LUKE 6:44 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, red:negative.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT For each tree is known by its own fruit. For they do not gather figs from a thornbush, nor do they gather grapes from a briar bush.

UST You can tell what a person is like inside by the things that they do. Then you know what to expect from them. You would not look for kindness or good advice from someone who does bad things. That would be like looking for figs on a thornbush or looking for grapes on a bramble vine.

BSB For each tree is known by its own fruit. Indeed, figs are not gathered from thornbushes, nor grapes from brambles.

MSB For each tree is known by its own fruit. Indeed, figs are not gathered from thornbushes, nor grapes from brambles.

BLB For each tree is known by its own fruit. For they do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush.

AICNT “[For][fn] Each tree is known by its [own][fn] fruit; for they do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they pick grapes from a bramble bush.

6:44, For: Absent from some manuscripts. D(05) Latin(a b e ff² it) Syriac(sy^s)

6:44, own: Absent from D(05).

OEB For every tree is known by its own fruit. People do not gather figs off thorn bushes, nor pick a bunch of grapes off a bramble.

WEBBE For each tree is known by its own fruit. For people don’t gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET for each tree is known by its own fruit. For figs are not gathered from thorns, nor are grapes picked from brambles.

LSV for each tree is known from its own fruit, for they do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they crop a grape from a bramble.

FBV You recognize a tree by the fruit it produces. You don't pick figs from thorn bushes, or harvest grapes from brambles.

TCNT Each tree is known by its own fruit. People do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they pick grapes from a bramble bush.

T4T Just like you can tell if a tree is good or bad by looking at its fruit, you can tell which people are good and which are bad by looking at the way they conduct their lives. For example, because thornbushes cannot produce figs, no one can pick figs from thornbushes. And since bramble bushes cannot produce grapes, no one can pick grapes from bramble bushes.

LEB for each tree is known by its own fruit. For figs are not gathered from thorn plants, nor are grapes harvested from thorn bushes.

BBE For every tree is judged by its fruit. Men do not get figs from thorns, or grapes from blackberry plants.

Moff each tree is known by its fruit.
⇔ Figs are not gathered from thorns,
⇔ and grapes are not plucked from a bramble-bush.

Wymth Every tree is known by its own fruit. It is not from thorns that men gather figs, nor from the bramble that they can get a bunch of grapes.

ASV For each tree is known by its own fruit. For of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes.

DRA For every tree is known by its fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns; nor from a bramble bush do they gather the grape.

YLT for each tree from its own fruit is known, for not from thorns do they gather figs, nor from a bramble do they crop a grape.

Drby for every tree is known by its own fruit, for figs are not gathered from thorns, nor grapes vintaged from a bramble.

RV For each tree is known by its own fruit. For of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes.

SLT For each tree is known by its own fruit. For of thorns they gather not figs, nor of the bramble do they harvest the grape.

Wbstr For every tree is known by its own fruit: for from thorns men do not gather figs, nor from a bramble bush do they gather grapes.

KJB-1769 For every tree is known by his own fruit. For of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes.

KJB-1611 For euery tree is knowen by his owne fruit: for of thornes men doe not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation)

Bshps For euery tree is knowen by his fruite: for of thornes do not me gather fygges, nor of busshes, gather they grapes.
(For every tree is known by his fruit: for of thorns do not me gather figs, nor of busshes, gather they grapes.)

Gnva For euery tree is knowen by his owne fruite: for neither of thornes gather men figges, nor of bushes gather they grapes.
(For every tree is known by his own fruit: for neither of thorns gather men figs, nor of bushes gather they grapes. )

Cvdl Euery tre is knowne by his frute. For me gather not fygges of thornes, ner grapes of busshes.
(Every tree is known by his fruit. For me gather not figs of thorns, nor grapes of busshes.)

TNT For every tree is knowen by his frute. Nether of thornes gader men fygges nor of busshes gader they grapes.
(For every tree is known by his fruit. Neither of thorns gader men figs nor of busshes gader they grapes. )

Wycl for euery tre is knowun of his fruyt. And men gaderen not figus of thornes, nethir men gaderen a grape of a buysche of breris.
(for every tree is known of his fruit. And men gaderen not figus of thorns, neither men gaderen a grape of a buysche of breris.)

