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OET interlinear LUKE 3:5

◄ ← LUKE 3:5 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Πάσα
    2. pas
    3. Every
    4. Every
    5. 39560
    6. E····NFS
    7. every
    8. every
    9. S
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39775
    1. φάραγξ
    2. faragx
    3. valley
    4. valley
    5. 53270
    6. N····NFS
    7. valley
    8. valley
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39776
    1. πληρωθήσεται
    2. plēroō
    3. will be being filled
    4. filled
    5. 41370
    6. VIFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ filled
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ filled
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39777
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39778
    1. παν
    2. pas
    3. every
    4. every
    5. 39560
    6. E····NNS
    7. every
    8. every
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39779
    1. ὄρος
    2. oros
    3. mountain
    4. mountain hill
    5. 37350
    6. N····NNS
    7. mountain
    8. mountain
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39780
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39781
    1. βουνός
    2. bounos
    3. hill
    4. -
    5. 10150
    6. N····NMS
    7. hill
    8. hill
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39782
    1. ταπεινωθήσεται
    2. tapeinoō
    3. will be being brought low
    4. -
    5. 50130
    6. VIFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ brought_low
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ brought_low
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39783
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39784
    1. ἔσται
    2. eimi
    3. will be
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VIFM3··S
    7. will_be
    8. will_be
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39785
    1. τά
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NNP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39786
    1. σκολιά
    2. skolios
    3. crooked
    4. crooked
    5. 46460
    6. S····NNP
    7. crooked
    8. crooked
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39787
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. into
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. into
    8. into
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39788
    1. εὐθεῖαν
    2. euthus
    3. straight
    4. straight
    5. 21170
    6. S····AFS
    7. straight
    8. straight
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39789
    1. εὐθείας
    2. euthus
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 21170
    6. S····AFP
    7. straight
    8. straight
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 39790
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39791
    1. αἱ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NFP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39792
    1. τροχίαι
    2. troχia
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 51630
    6. N····NFP
    7. paths
    8. paths
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 39793
    1. τραχεῖαι
    2. traχus
    3. rough
    4. rough
    5. 51380
    6. S····NFP
    7. rough
    8. rough
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39794
    1. εἰς
    2. eis
    3. into
    4. -
    5. 15190
    6. P·······
    7. into
    8. into
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39795
    1. ὁδούς
    2. hodos
    3. ways
    4. -
    5. 35980
    6. N····AFP
    7. ways
    8. ways
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39796
    1. λείας
    2. leios
    3. smooth
    4. smooth
    5. 30060
    6. A····AFP
    7. smooth
    8. smooth
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39797

OET (OET-LV) Every valley will_be_being_filled, and every mountain and hill will_be_being_brought_low, and the crooked will_be into straight, and the rough ways into smooth,

OET (OET-RV) Every valley will be filled up,
 ⇔ and every mountain and hill will be levelled off.
 ⇔ What’s crooked will be made straight,
 ⇔ and the rough roads will be made smooth.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 3:1–20: John the Baptizer prepared the way for Jesus

The last event in Luke 2 describes Jesus’ trip to Jerusalem when he was twelve years old. This section begins about eighteen years later. At the beginning of chapter 3, both Jesus and John the Baptizer were about thirty years old. Both men were ready to begin public ministry.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it. Some other possible headings for this section are:

The Preaching of John (NCV)

John the Baptist and Jesus (REB)

John the Baptizer tells people to prepare themselves for the Messiah

Parts of Luke 3:1–20 are basically the same as verses in Matthew 3:1–12. But Luke 3:1–2, 10–14, and 19–20 are not in Matthew.

Paragraph 3:4–6

About seven hundred years before John the Baptizer was born, the prophet Isaiah wrote about him. He wrote that someone would announce to people that the Lord was coming and that they should get ready for him (Isaiah 40:3–5). John the Baptizer fulfilled this prophecy.

Isaiah wrote that people should prepare the way/road for the Lord. This is a metaphor. When the Jewish people expected a king to come through their village, they prepared the road for him. John was telling the people to prepare themselves to receive the Lord by repenting. The Lord was coming to them as the Messiah (Jesus). (See Christ in the Glossary.)

