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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) And Yeshua replied, “You’ve read yourselves what David did when him and his men were hungry.![]()
OET-LV And he_is_saying to_them:
You_all_ never _read what Dawid/(Dāvid) did, when he_had need and he and the ones with him hungered?
![]()
SR-GNT Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, “Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ; ‡
(Kai legei autois, “Oudepote anegnōte ti epoiaʸsen Dawid, hote ⱪreian esⱪen kai epeinasen, autos kai hoi metʼ autou;)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT And he says to them, “Have you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and the ones with him—
UST Jesus replied, “Consider the story in the Scriptures about what King David did when he and the men who were with him became very hungry but did not have any food.
BSB [Jesus] replied, “Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need?
MSB (Same as BSB above)
BLB And He said to them, "Did you never read what David did when he had need, and he and those with him hungered--
AICNT And he said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he was in need and was hungry, he and those with him,
OEB ‘Have you never read,’ answered Jesus, ‘what David did when he was in need and hungry, he and his companions –
WEBBE He said to them, “Did you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry—he, and those who were with him?
WMBB (Same as above)
NET He said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he was in need and he and his companions were hungry –
LSV And He said to them, “Did you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and those with him?
FBV “Haven't you ever read what David did when he and his men were hungry and in need?” Jesus asked them.
TCNT He said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and those who were with him,
T4T Jesus wanted to show them that the record in the Scriptures indicated that God permitted people to disobey certain religious laws when they needed food. So he said to them, “It is written in the Scriptures what our revered ancestor, King David, did when he needed food, and both he and the men with him were hungry. You have read about that, but ◄you do not think about what it implies./why do you not think about what it implies?► [RHQ]
LEB And he said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he had need and he and those who were with him were hungry—
BBE And he said to them, Have you no knowledge of what David did, when he had need and was without food, he, and those who were with him?
Moff He said to them, "Have you never read what David did when he was in need and hungry, he and his men?
Wymth "Have you never read," Jesus replied, "what David did when the necessity arose and he and his men were hungry:
ASV And he said unto them, Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry, he, and they that were with him?
DRA And he said to them: Have you never read what David did when he had need, and was hungry himself, and they that were with him?
YLT And he said to them, 'Did ye never read what David did, when he had need and was hungry, he and those with him?
Drby And he said to them, Have ye never read what David did when he had need and hungered, he and those with him,
RV And he said unto them, Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?
(And he said unto them, Did ye/you_all never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungered, he, and they that were with him? )
SLT And he said to them, Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and hungered, himself, and those with him?
Wbstr And he said to them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry, he and they that were with him?
KJB-1769 And he said unto them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?
(And he said unto them, Have ye/you_all never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungered, he, and they that were with him? )
KJB-1611 And he said vnto them, Haue ye neuer read what Dauid did, when hee had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above)
Bshps And he sayde vnto them: Haue ye neuer read what Dauid did, when he had nede, and was an hungred, both he, and they that were with hym?
(And he said unto them: Have ye/you_all never read what David did, when he had nede, and was an hungered, both he, and they that were with him?)
Gnva And he saide to them, Haue yee neuer read what Dauid did when he had neede, and was an hungred, both he, and they that were with him?
(And he said to them, Have ye/you_all never read what David did when he had neede, and was an hungered, both he, and they that were with him? )
Cvdl And he sayde vnto the: Haue ye neuer red what Dauid dyd, wha he had nede, and was anhongred, both he and they that were wt him:
(And he said unto them: Have ye/you_all never red what David did, what he had nede, and was anhongred, both he and they that were with him:)
TNT And he sayde to them: have ye never rede what David dyd when he had nede and was anhogred bothe he and they that were with him?
(And he said to them: have ye/you_all never read what David did when he had need and was anhogred both he and they that were with him? )
Wycl And he seide to hem, Radden ye neuer what Dauid dide, whanne he hadde nede, and he hungride, and thei that weren with hym?
(And he said to hem, Radden ye/you_all never what David did, when he had nede, and he hungered, and they that were with him?)
Luth Und er sprach zu ihnen: Habt ihr nie gelesen, was David tat, da es ihm not war und ihn hungerte samt denen, die bei ihm waren,
(And he spoke to/for to_them: Have you(pl)/their/her never read, what/which David did, there it him not what/which and him/it starved together_with those, the at/in him were,)
ClVg Et ait illis: Numquam legistis quid fecerit David, quando necessitatem habuit, et esuriit ipse, et qui cum eo erant?[fn]
(And he_said to_them: Numquam have_you_read what he_did David, when necessity had, and esuriit exactly_that/himself, and who/which when/with by_him they_were? )
2.25 Nunquam legistis, etc. Præ cæteris in medium affert Davidem, qui legis sanctimoniæ adversatus videri potuit. Facit autem hoc eo consilio quo per honorem et reverentiam quam Davidi deferebant, compescat impudentem sycophantiam, quam apostolis maligne intentarunt. Quasi diceret: An non Davidem legis servitute obstrictum meministis? Ego autem, etsi Filius hominis dicar, sabbati Dominus sum.
2.25 Nunquam have_you_read, etc. Præ the_rests in/into/on medium brings Davidem, who/which law sanctimonious/feeling_superior adversatus to_seem could. Facit however this by_him by_design/by_the_advice where through honour and reverentiam how Davidi they_carried, compescat impudentem sycophantiam, how apostles maligne intentarunt. As_if would_say: An not/no Davidem law servitude obstrictum meministis? I however, even_though Son of_man sayar, sabbath Master I_am.
UGNT καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ?