Luth Ein jeglicher Baum wird an seiner eigenen Frucht erkannt. Denn man lieset nicht Feigen von den Dornen auch so lieset man nicht Trauben von den Hecken.
(A any/each tree becomes at/to his own fruit recognised. Because man lieset not figs from the thorns also so lieset man not grapes from the hedges(n).)

ClVg Unaquæque enim arbor de fructu suo cognoscitur. Neque enim de spinis colligunt ficus: neque de rubo vindemiant uvam.[fn]
(Unaeach because arbor from/about fruit his_own is_known. Neither because from/about spinis neckgunt fig_tree: nor from/about rubo let_them_harvest grape. )

6.44 Unaquæque enim arbor. Mali suo fructu noscuntur, dum bonos opprimunt, et Deum si non verbis, blasphemant factis: et maxime per impatientiam dignoscuntur in tempore adversitatis. Jejunia enim et oratio, et hujusmodi sunt simulatis ut et bonis: sed non debent oves pelles suas deponere, etiam si aliquando lupi eis se contegant. Cognoscitur. Non a veste, sed ab operibus quæ fiunt ab eis, cognoscuntur. Quia ut spina non facit uvam, sic bona arbor bonum, mala malum, et non e converso. Neque enim de spinis. Non de spinis, id est sollicitudinibus mundi, ficus, id est dulcedo resurrectionis, neque de rubo, id est punctione vitiorum, uva, id est fructus animæ. Quæ sicut uva proxima terrenis, corrumpitur, in superioribus maturatur. Vel de carne quæ generat spinas et tribulos, non vindemiamus Christum, qui sicut uva pependit in ligno. Spina et rubus, hæreticis, a quibus nullus sapientium sanctitatem vel virtutem poterit invenire, sed conscindunt et cruentant approximantes. Vel spinæ et rubi, curæ sæculi et punctiones vitiorum. Uva et ficus, dulcedo novæ conversationis quam Christus in nobis esurit, et fervor dilectionis qui lætificat cor hominis. Non de spinis et rubis uva vel ficus, quia mens adhuc hominis veteris pressa consuetudine, potest quidem simulare, sed non ferre fructum novi hominis. Quod si quando facta vel dicta malorum prosunt bonis, non hoc faciunt mali, sed fit de illis consilio Dei.

6.44 Unaeach because arbor. Mali his_own fruit noscuntur, while goods opprimunt, and God when/but_if not/no with_words, blasphemant deeds/activities: and especially/most through impatience worthycuntur in/into/on at_the_time adversitatis. Yeyunia because and speech, and of_this_kind are at_the_same_timeatis as and good: but not/no they_should sheep skins their_own deponere, also when/but_if sometimes wolves to_them himself contegant. Cognoscitur. Not/No from dress, but away works which are_made away to_them, are_known. Because as spina not/no he_does grape, so good(s) arbor good, evil evil, and not/no e converso. Neither because from/about spinis. Not/No from/about spinis, that it_is sollicitudinibus world, fig_tree, that it_is sweet/pleasantlydo resurrection, nor from/about rubo, that it_is punctione of_vices, grape, that it_is fruit soul. Which like grape next earthly, corrumpitur, in/into/on to_the_above maturatur. Or from/about flesh/meat which generat thorns/spines and tribulos, not/no grape-gatheringmus Christ/Messiah, who/which like grape pependit in/into/on wood. Spina and rubus, heretics, from to_whom none wise sanctitatem or virtue will_be_able to_find, but conscindunt and cruentant approximantes. Or thorns/spines and rubi, curæ of_the_world/of_the_ages and punctiones of_vices. Uva and fig_tree, sweet/pleasantlydo novæ conversation how Christ/Messiah in/into/on us esurit, and fervor of_love who/which makes_happy heart of_man. Not/No from/about spinis and rubis grape or fig_tree, because mind still of_man olds pressa consuetudine, can indeed at_the_same_timeare, but not/no to_carry fruit new of_man. That when/but_if when facts or said/dictated of_evil prosunt good, not/no this they_do evil, but fit from/about to_them by_design/by_the_advice of_God.

UGNT ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται. οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου σταφυλὴν τρυγῶσιν.
(hekaston gar dendron ek tou idiou karpou ginōsketai. ou gar ex akanthōn sullegousin suka, oude ek batou stafulaʸn trugōsin.)

