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Luke C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24

Luke 23 V1 V3 V5 V7 V9 V11 V13 V15 V17 V19 V21 V23 V25 V27 V29 V31 V33 V35 V37 V39 V41 V43 V45 V47 V49 V51 V53 V55

OET interlinear LUKE 23:2

◄ ← LUKE 23:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἤρξαντο
    2. arχō
    3. they began
    4. they
    5. 7570
    6. VIAM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ began
    8. ˱they˲ began
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60099
    1. Δέ
    2. de
    3. And
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 60100
    1. κατηγορεῖν
    2. katēgoreō
    3. to be accusing
    4. accusations
    5. 27230
    6. VNPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ accusing
    8. ˓to_be˒ accusing
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60101
    1. αὐτοῦ
    2. autos
    3. against him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3GMS
    7. ˱against˲ him
    8. ˱against˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60102
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 60103
    1. λέγοντες
    2. legō
    3. saying
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VPPA·NMP
    7. saying
    8. saying
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60104
    1. τοῦτον
    2. houtos
    3. this man
    4. man
    5. 37780
    6. R····AMS
    7. this ‹man›
    8. this ‹man›
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60105
    1. Εὕρομεν
    2. euriskō
    3. We found
    4. found
    5. 21470
    6. VIAA1··P
    7. ˱we˲ found
    8. ˱we˲ found
    9. D
    10. Y33
    11. 60106
    1. εὗρον
    2. euriskō
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 21470
    6. VIAA3··P
    7. ˱they˲ found
    8. ˱they˲ found
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 60107
    1. διαστρέφοντα
    2. diastrefō
    3. perverting
    4. perverting
    5. 12940
    6. VPPA·AMS
    7. perverting
    8. perverting
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60108
    1. τό
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····ANS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60109
    1. ἔθνος
    2. ethnos
    3. nation
    4. nation
    5. 14840
    6. N····ANS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33; F60118
    11. 60110
    1. ἡμῶν
    2. egō
    3. of us
    4. our
    5. 14730
    6. R···1G·P
    7. ˱of˲ us
    8. ˱of˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60111
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60112
    1. κωλύοντα
    2. kōluō
    3. forbidding
    4. -
    5. 29670
    6. VPPA·AMS
    7. forbidding
    8. forbidding
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60113
    1. Καίσαρι
    2. kaisar
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25410
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ Kaisar
    8. ˱to˲ Caesar
    9. U
    10. -
    11. 60114
    1. φόρους
    2. foros
    3. taxes
    4. taxes
    5. 54110
    6. N····AMP
    7. taxes
    8. taxes
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60115
    1. φόρον
    2. foros
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 54110
    6. N····AMS
    7. tax
    8. tax
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 60116
    1. Καίσαρι
    2. kaisar
    3. to Kaisar
    4. Caesar
    5. 25410
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ Kaisar
    8. ˱to˲ Caesar
    9. U
    10. Y33
    11. 60117
    1. διδόναι
    2. didōmi
    3. to be giving
    4. -
    5. 13250
    6. VNPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ giving
    8. ˓to_be˒ giving
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60110
    11. 60118
    1. Καίσαρι
    2. kaisar
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25410
    6. N····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ Kaisar
    8. ˱to˲ Caesar
    9. U
    10. -
    11. 60119
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60120
    1. λέγοντα
    2. legō
    3. saying
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VPPA·AMS
    7. saying
    8. saying
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60121
    1. δέ
    2. de
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 60122
    1. ἑαυτόν
    2. heautou
    3. himself
    4. himself
    5. 14380
    6. R···3AMS
    7. himself
    8. himself
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60123
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. himself
    8. himself
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 60124
    1. Χριστόν
    2. χristos
    3. +the chosen one messiah
    4. messiah
    5. 55470
    6. N····AMS
    7. ˓the˒ chosen_one/messiah
    8. ˓the˒ Messiah
    9. WN
    10. Y33; Person=Jesus
    11. 60125
    1. βασιλέα
    2. basileus
    3. +a king
    4. king
    5. 9350
    6. N····AMS
    7. ˓a˒ king
    8. ˓a˒ king
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60126
    1. εἶναι
    2. eimi
    3. to be
    4. -
    5. 15100
    6. VNPA····
    7. to_be
    8. to_be
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60127

OET (OET-LV) And they_began to_be_accusing against_him saying:
We_found this man perverting the nation of_us, and forbidding to_be_giving taxes to_Kaisar, and saying himself the_chosen_one/messiah, a_king to_be.

