MARK 2:22 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) And no one puts new wine into old wineskins, because the wine will burst the already stretched wineskins, and then both the wine and the wineskins will be destroyed. New wine must be put into new wineskins.”

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT And no one puts new wine into old wineskins, but if not, the wine will burst the wineskins and the wine and the wineskins are destroyed, but new wine into new wineskins.”

UST Similarly, people do not put fresh wine into old skin bags to store it. However, suppose that they did. The fresh wine would ferment and expand and tear open the skin bags. That would ruin the wine and the skin bags. So, in contrast, people put fresh wine into new skin bags.”

BSB And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the wine will burst the skins, and [both] the wine and the wineskins will be ruined. Instead, new wine [is poured] into new wineskins.”[fn]

2:22 Tischendorf does not include Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.

MSB And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the new wine will burst the skins, the wine will spill out, and the wineskins will be ruined.[fn] Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.”[fn]

2:22 CT If he does, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the wineskins will be ruined.

2:22 Tischendorf does not include Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.

BLB And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the wine will burst the wineskins, and the wine will be destroyed--and the wineskins. Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins."

AICNT “And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; if he does, {the wine will burst the wineskins, and the wine is lost as well as the wineskins}.[fn] [But new wine is for new wineskins.]”[fn]

2:22, the wine will burst the wineskins, and the wine is lost as well as the wineskins: Some manuscripts read “the new wine bursts the wineskins, and the wine is spilled and the wineskins ruined.”

2:22, But new wine is for new wineskins: Absent from some manuscripts.

OEB And no one ever puts new wine into old wine-skins; if they do, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the skins are lost. But new wine is put into fresh skins.’

WEBBE No one puts new wine into old wineskins; or else the new wine will burst the skins, and the wine pours out, and the skins will be destroyed; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins.”

WMBB (Same as above)

NET And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the skins will be destroyed. Instead new wine is poured into new wineskins.”

LSV and no one puts new wine into old skins, and if not—the new wine bursts the skins, and the wine is poured out, and the skins will be destroyed; but new wine is to be put into new skins.”

FBV No one puts new wine in old wineskins. Otherwise the wine will burst the wineskins, and both the wine and wineskins will be wasted. No. You put new wine in new wineskins.”

TCNT And no one puts new wine into old wineskins. For the [fn]new wine would burst the wineskins; the wine would be [fn]spilled, and the wineskins would be ruined. But new wine [fn]must be put into new wineskins.”

2:22 new ¦ — CT

2:22 spilled, and the wineskins would be ruined ¦ ruined, and so would the wineskins ECM NA SBL WH

2:22 must be put into 97.5% ¦ is for CT 0.3%

T4T Similarly, people do not put newly squeezed grape juice into old skin bags to store it. If they did that, that juice will burst the skin bags because they would not stretch when the wine ferments and expands. As a result both the wine and the skin bags would be ruined! On the contrary, people must put new wine into new skin bags!” [MET]

LEB And no one puts new wine into old wineskins. _⌊Otherwise_⌋[fn] the wine will burst the wineskins and the wine is destroyed and the wineskins too. But new wine is put into new wineskins.”

2:22 Literally “but if not”

BBE And no man puts new wine into old wine-skins: or the skins will be burst by the wine, and the wine and the skins will be wasted: but new wine has to be put into new wine-skins.

Moff no one pours fresh wine into old wineskins,
⇔ otherwise the wine will burst the wineskins,
⇔ and both wine and wineskins are ruined."

Wymth And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. Otherwise the wine would burst the skins, and both wine and skins would be lost. New wine needs fresh skins!"

ASV And no man putteth new wine into old wine-skins; else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perisheth, and the skins: but they put new wine into fresh wine-skins.

DRA And no man putteth new wine into old bottles: otherwise the wine will burst the bottles, and both the wine will be spilled, and the bottles will be lost. But new wine must be put into new bottles.

YLT and no one doth put new wine into old skins, and if not — the new wine doth burst the skins, and the wine is poured out, and the skins will be destroyed; but new wine into new skins is to be put.'