SBL-GNT ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου ⸂σταφυλὴν τρυγῶσιν⸃.
(hekaston gar dendron ek tou idiou karpou ginōsketai; ou gar ex akanthōn sullegousin suka, oude ek batou ⸂stafulaʸn trugōsin⸃.)

RP-GNT Ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται. Οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου τρυγῶσιν σταφυλήν.
(Hekaston gar dendron ek tou idiou karpou ginōsketai. Ou gar ex akanthōn sullegousin suka, oude ek batou trugōsin stafulaʸn.)

TC-GNT Ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ [fn]γινώσκεται. Οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσι σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου [fn]τρυγῶσι σταφυλήν.
(Hekaston gar dendron ek tou idiou karpou ginōsketai. Ou gar ex akanthōn sullegousi suka, oude ek batou trugōsi stafulaʸn. )

6:44 γινωσκεται ¦ γεινωσκεται TH

6:44 τρυγωσι σταφυλην ¦ σταφυλην τρυγωσιν CT

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translation Notes:

Section 6:17–49: Jesus taught people how to be his disciples

In this section, Jesus spoke about how his true disciples should think and act. He spoke about this immediately after he had chosen twelve of his disciples to be his apostles. Jesus said many things about this topic in his speech, so that people have often called this particular speech of Jesus a “sermon.”

In this sermon, Jesus asked those who heard him to be different from other people in the world and to think differently. He encouraged his disciples to obey his authority and live as people of God. They should be generous and merciful even to their enemies, as God is generous to everyone. Jesus assured his disciples that they would be blessed and rewarded for their obedience and for suffering for him. He concluded his speech by telling parables to motivate his disciples to obey his teaching.

Another possible heading for this section is:

The Sermon on the Plain (NET)

Some English versions divide 6:17–49 into several sections. Here is one way that might be done:

6:17–26 Blessings and woes

6:27–36 Love your enemies

6:37–42 Do not judge

6:43–45 A tree and its fruit

6:46–49 Two foundations

The sermon in 6:17–49 is similar to the sermon commonly referred to as “The Sermon on the Mount” in Matthew chapters 5–7.

Paragraph 6:43–45

In this paragraph, Jesus used another illustration or extended metaphor. He compared different kinds of people to different kinds of trees. He said that the way a person acts shows the kind of person he is.

The BSB does not translate the Greek conjunction that introduces this illustration, but many English versions translate it as “for.” This conjunction indicates that this illustration reinforces what Jesus had just said. Connect this illustration to what Jesus had just said in a way that is natural in your language. Some ways to connect this illustration are:

Think about this:

You know

6:44a

For each tree is known by its own fruit.

For each tree is known/identified by the fruit it bears/produces.
Thus/In that way, you^(plur) /people recognize a tree by its fruit.
The fruit of a tree shows/indicates what kind of tree it is.

For: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as For marks this proverb as an explanation of what Jesus has just said. Some versions, such as the NIV, CEV, and NLT, do not translate this conjunction. Think about how you would introduce this saying in your language. For example:

Thus

In that way

Use a natural way to connect 6:44a to 6:43.

each tree is known by its own fruit: This is a passive clause. It means that when people see the fruit that a tree produces, they know what that tree is like. This includes knowing both the kind of tree (fig trees produce figs) and the quality of the tree (good or bad). Some ways to translate this are:

As a passive clause. For example:
Each tree is known by its own fruit… (NCV)
As an active clause. For example:
People know what a tree is like by its fruit.
You can tell what a tree is like by the fruit it produces. (CEV)

This saying is like a proverb. It means that the way a person acts shows what he is really like inside. It may be helpful to put this information in a footnote.

6:44b–c

Indeed: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as Indeed connects 6:44b–c to 6:44a. It marks 6:44b–c as a further explanation of 6:44a. Versions such as the ESV, NET, and RSV translate it as “For.” Versions such as the NIV, CEV, and NLT do not translate the conjunction. Some other ways to connect 6:44b are:

For example

That is

Use a natural way to connect 6:44b–c to 6:44a in your language.

figs are not gathered from thornbushes, nor grapes from brambles: Jesus further explained the image of the fruit tree. The type of tree you grow determines the type of fruit you will get. Similarly, the type of person you are determines the way you will speak and act.

