MAT 5:22 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) But I’m telling you that anyone who gets angry at another will be liable for judgement, and anyone who calls another person a numbskull will have to face the court, and if you call them a fool, you’re liable for hellfire.

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object, magenta:vocative.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT But I say to you that everyone being angry with his brother[fn] will be subject to the judgment. And whoever says to his brother, ‘Raka!’ will be subject to the council. And whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the Gehenna of fire.

Some ancient manuscripts add the phrase without cause here.

UST Now here is what I want to tell you: people who become angry with fellow believers deserve to have a judge decide they are guilty and punish them. People who insult fellow believers deserve to have the Jewish council decide they are guilty and punish them. People who say that fellow believers are foolish deserve to have God punish them in hell.

BSB But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother [fn] will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’[fn] will be subject to the Sanhedrin.[fn] But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the fire of hell.[fn]

5:22 BYZ and TR include without cause.

5:22 Raca is an Aramaic expression of contempt.

5:22 Or the Council

5:22 Or the hell of fire; Greek the Gehenna of fire

BLB But I say to you that everyone being angry with his brother will be liable to the judgment, and whoever shall say to his brother 'Raca,' will be liable to the Sanhedrin. But whoever shall say, 'Fool!' will be liable to the Gehenna of fire.

AICNT But I say to you that everyone who is angry with their brother [[without cause]][fn] will be liable to judgment; whoever says to their brother, ‘Raca,’[fn] will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ will be liable to the hell[fn] of fire.

5:22, without cause: 𝔓64 ℵ(01) B(03) NA28 SBLGNT THGNT ‖ Some manuscripts include. D(05) W(032) BYZ TR

5:22, Raca: An Aramaic insult

5:22, hell: Greek Gehenna

OEB But I say to you that anyone who is angry at their brother or sister will be brought to trial; and whoever insults their brother or sister will be brought before the High Council, while whoever calls them a fool will be in danger of the fires of Gehenna.

WEBBE But I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause [fn] will be in danger of the judgement. Whoever says to his brother, ‘Raca!’ [fn] will be in danger of the council. Whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehenna.[fn]

5:22 NU omits “without a cause”.

5:22 “Raca” is an Aramaic insult, related to the word for “empty” and conveying the idea of empty-headedness.

5:22 or, Hell

WMBB But I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause [fn] will be in danger of the judgement. Whoever says to his brother, ‘You good-for-nothing!’ [fn] will be in danger of the council. Whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehinnom.[fn]

5:22 NU omits “without a cause”.

5:22 “You good-for-nothing” is an Aramaic insult, related to the word for “empty” and conveying the idea of empty-headedness.

5:22 or, Hell

NET But I say to you that anyone who is angry with a brother will be subjected to judgment. And whoever insults a brother will be brought before the council, and whoever says ‘Fool’ will be sent to fiery hell.

LSV but I say to you that everyone who is angry at his brother without cause will be in danger of the judgment, and whoever may say to his brother, Stupid, will be in danger of the Sanhedrin, and whoever may say, Moron, will be in danger of the Gehenna of fire.

FBV But I tell you, anyone who is angry with his brother will be condemned as guilty. Whoever calls his brother an idiot has to answer to the council,[fn] but whoever verbally abuses others is liable to the fire of judgment.[fn]

5:22 Probably the Sanhedrin council.

5:22 The word here is literally, “Gehenna,” sometimes translated “hell” or “hellfire.” Gehenna was the place outside of Jerusalem where fires were lit to dispose of rubbish by burning. However, “hell” is a concept that is derived from Nordic and Anglo-Saxon mythology and does not parallel the idea here.

TCNT But I say to you that everyone who is [fn]rashly angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Whoever says to his brother, ‘Yoʋ idiot,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. And whoever says, ‘Yoʋ fool,’ will be subject to the fires of hell.

5:22 rashly 95.4% ¦ — CT 1.9%

T4T But what I say to you is this: If you are angry with someone, God will judge you. If you say to someone, ‘You are worthless,’ the Jewish Council will judge you. If you hate someone, and say to them 'You fool!' you. yourself, will be in danger of being thrown into the fires in hell.

LEB But I say to you that everyone who is angry at his brother will be subject to judgment, and whoever says to his brother, ‘Stupid fool!’[fn] will be subject to the council, and whoever says, ‘Obstinate fool!’[fn] will be subject to fiery hell.

5:22 Greek “Raca,” a term of verbal abuse involving lack of intelligence

5:22 Perhaps with the idea of obstinate, godless foolishness; some take the word to be a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew word for “rebel” (Deut 21:18|link-href="None", 20 )

BBE But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be in danger of being judged; and he who says to his brother, Raca, will be in danger from the Sanhedrin; and whoever says, You foolish one, will be in danger of the hell of fire.

