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Prov 23 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33 V34 V35

OET interlinear PROV 23:1

◄ ↨ PROV 23:1 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. כִּי
    2. 395092
    3. if/because
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275552
    2. 395093
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275553
    1. תֵשֵׁב
    2. 395094
    3. you will sit down
    4. sit
    5. 3427
    6. V-Vqi2ms
    7. you_will_sit_down
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275554
    1. לִ,לְחוֹם
    2. 395095,395096
    3. to eat
    4. eat
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    7. to,eat
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275555
    1. אֶת
    2. 395097
    3. with
    4. -
    5. 854
    6. S-R
    7. with
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275556
    2. 395098
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275557
    1. מוֹשֵׁל
    2. 395099
    3. a ruler
    4. -
    5. 4910
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    7. a_ruler
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275558
    1. בִּין
    2. 395100
    3. carefully (consider)
    4. -
    5. 995
    6. S-Vqa
    7. carefully_(consider)
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275559
    1. תָּבִין
    2. 395101
    3. you will consider
    4. -
    5. 995
    6. V-Vqj2ms
    7. you_will_consider
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275560
    1. אֶת
    2. 395102
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275561
    2. 395103
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275562
    1. אֲשֶׁר
    2. 395104
    3. that which
    4. -
    6. O-Tr
    7. [that]_which
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275563
    1. לְ,פָנֶֽי,ךָ
    2. 395105,395106,395107
    3. +is before of you
    4. -
    5. 6440
    6. P-R,Ncbpc,Sp2ms
    7. [is],before_of,you
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275564
    2. 395108
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275565

OET (OET-LV) if/because you_will_sit_down to_eat with a_ruler carefully_(consider) you_will_consider DOM that_which is_before_of_you.

OET (OET-RV) When you sit down to eat with a political leader,
 ⇔ pay attention to what’s in front of you,

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 22:17–24:22: Here are thirty sayings of wise people

This section follows the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (10:1–22:16). It differs in significant ways from this preceding section:These differences were summarized from a number of commentaries, including UBS (page 472), Waltke (2004, page 22), and Hubbard (page 351).

  1. The preceding section has mostly two-line proverbs that are one verse in length. This section has proverbs of a different form. They are sayings that range from one to seven verses. Most of the sayings are two or three verses in length. Each saying will be marked as a separate paragraph in the Notes.

  2. Many of the proverbs in the preceding section express a general principle. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. Most of the sayings here contain direct commands. They advise the reader or listener either to follow wise behavior or avoid foolish behavior. Most of the sayings also give a reason or motive for following the command.

  3. As in chapters 1–9, the author addresses his reader or listener as a father who advises his son. He uses second person commands and pronouns (you(sing)). See the note on 23:15 for a list of verses where the words “my son” occur.

Some other headings for this section are:

Thirty Wise Sayings (CEV)

Words of the Wise (ESV)

Thirty Sayings of the Wise (NIV11)

Verse 22:20 mentions “thirty sayings,” but the Hebrew text itself does not number the sayings. Some versions that use the word “thirty” in the section heading also give a number as a separate heading for each saying. The GNT and CEV start numbering the sayings at 22:22. They have a total of thirty-one paragraphs. In these versions, the first paragraph (22:17–21) serves as an introduction to the thirty sayings (22:22–24:22).Scholars who identify 22:17–21 as the first saying include Hubbard (page 352), Fox (page 707), and Waltke (2004, page 22). Scholars who identify these verses as an introduction to the sayings that follow include Whybray (page 325) and Murphy (page 170). See also the NET footnote (b) on 22:16. Whether these introductory verses form the first saying or simply introduce the following sayings, all scholars agree that they function as an introduction to the whole section. Other versions, such as the NIV, NCV, and NLT, divide the paragraphs in the same way but do not have separate headings for each section. You may use either option in your translation.The NIV11 gives a number as a separate heading for each saying. But it counts the first paragraph as the first saying, and has a total of thirty paragraphs. Other versions have more or fewer paragraphs. For example, the ESV and NRSV have fifteen paragraphs. The NJB has thirty-four. Still other versions, such as the RSV, NET, and NJPS, do not group the verses into sayings or paragraphs.

For the convenience of those who decide to identify the number of each saying in their translation, the Notes will put the number in the paragraph headings, using the same numbering system as the GNT or CEV. These numbers will not be used in the Display.

