YHN 20:19 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. οὔσης
2. eimi
3. being
4. -
5. 15100
6. VPPA·GFS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80602
1. Οὖν
2. oun
3. Therefore
4. -
5. 37670
6. C·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. PS
10. Y33
11. 80603
1. ὀψίας
2. opsios
3. evening
4. evening
5. 37980
6. S····GFS
7. evening
8. evening
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80604
1. τῇ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80605
1. ἡμέρᾳ
2. hēmera
3. on day
4. -
5. 22500
6. N····DFS
7. ˱on˲ day
8. ˱on˲ day
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80606
1. ἐκείνῃ
2. ekeinos
3. that
4. -
5. 15650
6. E····DFS
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80607
1. τῇ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····DFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80608
1. μιᾷ
2. heis
3. first
4. -
5. 15200
6. S····DFS
7. first
8. first
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80609
1. μιᾶς
2. heis
3. -
4. -
5. 15200
6. S····GFS
7. ˱of˲ first
8. ˱of˲ first
9. -
10. -
11. 80610
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. -
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GNP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. -
11. 80611
1. σαββάτων
2. sabbaton
3. of +the week
4. -
5. 45210
6. N····GNP
7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ week
8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ week
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80612
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. but
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80613
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80614
1. θυρῶν
2. thura
3. doors
4. doors
5. 23740
6. N····GFP
7. doors
8. doors
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80615
1. κεκλεισμένων
2. kleiō
3. having been shut
4. -
5. 28080
6. VPEP·GFP
7. ˓having_been˒ shut
8. ˓having_been˒ shut
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80616
1. ὅπου
2. hopou
3. where
4. -
5. 36990
6. C·······
7. where
8. where
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80617
1. ἦσαν
2. eimi
3. were
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIIA3··P
7. were
8. were
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80618
1. οἱ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80619
1. μαθηταί
2. mathētēs
3. apprentices/followers
4. apprentices
5. 31010
6. N····NMP
7. apprentices/followers
8. disciples
9. -
10. Y33; F80637; F80639
11. 80620
1. συνηγμένοι
2. sunagō
3. -
4. -
5. 48630
6. VPEP·NMP
7. ˓having_been˒ gathered_together
8. ˓having_been˒ gathered_together
9. -
10. -
11. 80621
1. διά
2. dia
3. because of
4. because
5. 12230
6. P·······
7. because_of
8. because_of
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80622
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80623
1. φόβον
2. fobos
3. fear
4. -
5. 54010
6. N····AMS
7. fear
8. fear
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80624
1. τῶν
2. ho
3. of the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····GMP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80625
1. Ἰουδαίων
2. ioudaios
3. Youdaiōns
4. -
5. 24530
6. S····GMP
7. Youdaiōns
8. Jews
9. U
10. Y33
11. 80626
1. ἦλθεν
2. erχomai
3. came
4. -
5. 20640
6. VIAA3··S
7. came
8. came
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80627
1. ὁ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80628
1. Ἰησοῦς
2. iēsous
3. Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
4. -
5. 24240
6. N····NMS
7. Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
8. Jesus
9. UN
10. Person=Jesus; Y33; F80631; F80636; F80644
11. 80629
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80630
1. ἔστη
2. histēmi
3. stood
4. stood
5. 24760
6. VIAA3··S
7. stood
8. stood
9. -
10. Y33; R80629; Person=Jesus
11. 80631
1. εἰς
2. eis
3. in
4. -
5. 15190
6. P·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80632
1. τό
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80633
1. μέσον
2. mesos
3. midst
4. -
5. 33190
6. S····ANS
7. midst
8. midst
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80634
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80635
1. λέγει
2. legō
3. is saying
4. said
5. 30040
6. VIPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ saying
8. ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y33; R80629; Person=Jesus
11. 80636
1. αὐτοῖς
2. autos
3. to them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3DMP
7. ˱to˲ them
8. ˱to˲ them
9. -
10. Y33; R80620
11. 80637
1. Εἰρήνη
2. eirēnē
3. Peace
4. Peace
5. 15150
6. N····NFS
7. peace
8. peace
9. D
10. Y33; F80641
11. 80638
1. ὑμῖν
2. su
3. to you all
4. you
5. 47710
6. R···2D·P
7. ˱to˲ you_all
8. ˱to˲ you_all
9. -
10. Y33; R80620
11. 80639

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 20:19–23: Jesus appeared to the disciples

This section tells how Jesus showed himself to ten of the disciples that evening. The disciples were in a locked room when Jesus came to them. They were very happy to see him. He told them that he sent them as the Father sent him. Then he breathed on them and invited them to receive the Holy Spirit. He also told them that if they forgave anyone’s sins, they would be forgiven.

