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OET interlinear JOS 9:4

◄ ← JOS 9:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,יַּעֲשׂוּ
    2. 149145,149146
    3. And they made
    4. then
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and=they_made
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103134
    1. גַם
    2. 149147
    3. also
    4. -
    5. 1571
    6. S-D
    7. also
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103135
    2. 149148
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 103136
    1. הֵמָּה
    2. 149149
    3. they
    4. -
    5. 1992
    6. S-Pp3mp
    7. they
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103137
    1. בְּ,עָרְמָה
    2. 149150,149151
    3. with cunning
    4. cunning
    5. 6195
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    7. with,cunning
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103138
    1. וַ,יֵּלְכוּ
    2. 149152,149153
    3. and they went
    4. -
    5. 3212
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_went
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103139
    1. וַ,יִּצְטַיָּרוּ
    2. 149154,149155
    3. and they acted as ambassadors
    4. ambassadors
    5. 6737
    6. SV-C,Vtw3mp
    7. and,they_acted_as_ambassadors
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103140
    1. וַ,יִּקְחוּ
    2. 149156,149157
    3. and they took
    4. -
    5. 3947
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and=they_took
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103141
    1. שַׂקִּים
    2. 149158
    3. sacks
    4. sacks
    5. 8242
    6. O-Ncmpa
    7. sacks
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103142
    1. בָּלִים
    2. 149159
    3. worn out
    4. -
    5. 1087
    6. O-Aampa
    7. worn_out
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103143
    1. לַ,חֲמוֹרֵי,הֶם
    2. 149160,149161,149162
    3. for donkeys of their
    4. their donkeys
    5. 2543
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp3mp
    7. for,donkeys_of,their
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103144
    1. וְ,נֹאדוֹת
    2. 149163,149164
    3. and skin-bottles of
    4. -
    5. 4997
    6. SO-C,Ncmpc
    7. and,skin-bottles_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103145
    1. יַיִן
    2. 149165
    3. wine
    4. -
    5. 3196
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. wine
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103146
    1. בָּלִים
    2. 149166
    3. worn out
    4. -
    5. 1087
    6. O-Aampa
    7. worn_out
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103147
    1. וּ,מְבֻקָּעִים
    2. 149167,149168
    3. and split
    4. -
    5. 1234
    6. O-C,VPsmpa
    7. and,split
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103148
    1. וּ,מְצֹרָרִים
    2. 149169,149170
    3. and tied up
    4. mended
    6. O-C,VPsmpa
    7. and,tied_up
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103149
    2. 149171
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 103150

OET (OET-LV) And_they_made also they with_cunning and_they_went and_they_acted_as_ambassadors and_they_took sacks worn_out for_donkeys_of_their and_skin-bottles_of wine worn_out and_split and_tied_up.

OET (OET-RV) they decided to use cunning instead. They found old, worn-out sacks to throw over their donkeys and old, worn-out wineskins that had been torn and mended, then sent men to act as ambassadors.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 9:1–27 The Gibeonites deceived the Israelites

The Gibeonite people lived near Ai. When they heard that Joshua had defeated Ai, they were afraid that he would conquer and kill them too. So, they sent messengers who pretended they had come from a long distance away. They deceived the Israelites and made a treaty of friendship with them.

Later, the Israelites learned that the Gibeonites lied to them, and that they lived quite close to them. They could not kill them because of the treaty, so they made them be water carriers and woodcutters for the Israelites.

Here are some other possible section headings:

The people of Gibeon

The Gibeon people tricked the Israelites and made a treaty with them

9:4a-b

acted deceptively and set out as envoys: There is a Hebrew phrase near the beginning of this verse, which the BSB leaves implicit, that can be translated as “also they.” This phrase contrasts the Gibeonites with the kings mentioned in 9:1–2. Translate this phrase with whatever lexical or grammatical means is most natural to show this contrast.

