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(All still tentative.)
KJB-1611 1 The kings combine against Israel. 3 The Gibeonites by craft obtaine a League. 16 For which they are condemned to perpetual bondage.
Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: sin)
In 3:10 the Israelites are given a list of the nations that they are told to “dispossess” from the land. This list includes the Hivites. In 9:1-2 the author of Joshua records that when the kings on the west side of the Jordan River heard what the Israelites had done to Ai that they made an agreement to fight against the Israelites. The list in 9:2 of kings that agreed to fight against the Israelites includes “the Hivite.” The author records in 9:3-4 that when “those who dwelled in Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to the Ai … they … acted with cunning.” The author then records in 9:7 that those who dwelled in Gibeon were “Hivite.” The Hivite nation consisted of multiple people groups of whom the Gibeonites were just one. This is why the author could say in 9:1-2 that among the kings who gathered to fight the Israelites were Hivites and also say that the Gibeonites were Hivites.