ROM 11:10 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Σκοτισθήτωσαν
2. skotizō
3. Let be darkened
4. darkened
5. 46540
6. VMAP3··P
7. ˓let_be˒ darkened
8. ˓let_be˒ darkened
9. S
10. Y60
11. 110253
1. οἱ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110254
1. ὀφθαλμοί
2. ofthalmos
3. eyes
4. eyes
5. 37880
6. N····NMP
7. eyes
8. eyes
9. -
10. Y60; F110259
11. 110255
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. of them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y60; R110207
11. 110256
1. τοῦ
2. ho
3. which
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····GNS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110257
1. μή
2. mē
3. not
4. can't
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110258
1. βλέπειν
2. blepō
3. to be seeing
4. -
5. 9910
6. VNPA····
7. ˓to_be˒ seeing
8. ˓to_be˒ seeing
9. -
10. Y60; R110255
11. 110259
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. and
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110260
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110261
1. νῶτον
2. nōtos
3. back
4. -
5. 35770
6. N····AMS
7. back
8. back
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110262
1. αὐτῶν
2. autos
3. of them
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y60; R110207
11. 110263
1. διά
2. dia
3. through
4. through
5. 12230
6. P·······
7. through
8. through
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110264
1. παντός
2. pas
3. all time
4. time
5. 39560
6. S····GMS
7. all ‹time›
8. all ‹time›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110265
1. σύγκαμψον
2. sugkamptō
3. bend
4. -
5. 47810
6. VMAA2··S
7. bend
8. bend
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110266

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:1–10: God has not rejected the Jews

In this section Paul, using a rhetorical question, said that God had certainly not rejected his chosen people, the Jews. Then he spoke of several ways that showed that God has not rejected them. Paul spoke again of God’s grace being the basis for him choosing who will be his people. The basis is not what people do.

Then Paul explained why only some Jews have accepted Jesus as the Christ/Messiah. God caused some of them to reject Christ for his own purposes (which was so that many non-Jews would believe in Jesus (11:12)).

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God has kept a remnant of Jews as his people

At this time, in grace, God has chosen some Israelites/Jews

11:10a

May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see,

Their eyes must become dark/blind so they do not see,
May you^(sing) make them as if blind.

May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see: Here David asked God to make his enemies as if blind.

Paul applied this to a different group of people than David did. You should not explain who their refers to in your translation. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see (ESV)

May their eyes be blinded so that they cannot see (GNT)

Make their eyes as if blind so they cannot see

11:10b

and their backs be bent forever.”

and make their backs always bent.”
And may you^(sing) bend their backs with difficulties/troubles.”

(NET:) make their backs bend: David asked God to bend the backs of his enemies. The scholars offer many suggestions as to what it might mean as a figure of speech.For example, Cranfield (page 552) lists as possibilities: “being bowed down under oppressive slavery, being bent under a heavy burden, cowering with fear, being bowed down by grief, being too weak to stand upright, or stooping to grope on the ground because one’s sight is bad or one is blind.” Other scholars say that Paul was not aiming for a specific meaning here, only that God will cause difficulties for the Jews who do not believe in Jesus.Moo (page 683) says, “Paul probably did not intend to apply the details in the quotation to the Jews of his own day. Thus it is fruitless to inquire about what the ‘table’ might stand for, or what ‘bending the backs’ might connote.” You should translate the meaning literally.

But in some languages a literal translation would not imply any figurative meaning. If that is true in your language, add a general idea of the figurative meaning. For example:

bend their backs with many difficulties/troubles

(NET:) continually: There are two ways to interpret the Greek words here:

It means continuously for an unstated amount of time. For example:
unceasingly (REB) (GNT, NET, REB)
It means continuously for all time to come. For example:
forever (ESV) (RSV, BSB, NIV, NJB, NASB, ESV, NABRE, NLT, GW, CEV, NCV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because 11:25–32 indicates that God has not made the Jews resistant to the gospel of Jesus forever. Many scholars suggest the Greek words are an idiom that means “continuously.”For example, Moo, Cranfield, Dunn, Schreiner, Jewett, Nicoll, and Fitzmyer follow interpretation (1). The Jews who do not believe in Jesus are to have difficulties and troubles until such time that God takes away those things.

General Comment on 11:9b–10b

These words are a quote from Psalm 69:22–23. If you indicate the location of quotes from the Old Testament with cross-references, you may want to do so here.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν, τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί αὐτῶν τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί τόν νῶτον αὐτῶν διά παντός σύγκαμψον)

This clause refers to being unable to understand something. See how you translated “eyes not to see” in [11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: [Let them be unable to understand]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [Blind their eyes]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύνκαμψον

This clause refers to making people suffer like how slaves suffer by carrying heavy burdens on their backs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [make them suffer continually]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

παντὸς

The end of this verse is the end of a quotation from [Psalm 69:22–23](../psa/069/022.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Let be darkened
2. darkened
3. 46540
4. S
5. skotizō
6. V-MAP3··P
7. ˓let_be˒ darkened
8. ˓let_be˒ darkened
9. S
10. Y60
11. 110253
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NMP
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110254
1. eyes
2. eyes
3. 37880
5. ofthalmos
6. N-····NMP
7. eyes
8. eyes
9. -
10. Y60; F110259
11. 110255
1. of them
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y60; R110207
11. 110256
1. which
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. R-····GNS
7. ¬which
8. ¬which
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110257
1. not
2. can't
3. 33610
5. mē
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110258
1. to be seeing
2. -
3. 9910
5. blepō
6. V-NPA····
7. ˓to_be˒ seeing
8. ˓to_be˒ seeing
9. -
10. Y60; R110255
11. 110259
1. and
2. and
3. 25320
5. kai
6. C-·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110260
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110261
1. back
2. -
3. 35770
5. nōtos
6. N-····AMS
7. back
8. back
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110262
1. of them
2. -
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMP
7. ˱of˲ them
8. ˱of˲ them
9. -
10. Y60; R110207
11. 110263
1. through
2. through
3. 12230
5. dia
6. P-·······
7. through
8. through
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110264
1. all time
2. time
3. 39560
5. pas
6. S-····GMS
7. all ‹time›
8. all ‹time›
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110265
1. bend
2. -
3. 47810
5. sugkamptō
6. V-MAA2··S
7. bend
8. bend
9. -
10. Y60
11. 110266

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear ROM 11:10

SR Greek word order

Section 11:1–10: God has not rejected the Jews

11:10a

11:10b

General Comment on 11:9b–10b

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)