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Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Rom 11 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33 V34 V35 V36

OET interlinear ROM 11:8

◄ ← ROM 11:8 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. καθάπερ
    2. kathaper
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25090
    6. D·······
    7. just_as
    8. just_as
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 110210
    1. καθώς
    2. kathōs
    3. as
    4. -
    5. 25310
    6. C·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110211
    1. γέγραπται
    2. grafō
    3. it has been written
    4. written
    5. 11250
    6. VIEP3··S
    7. ˱it˲ ˓has_been˒ written
    8. ˱it˲ ˓has_been˒ written
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110213
    11. 110212
    1. Ἔδωκεν
    2. didōmi
    3. Gave
    4. -
    5. 13250
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. gave
    8. gave
    9. B
    10. Y60; F110212
    11. 110213
    1. αὐτοῖς
    2. autos
    3. to them
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMP
    7. ˱to˲ them
    8. ˱to˲ them
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110207
    11. 110214
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110215
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 110216
    1. Θεός
    2. theos
    3. god
    4. ‘God
    5. 23160
    6. N····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 110217
    1. πνεῦμα
    2. pneuma
    3. +a spirit
    4. spirit
    5. 41510
    6. N····ANS
    7. ˓a˒ spirit
    8. ˓a˒ spirit
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110218
    1. κατανύξεως
    2. katanuxis
    3. of stupor
    4. -
    5. 26590
    6. N····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ stupor
    8. ˱of˲ stupor
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110219
    1. Ὀφθαλμούς
    2. ofthalmos
    3. Eyes
    4. -
    5. 37880
    6. N····AMP
    7. eyes
    8. eyes
    9. B
    10. Y60
    11. 110220
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110221
    1. μή
    2. mē
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 33610
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110222
    1. βλέπειν
    2. blepō
    3. to be seeing
    4. -
    5. 9910
    6. VNPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ seeing
    8. ˓to_be˒ seeing
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110223
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110224
    1. ὦτα
    2. ous
    3. ears
    4. -
    5. 37750
    6. N····ANP
    7. ears
    8. ears
    9. -
    10. Y60; F110228
    11. 110225
    1. τοῦ
    2. ho
    3. which
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. R····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110226
    1. μή
    2. mē
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 33610
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110227
    1. ἀκούειν
    2. akouō
    3. to be hearing
    4. hear
    5. 1910
    6. VNPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ hearing
    8. ˓to_be˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110225
    11. 110228
    1. ἕως
    2. heōs
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 21930
    6. P·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110229
    1. τῆς
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····GFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110230
    1. σήμερον
    2. sēmeron
    3. today
    4. -
    5. 45940
    6. D·······
    7. today
    8. today
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110231
    1. ἡμέρας
    2. hēmera
    3. day
    4. -
    5. 22500
    6. N····GFS
    7. day
    8. day
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110232
    1. καθάπερ
    2. kathaper
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25090
    6. D·······
    7. just_as
    8. just_as
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 110233

OET (OET-LV) as it_has_been_written:
Gave to_them the god a_spirit of_stupor:
Eyes which not to_be_seeing, and ears which not to_be_hearing, to the today day.

OET (OET-RV) just like is was written:
 ⇔ ‘God gave them a lethargic spirit:
 ⇔ Eyes which can’t see and ears which can’t hear,
 ⇔ even to this very day.’

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 11:1–10: God has not rejected the Jews

In this section Paul, using a rhetorical question, said that God had certainly not rejected his chosen people, the Jews. Then he spoke of several ways that showed that God has not rejected them. Paul spoke again of God’s grace being the basis for him choosing who will be his people. The basis is not what people do.

Then Paul explained why only some Jews have accepted Jesus as the Christ/Messiah. God caused some of them to reject Christ for his own purposes (which was so that many non-Jews would believe in Jesus (11:12)).

Here are other possible headings for this section:

God has kept a remnant of Jews as his people

At this time, in grace, God has chosen some Israelites/Jews

11:8a–b

God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear: There are several ways to interpret the connection of eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear (11:8b) to God gave them a spirit of stupor (11:8a):

  1. It is an additional description of the Jews, as with the comma in the BSB. (BSB, REV, NIV, ESV, NABRE, KJV, NASB, NET, NLT, GW)

  2. Both parts describe the same thing. The semi-colon implies this in English. For example:

    God has infused them with a spirit of lethargy; until today they have not eyes to see or ears to hear (NJB) (GNT, NJB, REB)

  3. The stupor is the cause for the eyes not seeing and ears not hearing. For example:

    God made them so stupid that their eyes are blind, and their ears are still deaf (CEV) (CEV, NCV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), because many scholars also use a comma here.

In some languages adding an “and” would be more natural. For example:

God gave them a spirit of stupor, and eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear

11:8a

as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor,

11:8a–c is a quote from parts of Isaiah 29:10 and Deuteronomy 29:4. If you indicate the location of quotes from the Old Testament with cross-references, you may want to do so here.

as it is written: This phrase introduces a quote from the Old Testament. Paul quoted what God said to the nation of Israel. See how you translated this phrase in 1:17 or 10:15.

God gave them a spirit of stupor: Here the word spirit refers to a condition or state of being. The Jews would always be in a stupor until the time God takes that stupor away. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

God made their minds and hearts dull (GNT)

stupor: This word refers to being unable to respond, like when someone cannot think well or is deeply asleep.The KJV, NABRE, NLT, and GW translate this word as “deep sleep” or “slumber,” but the BDAG, L&N, Kittel, and L&S Greek lexicons all translate this word as “stupor” or “stupefaction.” Here the Jews could not understand God’s truth, in particular about his Christ/Messiah, Jesus. Here are other ways to translate this word:

being unable to thinkYongkom Back Translation, unpublished manuscript, Papua New Guinea.

not able to sense/be-aware-of (anything)Tagbanwa Back Translation on TW.