Drby And no one puts new wine into old skins; otherwise the wine bursts the skins, and the wine is poured out, and the skins will be destroyed; but new wine is to be put into new skins.

RV And no man putteth new wine into old wineskins: else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perisheth, and the skins: but they put new wine into fresh wineskins.
(And no man putteth/puts new wine into old wineskins: else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perisheth, and the skins: but they put new wine into fresh wineskins. )

SLT And none puts new wine in old wine-skins: and lest the new wine rend the wine-skins, and the wine be poured out, and the wine-skins perish; but they put new wine in new wine-skins.

Wbstr And no man putteth new wine into old bottles, else the new wine doth burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will be marred: but new wine must be put into new bottles.

KJB-1769 And no man putteth new wine into old bottles: else the new wine doth burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will be marred: but new wine must be put into new bottles.
( And no man putteth/puts new wine into old bottles: else the new wine doth/does burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will be marred: but new wine must be put into new bottles. )

KJB-1611 And no man putteth new wine into old bottles, else the new wine doeth burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will bee marred: But new wine must bee put into new bottles.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation)

Bshps And no man powreth newe wine into olde vessels: els the newe wine doth burst the vessels, and the wine runneth out, and the vessels are marred: But newe wine, must be put into newe vessels.
(And no man poureth/pours new wine into old vessels: else the new wine doth/does burst the vessels, and the wine runneth/runs out, and the vessels are marred: But new wine, must be put into new vessels.)

Gnva Likewise, no man putteth newe wine into old vessels: for els the new wine breaketh the vessels, and the wine runneth out, and the vessels are lost: but newe wine must be put into new vessels.
(Likewise, no man putteth/puts new wine into old vessels: for else the new wine breaketh/breaks the vessels, and the wine runneth/runs out, and the vessels are lost: but new wine must be put into new vessels. )

Cvdl And no man putteh new wyne into olde vessels, els the new wyne breaketh the vessels, and the wyne is spylt, and ye vessels perishe: but new wyne must be put in to new vessels.
(And no man putteh new wine into old vessels, else the new wine breaketh/breaks the vessels, and the wine is spylt, and ye/you_all vessels perish: but new wine must be put in to new vessels.)

TNT In lyke wyse no man poureth newe wyne into olde vessels: for yf he do the newe wyne breaketh the vessels and the wyne runneth out and the vessels are marred. But new wyne must be poured into new vessels.
(In likewise no man poureth/pours new wine into old vessels: for if he do the new wine breaketh/breaks the vessels and the wine runneth/runs out and the vessels are marred. But new wine must be poured into new vessels. )

Wycl And no man puttith newe wyn in to elde botelis, ellis the wyn schal breste the botels, and the wyn schal be sched out, and the botels schulen perische. But newe wyn schal be put into newe botels.
(And no man putteth/puts new wine in to old botelis, else the wine shall breast/cheste the botels, and the wine shall be shed out, and the botels should perish. But new wine shall be put into new botels.)

Luth Und niemand fasset Most in alte Schläuche; anders zerreißet der Most die Schläuche, und der Wein wird verschüttet, und die Schläuche kommen um. Sondern man soll Most in neue Schläuche fassen.
(And no_one summarises cider in old Schläuche; different torn the/of_the cider the Schläuche, and the/of_the wine becomes buried, and the Schläuche coming um. Sondern man should cider in new Schläuche grasp/take/touch.)

ClVg Et nemo mittit vinum novum in utres veteres: alioquin dirumpet vinum utres, et vinum effundetur, et utres peribunt: sed vinum novum in utres novos mitti debet.[fn]
(And nobody/no_one sends wine new in/into/on bottles old_people: otherwise dirumpet wine bottles, and wine will_be_poured_out, and bottles they_will_perish: but wine new in/into/on bottles news mitti must. )

2.22 Sed vinum novum. Erant autem novi, cum post ascensionem desiderio consolationis ejus sperando et orando innovabantur: tunc Spiritum sanctum acceperunt, quo quasi novo musto novi utres repleti sunt.