Moff No Moff MAT book available

Wymth But I say to you that every one who becomes angry with his brother shall be answerable to the magistrate; that whoever says to his brother `Raca,' shall be answerable to the Sanhedrin; and that whoever says, `You fool!' shall be liable to the Gehenna of Fire.

ASV but I say unto you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.

DRA But I say to you, that whosoever is angry with his brother, shall be in danger of the judgment. And whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council. And whosoever shall say, Thou Fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.

YLT but I — I say to you, that every one who is angry at his brother without cause, shall be in danger of the judgment, and whoever may say to his brother, Empty fellow! shall be in danger of the sanhedrim, and whoever may say, Rebel! shall be in danger of the gehenna of the fire.

Drby But I say unto you, that every one that is lightly angry with his brother shall be subject to the judgment; but whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be subject to [be called before] the sanhedrim; but whosoever shall say, Fool, shall be subject to the penalty of the hell of fire.

RV but I say unto you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.

Wbstr But I say to you, That whoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the judgment: and whoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell-fire.

KJB-1769 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.
( But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgement: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. )

KJB-1611 But I say vnto you, that whosoeuer is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the Iudgement: and whosoeuer shall say to his brother, Racha, shal be in danger of the counsell: but whosoeuer shall say, Thou foole, shalbe in danger of hell fire.
(But I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the Judgement: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Racha, shall be in danger of the counsell: but whosoever shall say, Thou foole, shall be in danger of hell fire.)

Bshps But I say vnto you, that who so euer is angry with his brother, vnaduisedly, shalbe in daunger of iudgement. And who so euer shall say vnto his brother, racha, shalbe in daunger of a councell: But, whosoeuer shall saye (thou) foole, shalbe in daunger of hell fire.
(But I say unto you, that who so ever is angry with his brother, unaduisedly, shall be in danger of judgement. And who so ever shall say unto his brother, racha, shall be in danger of a councell: But, whosoever shall say (thou) foole, shall be in danger of hell fire.)

Gnva But I say vnto you, whosoeuer is angry with his brother vnaduisedly, shalbe culpable of iudgment. And whosoeuer sayth vnto his brother, Raca, shalbe worthy to be punished by the Councill. And whosoeuer shall say, Foole, shalbe worthy to be punished with hell fire.
(But I say unto you, whosoever is angry with his brother unaduisedly, shall be culpable of judgement. And whosoever saith/says unto his brother, Raca, shall be worthy to be punished by the Councill. And whosoever shall say, Foole, shall be worthy to be punished with hell fire. )

Cvdl But I saye vnto you: whosoeuer is angrie with his brother, is in daunger of the iudgement. Whosoeuer sayeth vnto his brother: Racha, is in daunger of ye cousell. But whosoeuer sayeth: thou foole, is in daunger of hell fyre.
(But I say unto you: whosoever is angry with his brother, is in danger of the judgement. Whosoever sayeth unto his brother: Racha, is in danger of ye/you_all cousell. But whosoever sayeth: thou/you foole, is in danger of hell fyre.)

TNT But I say vnto you, whosoever is angre with hys brother, shalbe in daunger of iudgement. Whosoeuer sayeth vnto his brother Racha shalbe in dauger of a consell. But whosoeuer sayeth thou fole shalbe in dauger of hell fyre.
(But I say unto you, whosoever is angre with his brother, shall be in danger of judgement. Whosoever sayeth unto his brother Racha shall be in dauger of a consell. But whosoever sayeth thou/you fole shall be in dauger of hell fyre. )

Wycl But Y seie to you, that ech man that is wrooth to his brothir, schal be gilti to doom; and he that seith to his brother, Fy! schal be gilti to the counseil; but he that seith, Fool, schal be gilti to the fier of helle.
(But I say to you, that each man that is wrooth to his brothir, shall be gilti to doom; and he that saith/says to his brother, Fy! shall be gilti to the counseil; but he that seith, Fool, shall be gilti to the fire of helle.)

Luth Ich aber sage euch: Wer mit seinem Bruder zürnet, der ist des Gerichts schuldig; wer aber zu seinem Bruder sagt: Racha! der ist des Rats schuldig; wer aber sagt: Du Narr! der ist des höllischen Feuers schuldig.
(I but said you: Who with his brother zürnet, the/of_the is the Gerichts schuldig; who but to his brother says: Racha! the/of_the is the Rats schuldig; who but says: You Narr! the/of_the is the höllischen fires schuldig.)

ClVg Ego autem dico vobis: quia omnis qui irascitur fratri suo, reus erit judicio. Qui autem dixerit fratri suo, raca: reus erit concilio. Qui autem dixerit, fatue: reus erit gehennæ ignis.[fn]
(I however dico vobis: because everyone who irascitur fratri suo, guilty will_be yudicio. Who however dixerit fratri suo, raca: guilty will_be concilio. Who however dixerit, fatue: guilty will_be gehennæ ignis. )

5.22 Ego autem, etc. Perfectionem quam venit implere incipit explanare, et quomodo justitia eorum debeat superabundare. Omnis qui irascitur. Quia nesciebant homicidium esse nisi peremptionem: aperit omnem motum animi ad nocendum, in homicidium computari. Mandatum Christi non est contrarium legi, sed latius legem in se continens. Qui non irascitur, non occidit. Sed non econtra, licentia irascendi causa homicidii. Tolle iram, et homicidium non fit.