God made their minds to become numb so that they might not understandWestern Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation on TW.

11:8b

eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear,

eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear: The Greek is literally “eyes of-the not seeing and ears of-the not hearing.” It is a figure of speech. It indicates that the Jews could not see or understand God’s truth, in particular about his Christ/Messiah, Jesus. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

eyes that could not see and ears that could not hear (NIV11)

they have not eyes to see or ears to hear (NJB)

he has shut their eyes so they do not see, and closed their ears so they do not hear (NLT)

they could not understand (NCV)

11:8c

to this very day.”

to this very day: The Greek is literally “until the today day.” In the passage Paul quoted from, it referred to the forty years that the Jews wandered in the desert before reaching the promised land, going to the day Moses spoke these words. Paul implied that it was still true over a thousand years later when he wrote this letter to the Roman believers. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

down to this very day (ESV)

and so it is to this day (REB)

This continues until today. (NCV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: writing-quotations

καθὼς γέγραπται

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καθώς γέγραπται Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας)

See how you translated this phrase in [1:17](../01/17.md).

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

καθὼς γέγραπται

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καθώς γέγραπται Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας)

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the quotation is a paraphrase of [Isaiah 29:10](../isa/29/10.md) and [Deuteronomy 29:4](../deu/29/04.md). Alternate translation: [just as God stated]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως, ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καθώς γέγραπται Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας)

In these clauses Paul paraphrases [Isaiah 29:10](../isa/29/10.md) and [Deuteronomy 29:4](../deu/29/04.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

πνεῦμα κατανύξεως

˓a˒_spirit ˱of˲_stupor

Paul is using the possessive form to describe a spirit that is characterized by dullness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: [a dull spirit]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

πνεῦμα κατανύξεως

˓a˒_spirit ˱of˲_stupor

Here, spirit refers to a person’s attitude or manner of thinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [an attitude of dullness]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καθώς γέγραπται Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας)

Paul quotes Moses using eyes not to see and ears not to hear to refer to being unable to understand something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [being unable to perceive and unable to comprehend]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καθώς γέγραπται Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεός πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας)

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the people of Israel were completely unable to understand how to become righteous. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: [being completely unable to comprehend]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

11:7-8 the hearts of the rest were hardened: This is God’s own work; God has put them into a deep sleep and shut their eyes. See Acts 13:46-48; 18:6.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. as
    2. -
    3. 25310
    5. kathōs
    6. C-·······
    7. as
    8. as
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110211
    1. it has been written
    2. written
    3. 11250
    5. grafō
    6. V-IEP3··S
    7. ˱it˲ ˓has_been˒ written
    8. ˱it˲ ˓has_been˒ written
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110213
    11. 110212
    1. Gave
    2. -
    3. 13250
    4. B
    5. didōmi
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. gave
    8. gave
    9. B
    10. Y60; F110212
    11. 110213
    1. to them
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMP
    7. ˱to˲ them
    8. ˱to˲ them
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110207
    11. 110214
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110215
    1. god
    2. ‘God
    3. 23160
    4. GN
    5. theos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. god
    8. God
    9. GN
    10. Y60; Person=God
    11. 110217
    1. +a spirit
    2. spirit
    3. 41510
    5. pneuma
    6. N-····ANS
    7. ˓a˒ spirit
    8. ˓a˒ spirit
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110218
    1. of stupor
    2. -
    3. 26590
    5. katanuxis
    6. N-····GFS
    7. ˱of˲ stupor
    8. ˱of˲ stupor
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110219
    1. Eyes
    2. -
    3. 37880
    4. B
    5. ofthalmos
    6. N-····AMP
    7. eyes
    8. eyes
    9. B
    10. Y60
    11. 110220
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110221
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 33610
    5. mē
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110222
    1. to be seeing
    2. -
    3. 9910
    5. blepō
    6. V-NPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ seeing
    8. ˓to_be˒ seeing
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110223
    1. and
    2. -
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110224
    1. ears
    2. -
    3. 37750
    5. ous
    6. N-····ANP
    7. ears
    8. ears
    9. -
    10. Y60; F110228
    11. 110225
    1. which
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. R-····GNS
    7. ¬which
    8. ¬which
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110226
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 33610
    5. mē
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110227
    1. to be hearing
    2. hear
    3. 1910
    5. akouō
    6. V-NPA····
    7. ˓to_be˒ hearing
    8. ˓to_be˒ hearing
    9. -
    10. Y60; R110225
    11. 110228
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 21930
    5. heōs
    6. P-·······
    7. to
    8. to
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110229
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····GFS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110230
    1. today
    2. -
    3. 45940
    5. sēmeron
    6. D-·······
    7. today
    8. today
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110231
    1. day
    2. -
    3. 22500
    5. hēmera
    6. N-····GFS
    7. day
    8. day
    9. -
    10. Y60
    11. 110232

OET (OET-LV) as it_has_been_written:
Gave to_them the god a_spirit of_stupor:
Eyes which not to_be_seeing, and ears which not to_be_hearing, to the today day.

OET (OET-RV) just like is was written:
 ⇔ ‘God gave them a lethargic spirit:
 ⇔ Eyes which can’t see and ears which can’t hear,
 ⇔ even to this very day.’

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← ROM 11:8 ↑ → ► ║ ©