ROM 1:29 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. πεπληρωμένους
2. plēroō
3. having been filled
4. filled
5. 41370
6. VPEP·AMP
7. ˓having_been˒ filled
8. ˓having_been˒ filled
9. -
10. Y60; R105418
11. 105633
1. πάσῃ
2. pas
3. with all
4. -
5. 39560
6. E····DFS
7. ˱with˲ all
8. ˱with˲ all
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105634
1. ἀδικίᾳ
2. adikia
3. unrighteousness
4. -
5. 930
6. N····DFS
7. unrighteousness
8. unrighteousness
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105635
1. πορνείᾳ
2. porneia
3. -
4. -
5. 42020
6. N····DFS
7. sexual_immorality
8. sexual_immorality
9. -
10. -
11. 105636
1. κακίᾳ
2. kakia
3. -
4. -
5. 25490
6. N····DFS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. -
11. 105637
1. πονηρίᾳ
2. ponēria
3. wickedness
4. wickedness
5. 41890
6. N····DFS
7. wickedness
8. wickedness
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105638
1. κακίᾳ
2. kakia
3. -
4. -
5. 25490
6. N····DFS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. -
11. 105639
1. πλεονεξίᾳ
2. pleonexia
3. greediness
4. greediness
5. 41240
6. N····DFS
7. greediness
8. greediness
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105640
1. κακίᾳ
2. kakia
3. malice
4. -
5. 25490
6. N····DFS
7. malice
8. malice
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105641
1. μεστούς
2. mestos
3. full
4. -
5. 33240
6. S····AMP
7. full
8. full
9. -
10. Y60
11. 105642
1. φθόνου
2. fthonos
3. of envy
4. -
5. 53550
6. N····GMS
7. ˱of˲ envy
8. ˱of˲ envy
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105643
1. φόνου
2. fonos
3. murder
4. murder
5. 54080
6. N····GMS
7. murder
8. murder
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105644
1. ἔριδος
2. eris
3. strife
4. strife
5. 20540
6. N····GFS
7. strife
8. strife
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105645
1. φόνου
2. fonos
3. -
4. -
5. 54080
6. N····GMS
7. murder
8. murder
9. -
10. -
11. 105646
1. δόλου
2. dolos
3. deceit
4. deceit
5. 13880
6. N····GMS
7. deceit
8. deceit
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105647
1. κακοηθείας
2. kakoētheia
3. maliciousness
4. -
5. 25500
6. N····GFS
7. maliciousness
8. maliciousness
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105648
1. ψιθυριστάς
2. psithuristēs
3. gossips
4. gossips
5. 55880
6. N····AMP
7. gossips
8. gossips
9. -
10. Y60; F105674; F105729; F105740; F105744
11. 105649

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 1:18–32: God is angry with people because they sin

In this section, Paul said that it is clear that God is angry about the bad things that people do. God has shown all people who he is, but they have rejected him. So they became fools and worshiped things instead of God. And so God put them under the control of sinful desires even more.

Here are other possible headings for this section:

The reason why God is angry with people

God’s Wrath on Unrighteousness (ESV)

People do what is not right in God’s sight and so God is angry

1:29a–31

In this list of evil deeds, the Greek does not have a connecting word between each item. The BSB copies what the Greek does here. In some languages it is more natural to have an “and” between each item. Use the most natural way of connecting items in a list in your translation.

1:29a–b

every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity: There is a textual issue regarding the Greek word that the BSB translates as evil in 1:29b: (1) Some Greek manuscripts have the word evil (BSB, RSV, NIV, GNT, NJB, NASB, CEV, NET, NABRE, REB, ESV, NCV). (2) Some Greek manuscripts have the words immorality, evil (KJV only). It is recommended that you follow option (1). The phrase every kind of applies to all four words: wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. Make that clear in your language. For example:

all manner of these things: unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, and malice

all kinds of unrighteousness and all kinds of evil and all kinds of covetousness and all kinds of malice

wickedness: This word refers to deeds that are not right to do. Here are other ways to translate this word:

deeds that are not upright/straight

1:29a

They have become filled with every kind of wickedness,

They are full of all kinds of deeds that are not upright,
At every opportunity they do what is not right,

They have become filled with: The Greek tense indicates that earlier these people became full of the bad deeds listed below and at that time were still full of them. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

They are full of

Their lives became full of (NLT)

In some languages using a past tense indicates that it is no longer true in the present. Translate in a way that indicates that they were still doing these things at that time.

have become filled with: This is a figurative way of saying that a person thinks of something often or all the time. Some languages cannot use have become filled when referring to sins. Here are other ways to translate this meaning:

They continually are thinking of

All of…arose in their insidesYongkom Back Translation by this author, unpublished manuscript.