2.22 But wine new. They_were however new, when/with after ascension desire of_consolation his hopendo and praying innovabantur: then Spirit holy they_received, where as_if new musto new bottles filled are.

UGNT καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς; εἰ δὲ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί; ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς.
(kai oudeis ballei oinon neon eis askous palaious; ei de maʸ ɽaʸxei ho oinos tous askous, kai ho oinos apollutai kai hoi askoi; alla oinon neon eis askous kainous.)

SBL-GNT καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή, ⸂ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος⸃ τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ⸂ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί⸃. ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς ⸀καινούς.
(kai oudeis ballei oinon neon eis askous palaious; ei de maʸ, ⸂ɽaʸxei ho oinos⸃ tous askous, kai ho oinos ⸂apollutai kai hoi askoi⸃. alla oinon neon eis askous ⸀kainous.)

RP-GNT Καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή, ῥήσσει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται· ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς βλητέον.
(Kai oudeis ballei oinon neon eis askous palaious; ei de maʸ, ɽaʸssei ho oinos ho neos tous askous, kai ho oinos ekⱪeitai kai hoi askoi apolountai; alla oinon neon eis askous kainous blaʸteon.)

TC-GNT Καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή, [fn]ῥήσσει ὁ οἶνος [fn]ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος [fn]ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται· [fn]ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς [fn]βλητέον.
(Kai oudeis ballei oinon neon eis askous palaious; ei de maʸ, ɽaʸssei ho oinos ho neos tous askous, kai ho oinos ekⱪeitai kai hoi askoi apolountai; alla oinon neon eis askous kainous blaʸteon. )

2:22 ρησσει ¦ ρηξει CT

2:22 ο νεος ¦ — CT

2:22 εκχειται και οι ασκοι απολουνται ¦ απολλυται και οι ασκοι ECM NA SBL WH

2:22 αλλα ¦ αλλ ECM NA²⁸

2:22 βλητεον 97.5% ¦ — CT 0.3%

Key for above GNTs: red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 2:18–22: People asked Jesus about fasting

At the time when Jesus lived, Jewish people often went without eating food for one or more days. They did this to show they were sorry for their sins or to ask for favor from God. This is called “fasting.”

In this section people asked Jesus why he and his disciples did not fast. Jesus answered the question about fasting. Then he indicated that he was teaching a new way to live for God. His new way would not fit into the old traditions. To illustrate this point, Jesus used three comparisons:

To explain why his disciples did not fast, Jesus compared himself to a bridegroom, and he compared his disciples to wedding guests. They could not fast while he was with them.
To show that his way and the old traditions did not match, Jesus compared his new way to new cloth. The old traditional ways were like an old garment. No one would sew new cloth onto an old garment.
Then Jesus compared his new way to new wine and the old way to old wineskins. When new wine was put into old wineskins, both were ruined.

This section can be difficult for people to understand because Jesus used comparisons to illustrate a point, but he did not make the point explicit. The point was that he was teaching a new way that was different from the old Jewish traditions. In some languages it may be necessary to include a footnote to explain this.

In this section there are some ideas that may not be familiar in certain cultures. For example:

fasting
Jewish wedding customs about bridegrooms
sewing patches onto cloth
new wine and old wineskins

Consider carefully how to translate each of these ideas in a meaningful way in your language. The Notes for this section will give suggestions.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

Jesus taught that his new way was different from Jewish traditions

Jesus’ new way and the old ways

This story also occurs in Matthew 9:14–17 and Luke 5:33–39.

Paragraph 2:22

In this paragraph Jesus gave another illustration to show that his new way of life was different from the old way that the Jewish leaders taught. He compared his teaching to new wine. The traditions were like old animal skins that people sewed together to make containers for storing wine. The BSB calls these containers “wineskins.” If a person put new wine into old wineskins, the skins would burst. Jesus’ new way was too different to fit into the old traditions of the Jewish people.