3:5

There are two ways to interpret the clausesThe forms are future passive. in this verse:

  1. They describe things that should or must be done. For example:

    Every valley must be filled up (GNT) (GNT, CEV, NCV, NJB, NLT96)

  2. They describe things that will be done. For example:

    Every valley will be filled (GW) (NASB, NET, GW, NLT)

English versions that use “shall” are ambiguous (BSB, NIV, GNT, REB, KJV, JBP, ESV).In this context the verb “shall” indicates either (1) that the action must be done or (2) that it will certainly be done. It is possible that both views are true in some sense, that is, that the actions must be done and they will certainly be done.

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). It fits the context of John’s preaching that the people should repent and that their lives must show their repentance.

3:5a

Every valley shall be filled in,

In this verse, Isaiah continued to use the metaphor about preparing the Lord’s way. In the metaphor, the valleys must be filled in so that the road would be level. There are several possible interpretations of this metaphor, so it is good to not be too specific about the meaning here.

Every valley shall be filled in: The Greek verb that the BSB translates here as shall be filled in is passive. In some languages it may be more natural to translate this clause without using a passive verb. For example:

Every valley must become full

All the valleys must no longer be deep

In some languages it may be necessary to say who must or will fill up the valleys. Scholars have two main views about this:

  1. People must fill up the valleys. For example:

    People/You must fill every valley

    Fill up every valley (CEV)

  2. God will fill up the valleys. For example:

    God will fill every valley

In a sense, both interpretations are true. However, if you must choose, it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). The context focuses on the people’s actions that prepare for the Lord and show their repentance.

valley: A valley refers to a low area of land between hills or mountains. In this context it is a low place that contrasts with the hills and mountains.

filled in: The Greek verb that the BSB translates here as filled in indicates that the valleys should be made level by filling them with dirt and stones.

3:5b

and every mountain and hill made low.

In this part of the verse Isaiah continued to use metaphors about preparing the road. He indicated that the mountains and hills on the path/road should be made low. The mountains should be lowered and the valleys be filled so that the road would be level. Translate this part of the verse in a way that fits well with 3:5a.

and every mountain and hill made low: In this clause some words are implied before the phrase made low. For example:

and every mountain and hill should be made flat. (NCV)

This clause refers to taking soil from a hill or mountain and putting it in a lower place so that the road will be level. Another way to say this are:

and every mountain and hill must be leveled.

As in 3:5a, it may be more natural in some languages to translate this without using a passive verb. For example:

Every mountain and hill must become level/flat.

and level the mountains and hills! (NLT96)

made low: In this context the Greek verb that the BSB translates as made low refers to making something level or flat. In other contexts this word can also refer to proud people being made humble or humbling themselves. If your language has a verb that can be used in both of these contexts, you may be able to use it here. In some languages it may be possible to express this idea figuratively. For example:

Every proud hill and mountain must be flattened/humbled.

3:5c

The crooked ways shall be made straight,

This part of the verse continues to use the metaphor of preparing a road to symbolize how people repent to prepare for the Lord. Isaiah mentioned other things that must be done to the road. You should connect 3:5c and 3:5b in a way that is natural in your language.

The crooked ways shall be made straight: The Greek clause that the BSB translates as The crooked ways shall be made straight is literally “and the crooked will be into straight.” The BSB has supplied the word ways. Other words such as “paths” or “roads” would also fit here. For example:

Winding paths must be made straight

The crooked roads should become straight

Straighten the curves (NLT96)

crooked…straight: The Greek word that the BSB translates as crooked means “twisted, bent, curved.” The word that it translates as straight means “being in a direct line, not bent or curved.”

Both of these words can be used in a figurative way. The word crooked can refer to being morally bent or twisted, that is, dishonest, unrighteous, or unjust. The word straight can refer to being righteous and honest. If your language has words or idioms that could be used in either sense, you may be able to use them here.

3:5d

and the rough ways smooth.

This part of the verse continues to use the metaphor of preparing a road to symbolize how people repent to prepare for the Lord. Translate it in a way that fits this metaphor and connects in a natural way with 3:5c.

and the rough ways smooth: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as the rough ways smooth is more literally “and the rough into smooth roads.” This is an ellipsis. The full meaning is “and the rough roads should be made into smooth roads.” It indicates that the rough, uneven paths must be made flat and smooth.