5.22 I however, etc. Perfectionem how he_came implere incipit explanare, and how justitia their debeat superabundare. Everyone who irascitur. Because nesciebant homicidium esse nisi peremptionem: aperit omnem motum animi to nocendum, in homicidium computari. Mandatum of_Christ not/no it_is contrarium legi, but latius legem in se continens. Who not/no irascitur, not/no occidit. But not/no econtra, licentia irascendi causa homicidii. Tolle iram, and homicidium not/no fit.

UGNT ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει; ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ Συνεδρίῳ; ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ, μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός.
(egō de legō humin, hoti pas ho orgizomenos tōi adelfōi autou, enoⱪos estai taʸ krisei; hos d’ an eipaʸ tōi adelfōi autou, ɽaka, enoⱪos estai tōi Sunedriōi; hos d’ an eipaʸ, mōre, enoⱪos estai eis taʸn Geennan tou puros.)

SBL-GNT ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ ⸀αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ· Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ· ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ· Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός.
(egō de legō humin hoti pas ho orgizomenos tōi adelfōi ⸀autou enoⱪos estai taʸ krisei; hos dʼ an eipaʸ tōi adelfōi autou; Ɽaka, enoⱪos estai tōi sunedriōi; hos dʼ an eipaʸ; Mōre, enoⱪos estai eis taʸn geennan tou puros.)

TC-GNT ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ [fn]εἰκῇ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει· ὃς δ᾽ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ· ὃς δ᾽ ἂν εἴπῃ, Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός.
(egō de legō humin hoti pas ho orgizomenos tōi adelfōi autou eikaʸ enoⱪos estai taʸ krisei; hos d an eipaʸ tōi adelfōi autou, Ɽaka, enoⱪos estai tōi sunedriōi; hos d an eipaʸ, Mōre, enoⱪos estai eis taʸn geennan tou puros. )

5:22 εικη 95.4% ¦ — CT 1.9%

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

δὲ

but

Here, the word But introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse (5:21). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: [However,] or [Even more,]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι

I & /am/_saying ˱to˲_you_all that

Jesus uses the clause I say to you to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what “was said to the ancient ones” (5:21). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: [listen to this:] or [here is what you need to know:]

Note 3 topic: translate-textvariants

ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

¬which /being/_angered ˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Many ancient manuscripts read being angry with his brother. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “being angry with his brother without cause.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him & ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Jesus is using the term brother to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [with a fellow disciple … to a fellow disciple]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ

˱by˲_the brother ˱of˲_him & ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him

Although the terms his and brother are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “his or her brother or sister” to indicate this.

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει

liable will_be ˱to˲_the judgment

See how you translated this clause in 5:21. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment] or [deserves to be judged and punished]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῇ κρίσει

˱to˲_the judgment

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of judgment, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [being judged] or [human authorities who will judge him or her]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations

εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται & εἴπῃ, μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται

/may/_say ˱to˲_the brother ˱of˲_him raca liable will_be & /may/_say foolish liable will_be

It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: [calls his brother Raka will be subject to … says that someone is a fool will be subject]

Note 9 topic: translate-transliterate

ῥακά

raca

Raka is a word borrowed from Aramaic. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: [Fool] or [Idiot]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ Συνεδρίῳ

liable will_be liable will_be ˱to˲_the Sanhedrin

Here Jesus implies that any person who calls his brother a bad name like Raka deserves to be judged and punished by the council. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment by the council] or [deserves to be judged and punished by the council]

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

(Occurrence 2) ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ

whoever and ¬wishfully /may/_say

Here Jesus implies that the person is speaking to his brother, just as with the earlier examples in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [And whoever says to his brother]

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

μωρέ

foolish

This is an insulting expression. Use an expression in your language that a person might use to insult another person. Alternate translation: [You are an idiot]

Note 13 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

liable will_be liable will_be liable will_be to ¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here Jesus implies that any person who calls a fellow disciple a fool deserves to be judged by God and punished in the Gehenna of fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [will be subject to judgment and punishment in the Gehenna of fire] or [deserves to be judged by God and punished in the Gehenna of fire]

Note 14 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here Jesus uses the name Gehenna to refer to hell. The valley named Gehenna was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [a place of fire like the valley of Gehenna] or [fiery hell, which is like Gehenna valley]

Note 15 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός

¬the Gehenna ¬the ˱of˲_fire

Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe Gehenna as a place that has much fire. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the fiery Gehenna] or [the fires in Gehenna]

Parallel MAT 5:22