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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) So that’s why the Jews who live in the rural villages observe this holiday on the 14th rather than the 15th. They celebrate with feasting and by giving gifts to each other.
OET-LV On/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so the_Yəhūdī the[fn] the_live in/on/at/with_towns the_rural [are]_observing DOM day four- teen of_month Adar joy and_feasting and_day good and_send of_portions each to_another_him.
9:19 Variant note: ה/פרוזים: (x-qere) ’הַ/פְּרָזִ֗ים’: lemma_d/6521 n_1.2.1 morph_HTd/Ncmpa id_173Nb הַ/פְּרָזִ֗ים
UHB עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים[fn] הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃פ ‡
(ˊal-kēn hayyəhūdim haprāzim hayyoshⱱīm bəˊārēy hapərāzōt ˊosim ʼēt yōm ʼarbāˊāh ˊāsār ləḩodesh ʼₐdār simḩāh ūmishteh vəyōm ţōⱱ ūmishlōaḩ mānōt ʼiysh lərēˊēhū.◊)
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
K הפרוזים
BrLXX No BrLXX EST book available
BrTr No BrTr EST book available
ULT Therefore, the Jews, the ones of the open country, the ones who dwell in the cities of the open areas, make day 14 of the month of Adar for rejoicing and for feasting and a good day and for the sending of gifts, a man to his friend.
UST That is why the Jews who live in rural villages observe this holiday on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar rather than on the fifteenth day. They do this by celebrating joyfully and by giving gifts to one another.
BSB This is why the rural Jews, who live in the villages, observe the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a day of joy and feasting. It is a holiday for sending gifts to one another.
OEB This is why the Jews who live in the country villages keep the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a day of rejoicing and feasting and a holiday, and a day in which they send gifts of food to each other.
WEBBE Therefore the Jews of the villages, who live in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, a holiday, and a day of sending presents of food to one another.
WMBB Therefore the Judeans of the villages, who live in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, a holiday, and a day of sending presents of food to one another.
NET This is why the Jews who are in the rural country – those who live in rural cities – set aside the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a holiday for happiness, banqueting, holiday, and sending gifts to one another.
LSV Therefore the Jews of the open places, who are dwelling in cities of the open places, are making the fourteenth day of the month of Adar—joy and banquet, and a good day, and of sending portions to one another.
FBV To this day rural Jews, living in the villages, observe the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a day of celebration and feasting, a holiday when they send gifts to one another.
T4T That is why every year, on March 8th, the Jews who live in villages now celebrate defeating their enemies. They have feasts and give gifts of food to each other.
LEB Therefore the Jews in the rural areas, living in the rural towns, made the fourteenth month of Adar a day of joy and feasting, a festive day of giving gifts to each other.
¶
BBE So the Jews of the country places living in unwalled towns make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of feasting and joy and a good day, a day for sending offerings one to another.
Moff No Moff EST book available
JPS Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
ASV Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
DRA But those Jews that dwelt in towns not walled and in villages, appointed the fourteenth day of the month Adar for banquets and gladness, so as to rejoice on that day, and send one another portions of their banquets and meats.
YLT Therefore the Jews of the villages, who are dwelling in cities of the villages, are making the fourteenth day of the month of Adar — joy and banquet, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
Drby Therefore the Jews of the villages that dwell in the country towns make the fourteenth of the month Adar a day of joy and feasting, and a good day, and on which they send portions one to another.
RV Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
Wbstr Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
KJB-1769 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
KJB-1611 Therefore the Iewes of the villages, that dwelt in the vnwalled townes, made the foureteenth day of the moneth Adar, a day of gladnesse and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
(Therefore the Yews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar, a day of gladnesse and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.)
Bshps And therefore the Iewes that dwelt in the villages and vnwalled townes, held the fourteenth day of the moneth Adar with gladnesse and feasting, and kept holy day, and euery one sent preasentes vnto his neighbour.
(And therefore the Yews that dwelt in the villages and unwalled towns, held the fourteenth day of the month Adar with gladnesse and feasting, and kept holy day, and every one sent preasentes unto his neighbour.)
Gnva Therefore the Iewes of the villages that dwelt in the vnwalled townes, kept the foureteenth day of the moneth Adar with ioy and feasting, euen a ioyfull day, and euery one sent presents vnto his neighbour.
(Therefore the Yews of the villages that dwelt in the unwalled towns, kept the fourteenth day of the month Adar with joy and feasting, even a joyful day, and every one sent presents unto his neighbour. )
Cvdl Therfore the Iewes that dwelt in the vyllages and vnwalled townes, ordeyned ye fourtenth daye of the moneth Adar, to be a daye of feastinge and gladnes, and one sent giftes vnto another.
(Therefore the Yews that dwelt in the vyllages and unwalled towns, ordained ye/you_all fourtenth day of the month Adar, to be a day of feastinge and gladnes, and one sent giftes unto another.)
Wycl Forsothe these Jewis, that dwelliden in borow townes not wallid and vilagis, demeden the fourtenthe dai of the monethe Adar of feestis, and of ioie, so that thei be ioiful therynne, and sende ech to other partis of feestis and of metis.