Some other ways to say this are:

and rough roads should be made smooth (NCV)

and smooth out the rough roads (CEV)

remove the uneven places from the roads to make them easy to travel on

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται, καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πάσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται καί παν ὄρος καί βουνός ταπεινωθήσεται καί ἔσται τά σκολιά εἰς εὐθεῖαν καί αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδούς λείας)

This is a continuation of the figurative description of making a good road that began in the previous verse. When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they make sure that the road is level by taking material from high places and using it to fill in low places. However, this is also a description of the effects that the coming of the Lord will have on people. It is a statement similar to the one Mary makes in [1:52](../01/52.md), “He has thrown down rulers from their thrones and he has raised up the lowly.” Metaphors in Scripture can have more than one reference like this. So we recommend that you translate the words directly and not provide a plain explanation, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meanings of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πάσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται καί παν ὄρος καί βουνός ταπεινωθήσεται καί ἔσται τά σκολιά εἰς εὐθεῖαν καί αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδούς λείας)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. Since people would be doing this action in one sense of the metaphor, but God would be doing the action in another sense of the metaphor, it might be best not to be specific about who will do the action. Alternate translation: [Someone will fill in every valley]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πάσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται καί παν ὄρος καί βουνός ταπεινωθήσεται καί ἔσται τά σκολιά εἰς εὐθεῖαν καί αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδούς λείας)

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, following the same principle as for the previous phrase. Alternate translation: [and someone will make every mountain and hill low]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἔσται τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείαν, καὶ αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδοὺς λείας

will_be (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Πάσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται καί παν ὄρος καί βουνός ταπεινωθήσεται καί ἔσται τά σκολιά εἰς εὐθεῖαν καί αἱ τραχεῖαι εἰς ὁδούς λείας)

This too is both a continuation of the figurative description of making a good road and a description of the effects that the coming of the Lord will have on people. Something that is crooked becoming straight and something that is rough becoming smooth can be seen as metaphors for repentance and a change in a person’s way of life. And so we recommend once again that you translate the words directly and not provide a plain explanation in the text of your translation.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Every
    2. Every
    3. 39560
    4. S
    5. pas
    6. E-····NFS
    7. every
    8. every
    9. S
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39775
    1. valley
    2. valley
    3. 53270
    5. faragx
    6. N-····NFS
    7. valley
    8. valley
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39776
    1. will be being filled
    2. filled
    3. 41370
    5. plēroō
    6. V-IFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ filled
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ filled
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39777
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39778
    1. every
    2. every
    3. 39560
    5. pas
    6. E-····NNS
    7. every
    8. every
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39779
    1. mountain
    2. mountain hill
    3. 37350
    5. oros
    6. N-····NNS
    7. mountain
    8. mountain
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39780
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39781
    1. hill
    2. -
    3. 10150
    5. bounos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. hill
    8. hill
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39782
    1. will be being brought low
    2. -
    3. 50130
    5. tapeinoō
    6. V-IFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ brought_low
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ brought_low
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39783
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39784
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NNP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39786
    1. crooked
    2. crooked
    3. 46460
    5. skolios
    6. S-····NNP
    7. crooked
    8. crooked
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39787
    1. will be
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IFM3··S
    7. will_be
    8. will_be
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39785
    1. into
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. into
    8. into
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39788
    1. straight
    2. straight
    3. 21170
    5. euthus
    6. S-····AFS
    7. straight
    8. straight
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39789
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39791
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NFP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39792
    1. rough
    2. rough
    3. 51380
    5. traχus
    6. S-····NFP
    7. rough
    8. rough
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39794
    1. ways
    2. -
    3. 35980
    5. hodos
    6. N-····AFP
    7. ways
    8. ways
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39796
    1. into
    2. -
    3. 15190
    5. eis
    6. P-·······
    7. into
    8. into
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39795
    1. smooth
    2. smooth
    3. 30060
    5. leios
    6. A-····AFP
    7. smooth
    8. smooth
    9. -
    10. Y26; TJohn_the_Baptist_Begins_Ministry
    11. 39797

OET (OET-LV) Every valley will_be_being_filled, and every mountain and hill will_be_being_brought_low, and the crooked will_be into straight, and the rough ways into smooth,

OET (OET-RV) Every valley will be filled up,
 ⇔ and every mountain and hill will be levelled off.
 ⇔ What’s crooked will be made straight,
 ⇔ and the rough roads will be made smooth.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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