These kinds of bad thoughts are very much among them all the time:

1:29b

evil, greed, and depravity.

as well as full of wicked deeds, greed, and hate.
and do very bad things to other people, and are always wanting more and more, and hurt other people.

evil: The Greek word refers to a person having no moral values. Anything is okay to think or do if he wants to. Satan is called “the evil one” (Matthew 5:37, John 17:15, Ephesians 6:16, and other verses). He is the best example of this way of thinking. Here are other ways to translate this word:

wickedness (NASB)

sinfulness

greed: This word refers to always wanting to have more. It often implies more than that person needs or more than other people. Here are other ways to translate this word:

covetousness (ESV)

grab-after what is not theirsKankanaey Back Translation on TW.

They want to increasingly multiply what they ownOtomi Back Translation on TW.

depravity: This word refers to wanting to do things that hurt other people or hurting them on purpose when doing bad things to them. Here are other ways to translate this word:

hate (NLT)

the desire to hurt others

They are mean (GW)

1:29c

They are full of envy, murder,

They are full of resentment, murder/killing,
And they are also always jealous of other people and kill people.

They are full of envy: The BSB adds the words They are. In Greek the list just continues but repeats the idea of full of. For example:

full of envy (NJB)

In some languages it is more natural to add “also” when repeating the idea full of here. For example:

They are also full of envy

and also full of envy

envy: This word refers to being upset with someone because that person is in a better situation than him in some way. Here are other ways to translate this word:

jealous of their companionsYakan Back Translation on TW.

resentment

They want what others have (CEV)

The word here does not refer to sexual jealousy (for example, a husband upset with his wife because she talked to another man and he is worried about her liking the other man more than him).

murder: This word refers to killing another person. It usually implies killing someone on purpose and against the law.

1:29d

strife, deceit, and malice.

quarreling/arguing, cheating people out of their things, and have a lifestyle/attitude of hate.
And they fight, and trick people out of their things, and are always trying to hurt other people.

strife: This word refers to conflict of any kind: arguments, fighting over a difference of opinion, or rivalry over a job or position. Here are other ways to translate this word:

fighting (GNT)

arguing

rivalry (REB)

deceit: The Greek word here refers to misleading people in order to gain some benefit or advantage.BDAG (page 256). Here are other ways to translate this word:

cheat (CEV)

defraud people of their things

trickstersKankanaey Back Translation on TW.

malice: This word refers to an attitude of wanting to hurt other people. It is similar to the Greek word that the BSB translates as “depravity” in 1:29b, but the word here refers to an ongoing attitude. Here are other ways to translate this word:

always hateful

the attitude of hurting others

being habitually mean

In some languages one word or phrase covers both “depravity” and malice. If that is true in your language, use only that one word or phrase in this verse.

1:29e

They are gossips,

They whisper about others,
And they say/report bad things about others

They are gossips: The BSB adds the words They are here. The Greek changes casefrom genitive, to connect to “full,” to accusative. to indicate that the next twelve items are not grouped with “full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice,” but in a separate group. Paul was still describing these people. For example:

deceit, malignity, they are gossips, (RSV)

They gossip (GNT)

and they also gossip

gossips: The Greek word here is literally “whisperers.” It refers to a person who, quietly, in the ear of someone else, says bad things about others and passes on information or rumors about them that are hurtful. Here are other ways to translate this Greek word:

whisperers-behind-doors (JBP)

talk-behind-the-backUma Back Translation on TW.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ

˓having_been˒_filled ˱with˲_all unrighteousness wickedness greediness malice

Paul uses filled with to refer to these ungodly people as if they were a container filled with the sins that Paul lists in this clause. Like a container that has been filled with something, the people are completely controlled by these sins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [fully controlled by unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, and malice]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

πεπληρωμένους

˓having_been˒_filled

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [they filled themselves]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ;

˓having_been˒_filled ˱with˲_all unrighteousness wickedness greediness malice

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, and malice, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [filled with all unrighteous, wicked, covetous, and malicious thoughts]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ μεστούς φθόνου φόνου ἔριδος δόλου κακοηθείας ψιθυριστάς)

Paul uses full of to refer to these ungodly people as if they were a container full of the sins that Paul lists in this clause. Like a container that is full of something, the people are completely controlled by these sins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [fully controlled by envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intent]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and evil intent, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: [they are full of envious, murderous, contentious, and deceitful thoughts, and they intend to do evil things]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 1:29

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)