OET (OET-RV) where they started to bring their accusations, “We found this man perverting our nation and telling the people not to pay taxes to Caesar. He calls himself the messiah and claims to be a king.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 22:66–23:25: Leaders put Jesus on trial and condemned him to die

Luke indicates that Jesus had several trials. These trials can also be considered to be several parts of the same trial. Luke recorded the details of four of these trials. The chart here lists them according to who was leading at each trial:

22:66–71

the Jewish council

23:1–5

Pilate

23:6–12

Herod

23:13–25

Pilate again

In all of Jesus’ trials, there was no one who could prove that Jesus had broken any law of God or man. However, even though he had not done anything wrong, the Roman governor Pilate sentenced him to die on a cross.

The Notes suggest a section heading for each of the trials in the chart. However, you may decide to have one heading for Section Group 22:66–23:25 like the one suggested in the Section Group box above. Another example of a heading for this section group is:

The leaders tried and condemned Jesus

23:2a

And they began to accuse Him, saying,

And: This verse begins with a common Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as And. It introduces what the council members did when they reached the place where Pilate was. In some languages it may be necessary to indicate that they arrived there. For example:

When they arrived at Pilate’s court

There

they began to accuse Him: The clause they began to accuse Him indicates that the council members started to accuse Jesus of doing wrong. They brought formal charges against him. They told Pilate some untrue things about Jesus because they wanted Pilate to condemn him and execute him. Some other ways to translate the clause are:

they started to tell Pilate their accusations against Jesus

they accused Jesus

In some languages there are special ways to introduce formal charges against someone. For example:

They filed-charges-against-himKankanaey back translation on TW.

They opened the case against him (REB)

Translate this clause in a natural way in your language. If you have a special way to refer to bringing legal charges against someone, you may be able to use it here.

saying: The verb saying introduces the specific things that the council members said to accuse Jesus. These were formal accusations that they told Governor Pilate. Introduce this accusations in a natural way in your language Some other ways to introduce them in English are:

They said to Governor Pilate

They declared

The three statements in 23:2b–d are connected with the common Greek conjunction that is often translated as “and.” They can be translated as three separate accusations or as three accusations separated by commas (as in the BSB).Some commentators consider the statements in 23:2c and 23:2d to be specific examples of how Jesus was misleading the people (23:2b), but many commentators consider the statements in 23:2b–d to be three separate charges.

23:2b

“We found this man subverting our nation,

In this part of the verse the Jewish leaders made their first formal charge against Jesus. They were speaking respectfully to an important government leader. In some languages there may be a special way to address Pilate respectfully or to introduce their speech. For example:

We greet you, Governor Pilate.

Begin the speech in a respectful way in your language.

We found this man subverting our nation: Here the Jewish leaders told Pilate that they had discovered Jesus subverting their people. The word subverting implies that Jesus was influencing the people to oppose the Roman government. This was a serious charge against Jesus, but it was not true.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

We found this man inciting our people to revolt (NJB)

We have investigated this person, and we know that he’s causing trouble in our townWestern Bukidnon Manobo back translation on TW.

We caught this person in the act of persuading our countrymen the Jews to riot/revolt.Kankanaey back translation on TW.

We heard/discovered this man telling our people to be rebelliousThe phrase “We found” probably implies that the leaders heard Jesus say the rebellious things, but it may also imply that they investigated by asking other people. Plummer (p. 520) says, “Whether heuramen [‘we found’] refers to ‘catching in the act’ or to ‘discovering by investigation’ is not certain.” In the Gospel of Luke there are many examples of the Jewish leaders listening to Jesus and asking him questions.

Translate the leaders’ false accusation in a way that is natural in your language.

