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Prov C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31

Prov 18 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24

OET interlinear PROV 18:1

◄ ↨ PROV 18:1 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. לְ,תַאֲוָה
    2. 393281,393282
    3. (to) desire
    4. desires
    5. 8378
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    7. (to),desire
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274135
    1. יְבַקֵּשׁ
    2. 393283
    3. he seeks
    4. -
    5. 1245
    6. V-Vpi3ms
    7. he_seeks
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274136
    1. נִפְרָד
    2. 393284
    3. one who separates himself
    4. separate
    5. 6504
    6. S-VNrmsa
    7. [one_who]_separates_himself
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274137
    1. בְּ,כָל
    2. 393285,393286
    3. in all
    4. -
    5. 3605
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. in=all
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274138
    2. 393287
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274139
    1. תּוּשִׁיָּה
    2. 393288
    3. sound wisdom
    4. sound wisdom
    5. 8454
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. sound_wisdom
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274140
    1. יִתְגַּלָּע
    2. 393289
    3. he breaks out
    4. -
    5. 1566
    6. V-Vti3ms
    7. he_breaks_out
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274141
    2. 393290
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274142

OET (OET-LV) (to)_desire he_seeks one_who_separates_himself in_all sound_wisdom he_breaks_out.

OET (OET-RV) People who keep themselves separate, seek their own desires,
 ⇔ They reject sound wisdom.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

18:1

Notice the parallelism:

1a He who isolates himself pursues selfish desires;

1b he rebels against all sound judgment.

These parallel lines describe an antisocial person in two ways. Such a person always tries to fulfill his own desires. He also vigorously opposes the sensible guidelines that others in his community follow.

18:1a

He who isolates himself pursues selfish desires;

He who isolates himself: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as He who isolates himself is literally “one who separates himself.”The form of this Hebrew word (Niphal participle) can be understood as a passive (“is separated”) or as a reflexive (“separates himself”). Most scholars think that it functions as a reflexive. This word probably refers to people who deliberately act in an unfriendly or antisocial way. As a result, they become isolated or alienated from others. This word probably does not refer to people who live by themselves through no fault of their own. Other ways to translate this word are:

Unfriendly people (NCV)

People who do not get along with others (GNT)

One who has isolated himself (NET)

pursues selfish desires: There is a textual issue involving the word that the BSB translates as selfish desires:

  1. The Masoretic Text has a word that means “desires.” With this text, this line means that the unfriendly person selfishly tries to fulfill his own desires. For example:

    seeks his own desires (NET) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, NASB, NET, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NLT, NRSV, REB, GNT)

  2. The LXX and Vulgate have a word that means “pretexts.” With this text, this line means that the unfriendly person looks for opportunities to quarrel with others. For example:

    seeks pretexts (RSV) (NAB, RSV)

It is recommended that you follow option (1), along with most versions and scholars.

Some other ways to translate the phrase pursues selfish desires are:

care only about themselves (NLT)

is self-indulgent (NRSV)

are selfish (NCV)

18:1b

he rebels against all sound judgment.

he rebels against all sound judgment: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as rebels is literally “breaks out.” For example:

he breaks out against all sound judgment (ESV)

This verb occurs only three times in the OT. The other two verses are also in Proverbs (17:14 and 20:3). In the other two verses, it refers to starting a quarrel or fight.NIDOTTE (H1679). Here it probably means “to oppose or refuse to obey.”

sound judgment: In this context, sound judgment probably refers to sensible policies, guidelines, or advice that others in society think are wise.Whybray (page 264), Ross (page 1022), Hubbard (page 208). Other ways to translate this line are:

sound policy (REB)

advice of any kind (NJB)

what everyone else knows is right (GNT)

See sound judgment in the Glossary.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

לְֽ֭⁠תַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ נִפְרָ֑ד & יִתְגַּלָּֽע

(to),desire seeks isolates & showing_contempt

One who separates himself and he refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “People who separate themselves seek for desire … those people break out”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

נִפְרָ֑ד

isolates

Here Solomon implies that this person separates himself from other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who keeps away from other people”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

לְֽ֭⁠תַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ

(to),desire seeks

Here Solomon implies that this person seeks to fulfill his own desire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “seeks to fulfill his own desire”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

בְּ⁠כָל־תּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗ה יִתְגַּלָּֽע

in=all sound_judgement showing_contempt

Here Solomon refers to someone refusing to act according to all sound wisdom as if all sound wisdom were a person with whom the One who separates himself starts a quarrel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated breaks out in [17:14](../17/14.md). Alternate translation: “he refuses to act according to all sound wisdom”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בְּ⁠כָל־תּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗ה

in=all sound_judgement

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of sound wisdom, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “against anything that is soundly wise”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. (to) desire
    2. desires
    3. 3705,8280
    5. 393281,393282
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274135
    1. he seeks
    2. -
    3. 1218
    5. 393283
    6. V-Vpi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274136
    1. one who separates himself
    2. separate
    3. 6403
    5. 393284
    6. S-VNrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274137
    1. in all
    2. -
    3. 846,3671
    5. 393285,393286
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274138
    1. sound wisdom
    2. sound wisdom
    3. 8445
    5. 393288
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274140
    1. he breaks out
    2. -
    3. 1530
    5. 393289
    6. V-Vti3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274141

OET (OET-LV) (to)_desire he_seeks one_who_separates_himself in_all sound_wisdom he_breaks_out.

OET (OET-RV) People who keep themselves separate, seek their own desires,
 ⇔ They reject sound wisdom.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ↨ PROV 18:1 ↑ → ► ║ ©