OET interlinear 1SA 19:5

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וַ⁠יָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨⁠וֹ בְ⁠כַפּ֜⁠וֹ

and=he/it_assigned DOM life_of,his in/on/at/with,hand_of,his

Jonathan is using a common expression of his culture to mean that someone put himself in danger for the sake of others. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: [And he took his life into his own hands] or [And he put himself in danger of being killed]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ⁠יַּ֣ךְ

and,attacked

See how you translated the term struck in [4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: [and killed]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

אֶת־הַ⁠פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י

DOM DOM the,Philistine

See how you translated this expression in [17:8](../17/08.md). Alternate translation: [Goliath, the Philistine champion]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְ⁠כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

and=he/it_made YHWH victory great to/from=all/each/any/every Yisrael

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of salvation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [and Yahweh saved all of Israel in a great way]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

וְ⁠לָ֤⁠מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּ⁠דָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְ⁠הָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם

and=for=what? sin in/on/at/with,blood innocent by,killing DOM Dāvid without_cause

Jonathan is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: [So you should certainly not sin against innocent blood by killing David without cause!]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

בְּ⁠דָ֣ם נָקִ֔י

in/on/at/with,blood innocent

Jonathan is using one part of David, his blood, to mean David as an entire person. He is using that part of David to represent him because Saul would shed his blood if he killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [against an innocent person]