We: The pronoun We refers here to the Jewish council members. It does not include Pilate or anyone else who was present.

found: In this context the verb found means “have discovered.” It probably implies that the leaders heard and saw what Jesus did. It may also imply that they investigated by asking other people.

this man: The Greek word that the BSB translates as this man means “this one.” It was a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus, and it is emphasized in the sentence.For more information, see Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, p. 37. Another way to translate this disrespect in English is:

this fellow

Use a natural way in your language to express the disrespect.

subverting: The Greek word that the BSB translates as subverting means “misleading, perverting.”See diastrephō, senses 2 and 3, BDAG, p. 237. It implies that Jesus was telling the Jewish people to oppose the Roman government. That was not true. If your language has an idiom that expresses the meaning of subverting, you may be able to use it here. Here is another way to translate this:

stirs up trouble (GW)

our nation: The council members used the phrase our nation to refer to the Jewish people. They were Jews, but Pilate was not a Jew. Use an appropriate form to translate the phrase in your language. For example:

our(excl) people

23:2c

forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar,

forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar: Here the council members lied to Pilate. They said that Jesus told people that they should not pay taxes to Caesar. This statement was false, as 20:25 shows.

Some other ways to translate this false statement are:

He has been saying that we(excl) should not pay taxes to Caesar

telling them not to pay taxes to the Emperor (GNT)

he stops/hinders people from paying taxes to Caesar

Caesar: Caesar was the title given to all the Roman emperors. For more information, see the note at 20:22.

23:2d

and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”

proclaiming Himself to be Christ: The Greek word that the BSB translates as proclaiming is more literally “saying.” The Jewish leaders were telling Pilate what Jesus said about himself. They told Pilate that Jesus called himself Christ. The Jewish leaders did not believe that Jesus was the Christ. In some languages it may be helpful to make this clear by saying:

he falsely says that he is Christ

Christ, a King: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as Christ, a King is literally “Christ king.” The Jewish leaders added the word King to explain or emphasize the meaning of the title Christ to Pilate. They may have thought that because Pilate was not Jewish, he might not know the meaning that Jewish people gave to the word Christ.

In some languages it is necessary to make the connection between Christ and King more explicit. For example:

Christ, meaning “king”

Since the Jews referred to a specifically Jewish king, you may need to indicate that here. It also provides the implied connection with Pilate’s question in 23:3a, “Are you the king of the Jews?” For example:

Messiah, our king (CEV)

Christ: The Jews used the title Christ to refer to the person whom God had appointed and promised to send as king and savior. The title Christ is the Greek translation of the Hebrew word “Messiah,” and the two words have the same meaning.

Some ways to translate Christ in this context are:

The title Christ also occurred in 20:41. Most of the information in the note at 20:41b is repeated here. For more information, see Christ, in the Glossary.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ

˓to_be˒_accusing ˱against˲_him

The chief priests and scribes accused Jesus of doing wrong things because they wanted Pilate to kill Jesus. But they were accusing him falsely, because Jesus had never done what they accused him of doing. For example, in [20:25](../20/25.md), Jesus had specifically said that the Jews could pay taxes to the Roman government. To make sure that your readers are not confused, you could state explicitly that these accusations were false. Alternate translation: [to accuse him falsely]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / exclusive

εὕρομεν & τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἤρξαντο Δέ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες τοῦτον Εὕρομεν διαστρέφοντα τό ἔθνος ἡμῶν καί κωλύοντα φόρους Καίσαρι διδόναι καί λέγοντα ἑαυτόν Χριστόν βασιλέα εἶναι)

The terms We and our refer only the members of the Jewish ruling council who are speaking, not to Pilate or any of the other people nearby. So in your translation, use the exclusive forms of these words, if your language marks that distinction.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν

perverting (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἤρξαντο Δέ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες τοῦτον Εὕρομεν διαστρέφοντα τό ἔθνος ἡμῶν καί κωλύοντα φόρους Καίσαρι διδόναι καί λέγοντα ἑαυτόν Χριστόν βασιλέα εἶναι)

