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InterlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1 SAM 2 SAM PSA AMOS HOS 1 KI 2 KI 1 CHR 2 CHR PROV ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA (JNA) NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL LAO GES LES ESG DNG 2 PS TOB JDT WIS SIR BAR LJE PAZ SUS BEL MAN 1 MAC 2 MAC 3 MAC 4 MAC YHN (JHN) MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC (JAM) GAL 1 TH 2 TH 1 COR 2 COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1 TIM TIT 1 PET 2 PET 2 TIM HEB YUD (JUD) 1 YHN (1 JHN) 2 YHN (2 JHN) 3 YHN (3 JHN) REV
Luke C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24
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OET (OET-LV) And he will_be_going_ahead before him in the_spirit and power with_Aʸlias/(ʼĒliyyāh), to_turn_back the_hearts of_the_fathers to the_children, and the_unpersuadable in the_understanding of_the_righteous, to_prepare for_the_master a_people having_been_prepared.
OET (OET-RV) And he will go on ahead of God with the spirit and the power of Eliyah, to turn fathers back to loving their children and to turn career criminals towards the wisdom of godly people, to get the people ready for Yahweh.”
An angel of the Lord appeared to Zechariah while he was working in the temple as a priest. The angel told him that his wife Elizabeth would become pregnant and have a baby, and that he must name him John. Zechariah and Elizabeth were old, and Elizabeth was not able to have children. So Zechariah did not believe the angel. Because he did not believe that what the angel said would happen, the angel made him unable to speak. But later, Elizabeth became pregnant.
It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it. Some other possible headings for this section are:
The Birth of John the Baptist is Announced (GNT)
The angel Gabriel predicts the birth of John the Baptizer
The angel Gabriel announces/prophesies to Zechariah that his wife will have a son
In this paragraph, Luke began to tell the main events of this section after he gave the background information in 1:5–10. Introduce this paragraph in a natural way in your language.
Scholars have different opinions about the way the parts of this verse relate to each other. Here is one of the main views about how the parts of 1:17 function:
17a–bJohn will go on before the Lord…(main clause)
17c in order to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, (purpose)
17d and in order to turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous. (another purpose)
17e He will do all this in order to make ready a people prepared for the Lord. (main purpose of all of John’s work)
And he will go on before the Lord
John will come as a forerunner for the Lord
John will go/come ahead of the Lord as his herald.
And he will go on before the Lord: In the clause he will go on before the Lord, the pronoun he refers to John. The Lord here refers to “the Lord their God” (1:16), who would come in the person of the Messiah, Jesus. This clause implies that:
John will appear in public before the Lord Jesus appears.
John will announce that the Lord is coming and prepare his way.
Some ways to translate this are:
He will go before him as forerunner… (REB)
He will precede the coming of the Lord… (NLT96)
He will prepare the people for the coming of the Lord. (NLT)
The phrase “before the Lord” was also used in 1:15a, but with a different meaning.
in the spirit and power of Elijah,
with the same power and spirit that Elijah had. (CEV)
He will have the same kind of character and power that Elijah the prophet had,
in the spirit and power of Elijah: The Greek expression that the BSB translates as in the spirit and power of Elijah means that John would have the same kind of character and power that Elijah the prophet had. It does not indicate that Elijah’s personal spirit had returned in John.
Some other ways to say this are:
in spirit and power like Elijah (NCV)
with the same kind of character and power that Elijah had
spirit: The word spirit here refers to Elijah’s character. John would be like Elijah in the way he thought and acted. He would be courageous and devoted to God, as Elijah was.
power: The word power refers to the powerful way Elijah acted. This power refers mainly to spiritual ability, effectiveness, and influence. It does not refer only to physical strength, and it does not imply a harsh way of acting. John preached with ability and authority from God. He was effective in helping the people to repent.
Elijah: Elijah was a prophet in the Old Testament. The Jews expected Elijah to return before the Messiah came (Malachi 4:5).
to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children
He will reconcile fathers to their children
and he will convince/cause fathers to be caring/devoted to their children again.
to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children: The clause to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children is an idiom. It means “to cause fathers to be reconciled to their children.” This was one of the purposes of John’s work.
This part of the verse quotes part of Malachi 4:6.
fathers: The Greek word that the BSB translates as fathers is the plural form of “father,” which refers specifically to a person’s male parent.Some English versions translate “fathers” as “parents.” This is not recommended. Another way to translate this is:
to reconcile fathers to their children (NJB)
and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—
and turn/lead disobedient people to follow the wise ways of righteous people.
He will also convince/cause those who do not obey God to repent and become wise like people who do what God says is right.
and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous: This part of the verse tells a second purpose of John’s work. The verb “to turn” in 1:17c is the implied verb for this part of the verse also. However, you may need to translate the verb in a different way here. It indicates that John would cause those who disobey God to turn/change and become wise, as righteous people are. Some other ways to say this are:
and he will cause those who are rebellious to accept the wisdom of the godly (NLT)
He will change disobedient people so that they will accept the wisdom of those who have God’s approval. (GW)
the disobedient: The phrase the disobedient refers to people who disobey God. It does not refer specifically to children who disobey their parents.
the wisdom of the righteous: The Greek word that the BSB translates as wisdom can be used in two different ways:
It can refer to a way of thinking in general.
It can refer more specifically to a wise or prudent way of thinking.
