideas of “contempt,” “shame,” and “disgrace.” In some languages, it may also be more natural to combine and/or reorder the two parallel lines. See 18:3a–b (combined/reordered) in the Display for two ways to do this.

18:3a

With a wicked man comes contempt as well,

18:3b

and shame is accompanied by disgrace.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

גַם־בּ֑וּז

also/even contempt

Here Solomon speaks of experiencing contempt as if it were a person who can come to a location. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards a wicked one. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him” (2) a wicked one shows contempt for others. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בּ֑וּז & קָל֥וֹן חֶרְפָּֽה

contempt & dishonour disgrace

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of contempt, shame, and reproach, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated contempt in [12:8](../12/08.md) and shame in [6:33](../06/33.md). Alternate translation: “feeling contemptuous … feeling shameful, being reproached”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

וְֽ⁠עִם־קָל֥וֹן חֶרְפָּֽה

and,with dishonour disgrace

Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and with shame comes reproach”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. When comes
    2. -
    3. 846,1274
    5. 393305,393306
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274154
    1. a wicked person
    2. wicked
    3. 7351
    5. 393308
    6. S-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274156
    1. it comes
    2. -
    3. 1274
    5. 393309
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274157
    1. also
    2. -
    3. 1471
    5. 393310
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274158
    1. contempt
    2. contempt
    3. 1280
    5. 393312
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274160
    1. and with
    2. -
    3. 1987,5681
    5. 393313,393314
    6. S-C,R
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274161
    1. shame
    2. shame
    3. 6955
    5. 393316
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274163
    1. reproach
    2. reproach
    3. 2413
    5. 393317
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274164

OET (OET-LV) When_comes a_wicked_person it_comes also contempt and_with shame reproach.

OET (OET-RV) When a wicked person arrives, contempt from others also comes,
 ⇔ ≈ and when shame arrives, so does reproach.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 18:3 ↑ → ► ║ ©