2:22a

And no one pours new wine into old wineskins.

¶ Here is another example. People do not take wine that was just made and pour it into old containers while it ferments.
¶ Mixing my teaching with the traditions of the Jewish religious leaders is like storing new wine in old containers made of animal skins. No one does that.

And: The Greek connector that the BSB translates as And introduces another illustration. Jesus gave this illustration to show again that he was teaching new things that did not fit the old traditions. Here are several possible ways to introduce this illustration.

Use a quote introducer here. For example:
Then Jesus gave another example, saying, “And…”
Introduce the illustration within the quote itself. For example:
Here is a similar example:
Use a connector that indicates the similarity of this illustration with the one in 2:21. For example:
Likewise
In a similar way

no one pours new wine into old wineskins: As in 2:21a, the word that the BSB translates as no one introduces a general statement that is true of everyone. In some languages it may be natural to introduce this statement with a general word like “people” or with a pronoun like “you” or “they.” For example:

People also do not pour new wine into old wineskins.

Similarly, you do not pour new wine into old wineskins.

See the note on Paragraph 2:22 for information about the meaning of this illustration.

pours: In the context, pours refers to putting wine into a container in order to store it there. There would be no harm in pouring new wine into old wineskins in order to drink it right away.

new wine into old wineskins: When new wine ferments, it produces gas. This builds up pressure and causes the wineskin to stretch or expand. New wine would be put into new skins because these could stretch. Old wineskins would have been stretched once before and so no longer would not be able to stretch any further.

new wine: The term new wine means wine that has been pressed recently from grapes and is not yet fermented (or is just beginning to ferment).

Here are some other ways to translate new wine:

wine that is only beginning to ferment

still fermenting wine

wine: The word wine refers to alcoholic drink made from the juice of a fruit called grapes. When grape juice ferments, it becomes wine.

In some areas, people may not be familiar with grapes or with wine. If that is true in your area, here are some other ways to translate wine:

Use a general term for an alcoholic drink.
Use a specific term that can also be used to refer to alcoholic drinks in general. For example:
millet beer
palm wine
something like palm wine
Use a descriptive phrase. For example:
fruit juice/water
grape juice
fermented grape juice

wineskins: The Jews used animal skins to make containers for storing their wine. (The most common animal skin that they used was goat.)

Wineskins are not common in many areas of the world. In many languages you may need to use a descriptive phrase. For example:

wine containers made of goat skin

leather bags for storing wine

In some cultures people do not use animal skins to store wine. They may not understand the reason that people did not put new wine in old skins. If that is true in your culture, consider explaining this in a footnote. For example:

Wineskins were made out of whole goat hides that had the neck and feet openings tied shut. New wineskins were able to expand as the wine fermented, but old wineskins were no longer able to expand.

2:22b

If he does, the wine will burst the skins,

Otherwise, the wine will expand and cause the containers to burst.
If a person tries to do that, the new wine will ferment and swell, causing the old animal skins to break.

If he does: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as If he does was also used in 2:21b in a slightly shorter form. See the note on 2:21b. Here it introduces the result of doing what 2:22a indicated that no one normally does. Use a natural connector in your language for this context.

the wine will burst the skins: The verb will burst here means “will break.” It is implied that the wine will expand or ferment and then cause the skins to burst. The CEV makes this implied information explicit:

The wine would swell and burst the old skins. (CEV)

You may need to make this information explicit in your language.

2:22c

and both the wine and the wineskins will be ruined.

Then both the wine and the containers will be spoiled.
And so] the wine will be lost and the skins/containers will be ruined.

both the wine and the wineskins will be ruined: This clause expresses the final bad result of 2:22a–b: no one would be able to use either the wine or the wineskins again. They would both be spoiled. In order to avoid this result, people do not put new wine into old wineskins.

2:22d

Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.”

Rather, people must pour wine that was just made into new containers.”
No, my new teaching requires new ways of thinking and acting, just as a person needs to put new wine into new/fresh animal skins.”