9:4a

acted deceptively

acted deceptively: The phrase acted deceptively indicates that the Gibeonites deceived the Israelites.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

they deceived the Israelites

they did a trick/deception/scheme

9:4b

and set out as envoys,

set out as envoys: There is a textual issue with the phrase set out as envoys.

  1. Some Hebrew manuscripts have a verb that means “made ready provisions.” For example:

    they provided themselves with supplies (NJB) (NJB, RSV, NRSV, ESV, NAB, NCV, NET, GNT)

  2. The Hebrew Masoretic Text uses a verb that occurs only here. Some scholars think this verb means “to act as an ambassador,” but the meaning is uncertain. The NIV is an example of an English version that follows this interpretation:

    they went as a delegation (NIV) (BSB, NIV, CEV, GW, NASB, NLT, BSB)

It is recommended that you follow option (1) along with a majority of English versions.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

they packed food to take on a journey

They went and got some food (GNT)

9:4c

carrying on their donkeys worn-out sacks

carrying on their donkeys: The phrase on their donkeys means that they carried the sacks on the backs of their donkeys.

donkeys: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as donkeys is translated “asses” in some English versions. The word “ass” is from old English.9:4 The word “ass” can have vulgar connotations in English.

worn-out sacks: The phrase worn-out sacks indicates that they used old sacks to carry things on their donkeys. The sacks were worn thin from much use.

9:4d

and old wineskins, cracked and mended.

and old wineskins, cracked and mended: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates as wineskins refers to leather bags that were used to carry wine. The wineskins, like the sacks, were old and in poor condition.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast

וַ⁠יַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֨מָּה֙ בְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה

and=they_made also/even they(emph) with,cunning

The word also does not indicate that the other kings had acted with cunning and the people of Gibeon did the same. Rather, the idea is that the other kings acted by joining forces to fight the Israelites, and the people of Gibeon also acted, but with cunning rather than by fighting. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [And they also took action, but unlike the other kings, they did not prepare to fight; they used cunning]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה

with,cunning

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of cunning, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [craftily]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And they made
    2. then
    3. 1987,6035
    5. 149145,149146
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103134
    1. also
    2. -
    3. 1471
    5. 149147
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103135
    1. they
    2. -
    3. 1877
    5. 149149
    6. S-Pp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103137
    1. with cunning
    2. cunning
    3. 846,6095
    5. 149150,149151
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103138
    1. and they went
    2. -
    3. 1987,1984
    5. 149152,149153
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103139
    1. and they acted as ambassadors
    2. ambassadors
    3. 1987,6644
    5. 149154,149155
    6. SV-C,Vtw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103140
    1. and they took
    2. -
    3. 1987,3828
    5. 149156,149157
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103141
    1. sacks
    2. sacks
    3. 8067
    5. 149158
    6. O-Ncmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103142
    1. worn out
    2. -
    3. 1189
    5. 149159
    6. O-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103143
    1. for donkeys of their
    2. their donkeys
    3. 3705,2227,1978
    5. 149160,149161,149162
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103144
    1. and skin-bottles of
    2. -
    3. 1987,5243
    5. 149163,149164
    6. SO-C,Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103145
    1. wine
    2. -
    3. 3140
    5. 149165
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103146
    1. worn out
    2. -
    3. 1189
    5. 149166
    6. O-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103147
    1. and split
    2. -
    3. 1987,1215
    5. 149167,149168
    6. O-C,VPsmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103148
    1. and tied up
    2. mended
    3. 1987,6692
    5. 149169,149170
    6. O-C,VPsmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 103149

OET (OET-LV) And_they_made also they with_cunning and_they_went and_they_acted_as_ambassadors and_they_took sacks worn_out for_donkeys_of_their and_skin-bottles_of wine worn_out and_split and_tied_up.

OET (OET-RV) they decided to use cunning instead. They found old, worn-out sacks to throw over their donkeys and old, worn-out wineskins that had been torn and mended, then sent men to act as ambassadors.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← JOS 9:4 ↑ → ► ║ ©