OET interlinear MAT 5:22

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

δὲ

but

Here, the word But introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse (5:21). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: [However,] or [Even more,]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι

I & /am/_saying ˱to˲_you_all that

Jesus uses the clause I say to you to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what “was said to the ancient ones” (5:21). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: [listen to this:] or [here is what you need to know:]

Note 3 topic: translate-textvariants

ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

¬which /being/_angered ˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Many ancient manuscripts read being angry with his brother. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “being angry with his brother without cause.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him & ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Jesus is using the term brother to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [with a fellow disciple … to a fellow disciple]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him & ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Although the terms his and brother are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “his or her brother or sister” to indicate this.

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει

liable will_be ˱to˲_the judgment

See how you translated this clause in 5:21. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment] or [deserves to be judged and punished]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῇ κρίσει

˱to˲_the judgment

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of judgment, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [being judged] or [human authorities who will judge him or her]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται & εἴπῃ, μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται

/may/_say ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him raca liable will_be & /may/_say foolish liable will_be

It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: [calls his brother Raka will be subject to … says that someone is a fool will be subject]

Note 9 topic: translate-transliterate

ῥακά

raca

Raka is a word borrowed from Aramaic. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: [Fool] or [Idiot]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ Συνεδρίῳ

liable will_be liable will_be ˱to˲_the Sanhedrin

Here Jesus implies that any person who calls his brother a bad name like Raka deserves to be judged and punished by the council. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment by the council] or [deserves to be judged and punished by the council]

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

(Occurrence 2) ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ

whoever and ¬wishfully /may/_say

Here Jesus implies that the person is speaking to his brother, just as with the earlier examples in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [And whoever says to his brother]

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

μωρέ

foolish

This is an insulting expression. Use an expression in your language that a person might use to insult another person. Alternate translation: [You are an idiot]

Note 13 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

liable will_be liable will_be liable will_be to ¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here Jesus implies that any person who calls a fellow disciple a fool deserves to be judged by God and punished in the Gehenna of fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment in the Gehenna of fire] or [deserves to be judged by God and punished in the Gehenna of fire]

Note 14 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here Jesus uses the name Gehenna to refer to hell. The valley named Gehenna was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [a place of fire like the valley of Gehenna] or [fiery hell, which is like Gehenna valley]

Note 15 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe Gehenna as a place that has much fire. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the fiery Gehenna] or [the fires in Gehenna]