In this context it refers to “the way of the thinking of the righteous,” which is a right or wise way of thinking. It is the way of thinking that is in agreement with God and his Word. Some other ways to translate the wisdom of the righteous are:
the way of thinking of the righteous (GNT)
the right/wise attitude of righteous people
In some languages it may be natural to translate this idea as a verbal expression. For example:
cause/help the disobedient to turn/change and begin to think like the righteous
the righteous: The Greek word that the BSB translates as righteous refers to people who live according to God’s standards. They consistently do what is right. Some other ways to say this are:
those who obey God’s law
those who do what is right
In some languages, people use an idiom to express this meaning. For example:
those who follow a straight path
upright people
to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”
He will do all this in order to prepare a nation/community so that they will be ready for the Lord to come.”
He will prepare a people so that they will be fit/acceptable to the Lord when he comes.”
to make ready a people prepared for the Lord: The clause to make ready a people prepared for the Lord is the final purpose for the preceding parts of 1:17. It expresses the overall purpose of John’s work. John would work in the ways mentioned in 1:17c–d in order to make a people ready for the Lord. These people were not ready for the Lord before, but through John’s preaching they would become ready.
Some ways to show that 1:17e is the overall purpose of John’s work are:
Make it explicit that this clause is the purpose for all the other actions in the verse. For example:
He will do all this in order to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.
Reorder this verse to put 1:17e before the other work that John would do (1:17c–d). For example:
17aHe will…precede the coming of the Lord, 17epreparing the people for his arrival. 17cHe will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, 17dand he will change disobedient minds to accept godly wisdom. (NLT96)
to make ready a people prepared: The Greek words that the BSB translates as to make ready and prepared have similar meanings. In some languages, it may be more natural to use only one term to express this meaning. For example:
to prepare a people for the Lord
he will make a people fully ready for their Lord (JBP)
a people: The Greek word that the BSB translates as a people here refers to a large group or community of people such as a nation or ethnic group. John’s message was to people who would be part of a community of people who were faithful to God. Translate this in a way that can refer to a large group of people that is loyal to a leader (such as a king, chief, or religious leader). For example:
a people/nation
a community
subjects/citizens
prepared for the Lord: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as prepared for the Lord here refers to being ready for the Lord to come. They are ready because they choose to do the things that please God. The word prepared does not refer here to being alert. John prepared the people for the Lord by telling them to stop sinning and obey God. He told them to be reconciled to their families and to live wisely and righteously. In some languages it may be more natural to use an adjective in place of the passive verb prepared. Some other ways to translate this are:
fit for the Lord (REB)
ready for the coming of the Lord (NCV)
prepared to receive/welcome the Lord
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
αὐτὸς προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
To go before is an idiom that indicates that before the Lord comes, John will announce to the people that the Lord is going to come to them. Alternate translation: [John will announce that the Lord is coming]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet
ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλεία
in ˓the˒_spirit in (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
In this context, the words spirit and power mean similar things. The angel may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: [with the same great power that Elijah had]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys
ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλεία
in ˓the˒_spirit in (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
Alternatively, the angel may be expressing a single idea by using two words connected with and. The term power may tell what kind of spirit Elijah had. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning with a single phrase. Alternate translation: [in the powerful spirit of Elijah]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / personification
ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα
˓to˒_turn_back ˓the˒_hearts ˱of˲_˓the˒_fathers (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
The angel speaks of hearts as if they were living things that could be turned to go in a different direction. This expression means to change someone’s attitude toward something. Alternate translation: [to make fathers care about their children once again]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα
˓to˒_turn_back ˓the˒_hearts ˱of˲_˓the˒_fathers (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
The angel uses the relationship between fathers and children to represent all relationships. Luke relates in [3:10–14](../03/10.md) how John encouraged reconciliation in a variety of different relationships. Alternate translation: [to restore broken relationships]
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα
˓to˒_turn_back ˓the˒_hearts ˱of˲_˓the˒_fathers (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
It is assumed that readers will know that this is what the prophet Malachi had said Elijah would do before the Lord came. The implication in context is that John will fulfill this prophecy by using the same empowerment that Elijah had. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: [to restore broken relationships, just as the prophet Malachi said Elijah would do before the Lord came]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων
˓the˒_unpersuadable in ˓the˒_understanding (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
Gabriel is using the term wisdom in the Old Testament sense as a moral term that refers to choosing the way in life that God has shown to be best. The people who make this choice are righteous, meaning that God considers them to be living in the right way. Alternate translation: [to lead people who are disobeying God to choose his ways and become people who live right]
Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
ἀπειθεῖς & δικαίων
˓the˒_unpersuadable & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
Gabriel is using the adjectives disobedient and righteous as nouns in order to indicate groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: [people who are disobeying God … people who live right]
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
λαὸν κατεσκευασμένον
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί αὐτός προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει Ἠλίᾳ ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπί τέκνα καί ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαιῶν ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαόν κατεσκευασμένον)
You could state explicitly in your translation what the people will be prepared to do. Alternate translation: [a people who will be prepared to believe his message]
1:17 He will be a man with the spirit and power of Elijah: The prophet Malachi predicted that God would send Elijah before the time of God’s salvation (see Mal 3:1; 4:5-6). John fulfilled this role by preparing the way for the Lord’s coming.
OET (OET-LV) And he will_be_going_ahead before him in the_spirit and power with_Aʸlias/(ʼĒliyyāh), to_turn_back the_hearts of_the_fathers to the_children, and the_unpersuadable in the_understanding of_the_righteous, to_prepare for_the_master a_people having_been_prepared.
OET (OET-RV) And he will go on ahead of God with the spirit and the power of Eliyah, to turn fathers back to loving their children and to turn career criminals towards the wisdom of godly people, to get the people ready for Yahweh.”
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.