Paragraph 23:1–3 Saying 6

In this saying, the author continues to address his readers as a father who advises his son. He advises the young man to be careful in the way he conducts himself when he eats with an important person. It is implied that the host may have prepared the plentiful and tasty food in order to test the young man’s self-control.Longman (page 422–423), Murphy (page 174).

The first two verses do not contain parallel parts.

23:1–8

The three sayings in 23:1–8 are all related by a common theme or at least a common implication. This theme is that the actual situation is not what it seems to be. Sayings 6 and 8 both imply that a person who invites someone to a meal is not necessarily motivated by friendship. Saying 7 implies that people expect wealth to provide lasting security, but it does not.Waltke (page 237).

23:1a

When you sit down to dine with a ruler,

When you sit down to dine with a ruler: This clause gives the setting for the rest of the saying. It describes a situation where the young man has been invited to share a meal with a person who has political power or authority. This person could be a king, governor, or other official who has the influence to affect the young man’s career. Some other ways to translate this clause are:

If you sit down to eat with a ruler (NCV)

When you sit down to eat with someone important (GNT)

sit down: Most versions specify sit, as in the Hebrew. But there is no emphasis here on the young man’s physical position. In some languages, it may be more natural to leave this detail implied. For example:

When you are invited to eat with a king (CEV)

23:1b

consider carefully what is set before you,

consider carefully what is set before you: There are two ways to interpret the word that the BSB translates as what. The word could also mean “who.”

  1. The word means “what.” It refers to the food that is placed before the young man. For example:

    observe carefully what is before you (NRSV) (BSB, ESV, GW, KJV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NJB, NLT, NRSV, REB)

  2. The word means “who.” It refers to the ruler who is in front of the young man. For example:

    consider well who is before you (NJPS) (NAB, NJPS, GNT)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Most English versions, as well as the LXX and other ancient translations, follow this interpretation.Waltke, Cohen, and Fox all give reasons against interpretation (2) based on Hebrew word usage. Waltke (page 238) says that interpretation (2) would normally have a direct object pronoun “him” rather than the relative pronoun “who/what.” Fox (page 720) and Cohen (page 152) both say that interpretation (2) would have required a wording such as “before whom you sit.”

consider carefully: In Hebrew, the verb phrase that the BSB translates as consider carefully is emphatic. It means “consider carefully” or “be sure to understand.”Hubbard (page 357), Garrett (page 195).

The following context implies that the young man should think carefully about the implications of the plentiful food. He should consider how to behave appropriately in that kind of situation. In some languages, it may be helpful to make some of this implied information explicit. For example:

Think carefully about what all that food in front of you means/implies.

uW Translation Notes:

[23:1](../23/01.md)–3 is Saying 6 of the 30 “words of the wise ones.”

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

מוֹשֵׁ֑ל

ruler

The word ruler represents rulers in general, not one particular ruler. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any ruler”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר

DOM DOM which/who

This could refer to: (1) the food that is put in front of you. Alternate translation: “what food” or “the food that” (2) the person seated in front of you. Alternate translation: “who” or “the person who”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

23:1-3 Saying 6: Many proverbs address young men in government service. A ruler’s rich fare might tempt a novice to overindulge through lack of self-control. But he will be vulnerable when sated.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 395092
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275552
    1. you will sit down
    2. sit
    3. 3311
    5. 395094
    6. V-Vqi2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275554
    1. to eat
    2. eat
    3. 3705,3811
    5. 395095,395096
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275555
    1. with
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 395097
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275556
    1. a ruler
    2. -
    3. 4765
    5. 395099
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275558
    1. carefully (consider)
    2. -
    3. 940
    5. 395100
    6. S-Vqa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275559
    1. you will consider
    2. -
    3. 940
    5. 395101
    6. V-Vqj2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275560
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 395102
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275561
    1. that which
    2. -
    3. 238
    5. 395104
    6. O-Tr
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275563
    1. +is before of you
    2. -
    3. 3705,6376,1978
    5. 395105,395106,395107
    6. P-R,Ncbpc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275564

OET (OET-LV) if/because you_will_sit_down to_eat with a_ruler carefully_(consider) you_will_consider DOM that_which is_before_of_you.

OET (OET-RV) When you sit down to eat with a political leader,
 ⇔ pay attention to what’s in front of you,

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ↨ PROV 23:1 ↑ → ► ║ ©