(kai legei autois, oudepote anegnōte ti epoiaʸsen Daueid, hote ⱪreian esⱪen kai epeinasen, autos kai hoi met’ autou?)
SBL-GNT καὶ ⸀λέγει αὐτοῖς· Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ;
(kai ⸀legei autois; Oudepote anegnōte ti epoiaʸsen Dawid hote ⱪreian esⱪen kai epeinasen autos kai hoi metʼ autou;)
RP-GNT Καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυίδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ' αὐτοῦ;
(Kai autos elegen autois, Oudepote anegnōte ti epoiaʸsen Dawid, hote ⱪreian esⱪen kai epeinasen autos kai hoi met' autou;)
TC-GNT Καὶ [fn]αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς, Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησε [fn]Δαυίδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχε καὶ ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ;
(Kai autos elegen autois, Oudepote anegnōte ti epoiaʸse Dawid, hote ⱪreian esⱪe kai epeinasen autos kai hoi meta autou; )
Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).
2:23-28 In this controversy, Jesus and his disciples are accused of breaking the Sabbath (Exod 20:8-11). Picking grain by hand in another person’s field was lawful (Deut 23:25). The charge was that by rubbing the chaff from the kernels, the disciples were working on the Sabbath, which was forbidden (Exod 34:21).
In the Old Testament God commanded the Jewish people to rest on the seventh day of each week. They called this day the “Sabbath.” The Pharisees made many strict rules about what people were not allowed to do on the Sabbath.
In this section, Jesus allowed his disciples to pick and eat grain on the Sabbath. Some Pharisees saw the disciples doing that and rebuked Jesus. Jesus told the Pharisees a story about King David to show them that the way they thought about the Sabbath was wrong. He told them that he had the authority to decide what was right or wrong to do on the Sabbath.
Here are some other possible section headings:
Jesus taught that he had authority over what is done on the rest day
Jesus taught the true meaning of the Sabbath day
This story also occurs in Matthew 12:1–8 and Luke 6:1–5.
In these verses Jesus responded to the Pharisees’ accusation by referring to a story about King David, who had lived long ago.When Jewish leaders debated, they often referred to teachings and stories from the Bible to support their statements. This story is found in 1 Samuel 21:1–6.
In order for readers to understand this story, they need to know certain background information about Jewish history and culture. It may be necessary to include footnotes in your translation to explain some of this background information. You may also need to make some of the implied information explicit in the text. The notes on these verses will give suggestions.
In Greek, 2:25–26 are one long question. In many languages, it will be necessary to express this in shorter sentences. It may also be necessary to change the order of some information in these verses. In some languages it may be most natural to combine the verses and number them together as 25–26. See the General Comment on 2:25–26 at the end of the notes on 2:26d for an example.
Jesus replied, “Have you never read what David did
Jesus replied to the Pharisees, “Do you(plur) not remember what David did?
Jesus replied to them, “Think about the Scriptures you(plur) have read concerning our great ancestor David and what he did
Then Jesus told them that they seemed not to understand what David did
Jesus replied: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as Jesus replied is literally “and he said to them.” Refer to both Jesus and the Pharisees in a natural way in your language for this context. In some languages you may need to use a more specific verb than “said.” Introduce Jesus’ speech in the most appropriate way in your language.
Have you never read what David did…?: The clause Have you never read what David did is the beginning of a rhetorical question.
Jesus used this clause in two ways:
He used it to introduce his answer to the Pharisees. In this question Jesus reminded them about a story of David in the Old Testament.
He used it to rebuke the Pharisees because they should have realized that the story about David indicated that God was concerned for his people. Jesus knew that the Pharisees had read this story, but their actions showed that they were ignoring it.
There are two ways to translate this rhetorical question:
As a question. For example:
Haven’t you ever read what David did…? (GW)
Didn’t you understand what you read about the time when David…?
As a statement. For example:
Surely you have read what David did…
You speak as if you have never read what David did…
Translate the rhetorical question in an appropriate way in your language for this context.
read: Jesus referred to something the Pharisees would have read in the Scriptures. If your readers would not understand that this story is in the Scriptures, you may need to supply this information. For example, the NLT has:
Haven’t you ever read in the Scriptures what David did…?
David: David was a king of Israel who lived many years before Jesus and the Pharisees. The Pharisees and the other Jewish people had great respect for David. This story happened in David’s early life before he became king. If your readers would not be familiar with the life of David, you should include some information about him in a footnote.
when he and his companions were hungry and in need?
Once he and his friends were very hungry and they needed food.
when he and his companions were very hungry.
This clause introduces a particular situation in David’s life. Jesus wanted the Pharisees to compare that situation with his disciples picking grain on the Sabbath.
when he and his companions were hungry and in need: In Greek this part of the verse is literally “when he had need and was hungry, he and those with him.” The order of these words expresses a focus on David as the one who asked for the consecrated bread. The BSB has used a different order because of English style. You should translate this clause in a way that is natural in your language.
he: The pronounhe refers to David.
his companions: David’s companions were the men who were with him at the time that Jesus told about.
were hungry and in need: The phrases hungry and in need refer to the same situation. David and his companions needed food because they were hungry. Using both phrases emphasizes the situation. In some languages it may be more natural to emphasize it in a different way. For example:
when he and his companions were very hungry
when he and his men were hungry and had nothing to eat (REB)
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / yousingular
οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυίδ ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καί ἐπείνασεν αὐτός καί οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ)
Because Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, the word you is plural.
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
χρείαν ἔσχεν
need ˱he˲_had
Here Jesus is implying that David did not have everything that he needed, especially food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [he had need of something to eat]