(Forsothe these Yewis, that dwelled/dwelt in borow towns not walled and vilagis, demeden the fourtenthe day of the month Adar of feestis, and of ioie, so that they be ioiful therynne, and send each to other parts of feestis and of metis.)
Luth Darum machten die Juden, die auf den Dörfern und Flecken wohneten, den vierzehnten Tag des Monden Adar zum Tage des Wohllebens und Freuden, und sandte einer dem andern Geschenke.
(Therefore make the Yuden, the on the Dörfern and Flecken livedn, the vierzehnten Tag the moons Adar for_the days the Wohllebens and Freuden, and sent einer to_him change Geschenke.)
ClVg Hi vero Judæi, qui in oppidis non muratis ac villis morabantur, quartumdecimum diem mensis Adar conviviorum et gaudii decreverunt, ita ut exultent in eo, et mittant sibi mutuo partes epularum et ciborum.
(They vero Yudæi, who in oppidis not/no muratis ac villis morabantur, quartumdecimum diem mensis Adar conviviorum and gaudii decreverunt, ita as exultent in eo, and mittant sibi mutuo partes epularum and ciborum. )
9:19 The annual festival and holiday of Purim celebrates God’s blessing of peace from their enemies (see Deut 25:19; Josh 21:44; 1 Sam 7:11-14). The narrator reports that the festival was celebrated to this day. Now, more than 2,400 years later, it is still celebrated annually by Jewish people.
• The exchange of gifts of food demonstrated the unity of the people and their care for one another and helped them to spread an atmosphere of joy for everyone celebrating the festival.
Purim
The Festival of Purim is the only Old Testament festival not established during the time of Moses. Its name is derived from a word that means lots or dice (Hebrew purim, derived from Akkadian puru). It was a common practice in the ancient world to cast purim to determine whether God favored a particular course of action: A good number would indicate God’s approval, a bad number his disapproval. Near the king’s throne room at Susa in Persia, archaeologists found a small four-sided object with a number engraved on each side. A similar die inscribed with the word pur dates to the 800s BC. In the book of Esther, the Persian astrologers used purim to establish the best time to slaughter the Jews (Esth 3:7).
On the fateful day—March 7, 473 BC—God miraculously rescued his people from certain death, just as he had rescued the nation from Egypt at the Passover. Mordecai and Esther therefore formalized an annual celebration of God’s rescue so that all future generations would remember what God had accomplished (9:28). The festival was widely celebrated thereafter among Jews (see 2 Maccabees 15:36; Josephus, Antiquities 11.6.13; perhaps John 5:1).
When God rescued his chosen people, the day for Jewish execution turned into a day of holy vengeance and was followed by a day of celebration. Today, Jewish people fast and pray to commemorate Esther’s fasting. This fast is then followed by Purim, which is celebrated on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar (occurring in February or March). On this joyous holiday Jews read Esther (with loud boos for Haman and hoorays for Mordecai) and have a time of feasting and rejoicing, with gifts for friends and for the poor. It is a celebration of how God providentially worked to care for his people so that they were not exterminated (9:1-17) and of how God continues to care for, provide for, and save his people (see also Gen 45:5; Ps 91; Prov 16:9, 33; Dan 2:21; Acts 1:6-7; 2:22-23; 4:28-30; 17:24-27; Rom 8:28; 1 Pet 3:12).
Passages for Further Study
Esth 9:1-32; Pss 37:23; 91:1-16; Prov 16:9, 33; Rom 8:28; 1 Pet 3:12
Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result
עַל־כֵּ֞ן
on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so
This term introduces the result of the events that were described in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for that reason” or “that is why”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism
הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒
the,Jews (Some words not found in UHB: on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so the,Jews the, the,live in/on/at/with,towns the,rural observe DOM day four ten of,month Adar joy and,feasting and,day good and,send portions (a)_man to,another,him )
These two phrases mean similar things. They are used together to make the identification of this group clear. The first phrase means that they lived in rural areas. The second phrase means they lived in settlements that did not have walls around them, that is, in villages. You can combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the Jews who live in villages in the countryside”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ & וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב
observe DOM day four ten & and,day good
The implication is that this explanation is being offered for the benefit of city-dwelling Jews who might wonder why rural Jews celebrate this holiday on a different day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “rather than on the fifteenth day.”
עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ & וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב
observe DOM day four ten & and,day good
Alternate translation: “observe this holiday on the fourteenth day”
Note 4 topic: translate-ordinal
י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙
day four ten
Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day”
Note 5 topic: translate-hebrewmonths
לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר
of,month Adar
Adar is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in 3:7, 3:13, 8:12, 9:1, 9:15 and 9:17.
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys
שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה
joy and,feasting
As in verses 17 and 18, this means “by celebrating joyfully”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב
and,day good
This expression generally means a day of happiness or celebration.
Note 8 topic: translate-symaction
וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ
and,send portions (a)_man to,another,him
Giving gifts, in this culture as in many cultures, was a way of acknowledging a special occasion. Alternate translation: “and by giving gifts to one another”
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ
(a)_man to,another,him
Here, a man means “a person.” The term friend would include family members and neighbors as well as social friends. Alternate translation: “to one another”