Here are other possible section headings:

Jesus showed himself to the disciples

Jesus’ appearance to the disciples

Jesus invited the disciples to receive the Holy Spirit

20:19a–c

It was the first day of the week, and that very evening, while the disciples were together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews: These clauses are background information, the setting for the next event. The event itself does not start until 20:19d. The Greek text indicates that this is background information by using participles. Some translations put this information in dependent clauses. Other translations use independent clauses here, but begin the event in 20:19d with a word like “Then” or “Suddenly.” Indicate that this information is background in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

On the evening of that day, the first day of the week, the disciples had gathered together and locked the doors of the place because they were afraid of the Jewish leaders. (NET)

On the evening of that day, the first day of the week, the doors being locked where the disciples were for fear of the Jews, Jesus came (ESV)

On the evening of that first day of the week, when the disciples were together, with the doors locked for fear of the Jewish leaders, Jesus came (NIV)

The disciples were afraid of the Jewish leaders, and on the evening of that same Sunday they locked themselves in a room. Suddenly, Jesus appeared (CEV)

20:19a

It was the first day of the week, and that very evening,

¶ In the evening of that same day, the first day of the week,
¶ Late in the day, that same Sunday,

It was the first day of the week, and that very evening: This time expression tells the time setting for the next event in the story. Here are other ways to translate this time expression:

On the evening of that first day of the week (NIV)

In the evening of that first day of the week (JBP)

Late that same day, the first day of the week

on the evening of that same Sunday (CEV)

the first day of the week: This phrase refers to Sunday. See the notes on 20:1a and how you translated this phrase there. For example:

that same Sunday (CEV)

That Sunday evening (GW)

that very evening: The Greek expression that the BSB translates as that very evening is more literally “late on that day.” It indicates that this next event took place the same day as the previous event. It was still the day that Jesus rose from the dead and appeared to Mary. Now it was the evening of that same day. This should be clear in your translation. For example:

that same day, the first day of the week (REB)

evening: This word refers to early evening soon after dark.

20:19b

while the disciples were together with the doors locked

Jesus’ disciples were in a house together. They had locked the doors
Jesus’ disciples met together, locking the doors
Jesus’ followers had come together. They locked the doors with a bar

The Greek begins this clause with a conjunction that is usually translated “and.” It introduces another part of the background information, including the place setting. In some languages it may be natural to translate this conjunction. For example:

and the doors of the house where the disciples had met were locked (NRSV)

while the disciples were together with the doors locked: The disciples were meeting in a house and had locked the doors. No one could enter the house unless the disciples let them in. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

the doors being locked where the disciples were (ESV)

when the disciples were together behind locked doors (REB)

In some languages it may be natural to translate this as one clause. For example:

the disciples were together behind locked doors (GW)

the disciples were together: The Greek clause that the BSB translates as the disciples were together is more literally “where the disciples were.” The disciples were together in a certain room or house. For example:

where the disciples were (ESV)

when the disciples were together (NIV)

the disciples had gathered together and locked the doors of the place (NET)

the disciples: This phrase probably refers to Jesus’ closest disciples, the 12 except Judas Iscariot and Thomas. However, other disciples could have also been there, so do not include a number in your translation. See how you translated the word disciples in 18:1.

the doors: The BSB translates the Greek text literally as the doors. It does not mention a house or room. The doors could have included those of the gate, house, and room. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

the doors of the place (NET)

the doors of the house (NRSV)

behind locked doors (GNT)

locked: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as locked indicates that the disciples shut and locked the doors. The disciples probably pushed a bar of wood or iron against the door. Then others could not enter unless the disciples first lifted or removed the bar. Translate this verb in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

firmly shut

locked with a bar

barred

This verb is passive. The disciples locked the doors, but the text emphasizes the condition of the doors and not the disciples’ action. There are at least two ways to translate this clause:

Use a passive verb. For example:
with the doors locked (NIV)
the house was locked from the inside
Use an active verb. For example:
the disciples had gathered together and locked the doors of the place (NET)
they locked themselves in a room (CEV)

Use the form that is most natural in your language in this context.