6:44b

Indeed, figs are not gathered from thornbushes,

Figs are not picked/gathered from thorny plants,
For example, people do/cannot pick figs/fruit from thornbushes.

figs are not gathered from thornbushes: The Greek clause that the BSB translates as figs are not gathered from thornbushes is literally “from thorn plants they do not pick figs.” Some other ways to translate this are:

You don’t pick figs from thorny plants (GW)

Figs are never gathered from thornbushes (NLT)

The reason why people do not gather fruit from thornbushes is that it is impossible. Thornbushes do not grow fruit. So in some languages, it may be more natural to say “cannot pick.” For example:

You cannot pick figs…from thornbushes. (CEV)

gathered: The verb that the BSB translates as gathered is a general word for the action of picking or plucking anything. People pick fruit such as figs with the intention of eating what was picked. Another way to translate this is:

gathered (NLT)

figs: The word figs are small, tasty fruits that grow on trees. Figs were very common in Israel.

If speakers of your language are not familiar with figs, some other ways to translate this word are:

Use a more general term. For example:
fruit
Use a specific type of fruit from your area. For example:
guavas
mangoes

thornbushes: The Greek word that the BSB translates as thornbushes refers to a plant that has thorns. It is a weed that grows in areas that people do not cultivate. If possible, you should translate this word by a general word that refers to these types of plants. For example:

thorny plants (GW)

If you do not have a general word, you may translate this word by a specific type of thorny weed that grows in your area.

6:44c

nor grapes from brambles.

nor are grapes harvested from thornbushes.
And people do not harvest a fruit called grapes from thorny vines.

nor grapes from brambles: The Greek clause that the BSB translates as nor grapes from brambles is literally “nor do they pick a cluster of grapes from a bramble bush.” The BSB does not translate the Greek verb in this clause. Another way to translate this is:

nor do they pick grapes from a briar bush (NASB)

Some other ways to translate this are:

and they don’t get grapes from bushes (NCV)

and grapes are not picked from bramble bushes (NLT)

The Greek text uses a verb in 6:44b that specifically describes the action of harvesting fruit and a different verb in 6:44c that describes removing grapes from vines. Another way to translate this is:

figs are not gathered from thornbushes, nor are grapes picked from a bramble bush (ESV)

If you have two different verbs that can describe gathering and picking fruit, you could use them here. If you do not have two words, you could use the same verb in both clauses, or you could leave out one verb, as the BSB has done.

grapes: The word that the BSB translates as grapes refers to small fruit that grow in bunches or clusters. Grapes are very tasty. In some languages, there may not be a word for grapes. If this is true in your language, here are some other options to consider:

Borrow the word for “grape” from another language. For example:
a fruit called grapes (Notice that grapes are different from and much smaller than grapefruit.)
Use a general term that would fit in this context. For example:
small fruits
Use a specific word for another type of small fruit that grows in your area.

brambles: The Greek word that the BSB translates as brambles has almost the same meaning as “thornbushes” in 6:44b. Both words refer to thorny plants that do not produce fruit that people can eat. Scholars do not know the exact plants that Jesus was talking about.

If your language does not distinguish between different types of thorny plants, here are other ways to translate this:

Choose a second plant that is bothersome to farmers or useless in providing food.
Combine the two types of thorny plants into one. For example:
You cannot pick figs or grapes from thornbushes. (CEV)

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἕκαστον & δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται

each & tree by its own fruit ˓is_being˒_known

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who does the action. Alternate translation: [people recognize a tree by the fruit that it bears]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἕκαστον & δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται

each & tree by its own fruit ˓is_being˒_known

This phrase is a metaphor. Alternate translation: [each person’s words and actions reveal his or her character]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου σταφυλὴν τρυγῶσιν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἕκαστον Γάρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται οὒ Γάρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα οὐδέ ἐκ βάτου σταφυλήν τρυγῶσιν)

These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition for emphasis and to capture the interest of his listeners. You do not need to put both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, you could combine them into a single general expression. Alternate translation: [people do not collect the kind of fruit that grows on a tree or a vine from a small, thorny bush]

Note 4 topic: translate-unknown

ἀκανθῶν

thorns

The word thornbush refers to a kind of plant that has sharp protective spines on its stem. If your readers would not know what a thornbush is, in your translation you could use the name of another plant that does not produce edible fruit.

Note 5 topic: translate-unknown

βάτου

˓a˒_thorn_bush