In this part of the verse Jesus gave the conclusion to his illustration in this verse. In the metaphor, new wine represents Jesus’ power and the new way of living that he was teaching. The new wineskins represent new traditions, that is, new ways of thinking and acting. Jesus’ new teaching must go along with new ways of thinking and acting.

Instead: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as Instead introduces a contrast between 2:22c and 2:22d. In 2:22c Jesus described what people do not do, but in 2:22d he described what people do and should do.

Here are some ways other English versions translate the conjunction:

But (NCV)

No, (NIV)

Rather (GW)

Express the connection in a natural way in your language.

new wine is poured into new wineskins: The phrase that the BSB translates as new wine is poured into new wineskins supplies the passive phrase is poured, while the Greek has the elliptical phrase, “new wine into new wineskins.” It implies that someone poured the new wine into new wineskins. In some languages it may be necessary to make this verb active and provide a subject. If that is true in your language, it is best to use a general subject. For example:

people pour new wine into new wineskins

people must put new wine into fresh skins.

The sentence that the BSB translates as new wine is poured into new wineskins is another statement that is true for everyone. Be sure that your translation of this sentence fits with the way you translated 2:22a–c.

Here are some other ways to translate this:

Instead, new wine must be poured into fresh wineskins. (GNT)

But you should pour new wine into new wineskins.

General Comment on 2:22a–d

In some languages it may be necessary to make explicit some of the meaning of Jesus’ illustration about the wine skins. Here is one suggestion:

Mixing my teaching with the old traditions is like putting unfermented wine into old, dry goatskin containers. People do not do that because they know that when the wine ferments and expands, the containers will not be able to expand, and thus burst. The result is that both the wine is lost and the wineskin is ruined. People know that new wine must be put into new goatskins that won’t break. In the same way, you should not mix my teaching with the old traditions.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parables

καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς; εἰ δὲ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί; ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐδείς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς παλαιούς εἰ δέ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τούς ἀσκούς καί ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καί οἱ ἀσκοί Ἀλλά οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς καινούς βλητέον)

To help the people who asked the question understand why his disciples do not fast, Jesus offers another brief illustration. He wants them to think of the new things that he teaches and does as new wine and of the current ways of doing things as if they were old wineskins. You should preserve the form of the parable, but if it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly that what Jesus does and teaches is like the new wine, and the normal way of doing things is like old wineskins. Alternate translation: [And no one puts new wine into old wineskins, but if not, the wine will burst the wineskins and the wine and the wineskins are destroyed, but new wine into new wineskins. What I say and do is like the new wine, and the normal way of doing things is like the old wineskins.]

Note 2 topic: translate-unknown

ἀσκοὺς…ἀσκοὺς

These were bags made out of animal skins. They were used for holding wine. If your readers would not be familiar with wineskins, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: [leather bags … leather bags]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / hypo

εἰ δὲ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί

if (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐδείς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς παλαιούς εἰ δέ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τούς ἀσκούς καί ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καί οἱ ἀσκοί Ἀλλά οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς καινούς βλητέον)

Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: [but if someone actually did, the wine would burst the wineskins and the wine and the wineskins would be destroyed] or [but were a person to do that, the wine would burst the wineskins and the wine and the wineskins would be destroyed]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς

˓will_be˒_bursting the wine (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐδείς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς παλαιούς εἰ δέ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τούς ἀσκούς καί ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καί οἱ ἀσκοί Ἀλλά οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς καινούς βλητέον)

Here Jesus implies that the new wine, when it ferments, will expand and burst the wineskins, which are old and so no longer able to stretch. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [when the wine ferments, the wineskins cannot stretch and will burst]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί

the wine the wine ˓is_being˒_destroyed (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί οὐδείς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς παλαιούς εἰ δέ μή ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος τούς ἀσκούς καί ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται καί οἱ ἀσκοί Ἀλλά οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκούς καινούς βλητέον)

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [the wine and the wineskins become useless] or [this destroys the wine and the wineskins]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς

Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [but people put new wine into new wineskins]