General Comment on 20:19b

In some languages it may be natural to rearrange the information in this clause. Instead of “doors” being the subject, you may want to make “disciples” the subject. For example:

the disciples were together behind locked doors (GW)

the disciples had met together with the doors locked (JBP)

20:19c

for fear of the Jews,

because they were afraid of the Jewish authorities.
because they feared the Jewish leaders.
because they were afraid that the Jewish authorities would come and arrest them.

for fear of the Jews: This phrase gives the reason why the disciples had locked the doors. (The word for here means “because.”) It indicates that they were afraid of the Jewish authorities. These Jewish authorities had just handed Jesus over to the Romans so that they would crucify him. The doors were locked so that anyone who came to secretly watch the disciples or arrest them could not enter. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

because they were afraid of the Jewish leaders (NET)

because they were afraid that the Jewish authorities would arrest them

the Jews: The phrase the Jews here refers to the leaders of the Jews. For example:

the Jewish authorities (GNT)

the Jewish leaders (NIV)

the Jewish elders

General Comment on 20:19b–c

In some languages it may be natural to say first that the disciples were afraid and then tell the result. For example:

^19cThe disciples were afraid of the Jewish leaders, ^19band…they locked themselves in a room. (CEV)

^19cThe disciples, being afraid of the Jewish authorities, ^19blocked the doors.

^19cBecause of their fear of the Jewish authorities, ^19bthe disciples locked the doors of the house where they had gathered.

20:19d

Jesus came and stood among them. “Peace be with you!” He said to them.

Jesus came and stood in the middle of the group. He said, “May you^(plur) have/enjoy peace.”
Then Jesus came and was standing there with them. He said to them, “I want peace to be yours!^(plur)”

Jesus came and stood among them: Although the doors were locked, Jesus entered the room. The text does not say how he did this, but the locked doors imply that Jesus entered in a miraculous way. Here are other ways to translate this expression:

Then Jesus came and stood right in the middle of them (NCV)

Suddenly, Jesus was standing there among them! (NLT)

Jesus stood among them (GW)

among them: Jesus came and stood right with the disciples, in their presence, close to them. Indicate this in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

in the middle of the group (CEV)

Peace be with you!: This clause was the common greeting of a Jew to other Jews. However, here it is Jesus, the source and prince of peace, who says it to his disciples, who were afraid. So he surely meant this expression to be more than a greeting. You should include the idea of peace in your translation. For example:

Peace to you!

May you live in peace.

May you have/know peace from God.

Peace: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Peace has a broad meaning that includes more than just the absence of fighting. It also involves positive mental and emotional welfare, and good relationships with God and others. See the notes and how you translated this word in 14:27a and 16:33a.

you: This pronoun is plural and refers to all the disciples who were there with Jesus.

He said to them: This phrase is short for “and said to the disciples.”

General Comment on 20:19a–d

In the Greek, 20:19a–d forms one long sentence. In some languages it may be natural to translate it as two or more shorter sentences, as the BSB does. Here are some other ways to break up this long sentence:

When it was evening on the first day of the week, the followers were together. The doors were locked, because they were afraid of the Jews. Then Jesus came and stood right in the middle of them and said, “Peace be with you.” (NCV)

That Sunday evening the disciples were meeting behind locked doors because they were afraid of the Jewish leaders. Suddenly, Jesus was standing there among them! “Peace be with you,” he said. (NLT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων

¬the ¬the first ˱of˲_˓the˒_week

See how you translated the first of the week in [20:1](../20/01.md).

Note 2 topic: translate-ordinal

τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων

¬the ¬the first ˱of˲_˓the˒_week

John is actually using a cardinal number, “one,” to mean first. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can also use a cardinal number here in your translation. Alternate translation: [on day one of the week]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ

the doors ˓having_been˒_shut where were the ˱of˲_the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὔσης Οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων καί τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταί διά τόν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καί ἔστη εἰς τό μέσον καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν)

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [the disciples having closed the doors of where they were]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὔσης Οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων καί τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταί διά τόν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καί ἔστη εἰς τό μέσον καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν)

See how you translated this phrase in [19:38](../19/38.md).