The Jewish leaders speak of Jesus as if he were a guide who was leading someone in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: [encouraging our people to do things that are wrong]

κωλύοντα φόρους & διδόναι

forbidding taxes & ˓to_be˒_giving

Alternate translation: [telling them not to pay taxes]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

Καίσαρι

˱to˲_Caesar

See how you translated Caesar in [20:22](../20/22.md). The Jewish leaders are referring to the Roman government by Caesar’s name, since he was its ruler. Alternate translation: [to the Roman government]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

23:2 The religious charges against Jesus were now replaced by political ones in order to gain a Roman conviction. Pilate was only interested in what concerned Rome. The Jewish charge of blasphemy would not be sufficient, so the council had to show that Jesus was a danger to Rome. They accused Jesus of inciting insurrection against Roman taxation and claiming to be a king. All but the last charge were false.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. And
    2. -
    3. 11610
    4. S
    5. de
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 60100
    1. they began
    2. they
    3. 7570
    5. arχō
    6. V-IAM3··P
    7. ˱they˲ began
    8. ˱they˲ began
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60099
    1. to be accusing
    2. accusations
    3. 27230
    5. katēgoreō
    6. V-NPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ accusing
    8. ˓to_be˒ accusing
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60101
    1. against him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3GMS
    7. ˱against˲ him
    8. ˱against˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60102
    1. saying
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-PPA·NMP
    7. saying
    8. saying
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60104
    1. We found
    2. found
    3. 21470
    4. D
    5. euriskō
    6. V-IAA1··P
    7. ˱we˲ found
    8. ˱we˲ found
    9. D
    10. Y33
    11. 60106
    1. this man
    2. man
    3. 37780
    5. houtos
    6. R-····AMS
    7. this ‹man›
    8. this ‹man›
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60105
    1. perverting
    2. perverting
    3. 12940
    5. diastrefō
    6. V-PPA·AMS
    7. perverting
    8. perverting
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60108
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····ANS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60109
    1. nation
    2. nation
    3. 14840
    5. ethnos
    6. N-····ANS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33; F60118
    11. 60110
    1. of us
    2. our
    3. 14730
    5. egō
    6. R-···1G·P
    7. ˱of˲ us
    8. ˱of˲ us
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60090
    11. 60111
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60112
    1. forbidding
    2. -
    3. 29670
    5. kōluō
    6. V-PPA·AMS
    7. forbidding
    8. forbidding
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60113
    1. to be giving
    2. -
    3. 13250
    5. didōmi
    6. V-NPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ giving
    8. ˓to_be˒ giving
    9. -
    10. Y33; R60110
    11. 60118
    1. taxes
    2. taxes
    3. 54110
    5. foros
    6. N-····AMP
    7. taxes
    8. taxes
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60115
    1. to Kaisar
    2. Caesar
    3. 25410
    4. U
    5. kaisar
    6. N-····DMS
    7. ˱to˲ Kaisar
    8. ˱to˲ Caesar
    9. U
    10. Y33
    11. 60117
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60120
    1. saying
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-PPA·AMS
    7. saying
    8. saying
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60121
    1. himself
    2. himself
    3. 14380
    5. heautou
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. himself
    8. himself
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60123
    1. +the chosen one messiah
    2. messiah
    3. 55470
    4. WN
    5. χristos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. ˓the˒ chosen_one/messiah
    8. ˓the˒ Messiah
    9. WN
    10. Y33; Person=Jesus
    11. 60125
    1. +a king
    2. king
    3. 9350
    5. basileus
    6. N-····AMS
    7. ˓a˒ king
    8. ˓a˒ king
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60126
    1. to be
    2. -
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-NPA····
    7. to_be
    8. to_be
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 60127

OET (OET-LV) And they_began to_be_accusing against_him saying:
We_found this man perverting the nation of_us, and forbidding to_be_giving taxes to_Kaisar, and saying himself the_chosen_one/messiah, a_king to_be.

OET (OET-RV) where they started to bring their accusations, “We found this man perverting our nation and telling the people not to pay taxes to Caesar. He calls himself the messiah and claims to be a king.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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