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

τῶν Ἰουδαίων

the ˱of˲_the Jews

Here, the Jews refers to the Jewish leaders. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md).

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

εἰρήνη ὑμῖν

This is an idiomatic expression, based on the Hebrew word and concept of “shalom.” It was both a greeting and a blessing. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [I greet all of you and I wish for God to bless you]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Therefore
2. -
3. 37670
4. PS
5. oun
6. C-·······
7. therefore
8. therefore
9. PS
10. Y33
11. 80603
1. being
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-PPA·GFS
7. being
8. being
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80602
1. evening
2. evening
3. 37980
5. opsios
6. S-····GFS
7. evening
8. evening
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80604
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80605
1. on
2. -
3. 22500
5. hēmera
6. N-····DFS
7. ˱on˲ day
8. ˱on˲ day
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80606
1. that
2. -
3. 15650
5. ekeinos
6. E-····DFS
7. that
8. that
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80607
1. day
2. -
3. 22500
5. hēmera
6. N-····DFS
7. ˱on˲ day
8. ˱on˲ day
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80606
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····DFS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80608
1. first
2. -
3. 15200
5. heis
6. S-····DFS
7. first
8. first
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80609
1. of +the week
2. -
3. 45210
5. sabbaton
6. N-····GNP
7. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ week
8. ˱of˲ ˓the˒ week
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80612
1. and
2. but
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80613
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GFP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80614
1. doors
2. doors
3. 23740
5. thura
6. N-····GFP
7. doors
8. doors
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80615
1. having been shut
2. -
3. 28080
5. kleiō
6. V-PEP·GFP
7. ˓having_been˒ shut
8. ˓having_been˒ shut
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80616
1. where
2. -
3. 36990
5. hopou
6. C-·······
7. where
8. where
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80617
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80619
1. apprentices/followers
2. apprentices
3. 31010
5. mathētēs
6. N-····NMP
7. apprentices/followers
8. disciples
9. -
10. Y33; F80637; F80639
11. 80620
1. were
2. -
3. 15100
5. eimi
6. V-IIA3··P
7. were
8. were
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80618
1. because of
2. because
3. 12230
5. dia
6. P-·······
7. because_of
8. because_of
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80622
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80623
1. fear
2. -
3. 54010
5. fobos
6. N-····AMS
7. fear
8. fear
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80624
1. of the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····GMP
7. ˱of˲ the
8. ˱of˲ the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80625
1. Youdaiōns
2. -
3. 24530
4. U
5. ioudaios
6. S-····GMP
7. Youdaiōns
8. Jews
9. U
10. Y33
11. 80626
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMS
7. ¬the
8. ¬the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80628
1. Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
2. -
3. 24240
4. UN
5. iēsous
6. N-····NMS
7. Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa)
8. Jesus
9. UN
10. Person=Jesus; Y33; F80631; F80636; F80644
11. 80629
1. came
2. -
3. 20640
5. erχomai
6. V-IAA3··S
7. came
8. came
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80627
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80630
1. stood
2. stood
3. 24760
5. histēmi
6. V-IAA3··S
7. stood
8. stood
9. -
10. Y33; R80629; Person=Jesus
11. 80631
1. in
2. -
3. 15190
5. eis
6. P-·······
7. in
8. in
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80632
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····ANS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80633
1. midst
2. -
3. 33190
5. mesos
6. S-····ANS
7. midst
8. midst
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80634
1. and
2. -
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 80635
1. is saying
2. said
3. 30040
5. legō
6. V-IPA3··S
7. ˓is˒ saying
8. ˓is˒ saying
9. -
10. Y33; R80629; Person=Jesus
11. 80636
1. to them
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3DMP
7. ˱to˲ them
8. ˱to˲ them
9. -
10. Y33; R80620
11. 80637
1. Peace
2. Peace
3. 15150
4. D
5. eirēnē
6. N-····NFS
7. peace
8. peace
9. D
10. Y33; F80641
11. 80638
1. to you all
2. you
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2D·P
7. ˱to˲ you_all
8. ˱to˲ you_all
9. -
10. Y33; R80620
11. 80639

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 20:19

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)