OET interlinear 1 SAM 25:39

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה

(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened Dāvid that/for/because/then/when dead Nāⱱāl and=he/it_said blessed YHWH which/who judged DOM cause_of my_disgrace_of,my from,the_hand_of Nāⱱāl and=DOM servant_of,his kept_back from,evil and=DOM evil Nāⱱāl returned YHWH on,his_own_of,head and,he_sent Dāvid and=he/it_spoke with,Abigail to,take,her to=him/it to/for=(a)_woman )

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the similar expression in 25:32. Alternate translation: [I bless Yahweh]

Note 2 topic: writing-poetry

אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜⁠י מִ⁠יַּ֣ד & נָבָ֔ל

(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened Dāvid that/for/because/then/when dead Nāⱱāl and=he/it_said blessed YHWH which/who judged DOM cause_of my_disgrace_of,my from,the_hand_of Nāⱱāl and=DOM servant_of,his kept_back from,evil and=DOM evil Nāⱱāl returned YHWH on,his_own_of,head and,he_sent Dāvid and=he/it_spoke with,Abigail to,take,her to=him/it to/for=(a)_woman )

David is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root to emphasize how completely Yahweh has defended him. See how you translated the similar expression “conduct my case” in 24:15. Alternate translation: [who has defended me after my reproach from the hand of Nabal]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

חֶרְפָּתִ֜⁠י מִ⁠יַּ֣ד & נָבָ֔ל

(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened Dāvid that/for/because/then/when dead Nāⱱāl and=he/it_said blessed YHWH which/who judged DOM cause_of my_disgrace_of,my from,the_hand_of Nāⱱāl and=DOM servant_of,his kept_back from,evil and=DOM evil Nāⱱāl returned YHWH on,his_own_of,head and,he_sent Dāvid and=he/it_spoke with,Abigail to,take,her to=him/it to/for=(a)_woman )

David is using one part of Nabal, his hand, to mean all of him in the act of insulting David by refusing his request. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Nabal insulting me by refusing to give me anything]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person

עַבְדּ⁠וֹ֙

servant_of,his

David is speaking about himself in relation to Yahweh humbly in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: [me, his servant]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

נָבָל֒ & וְ⁠אֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת & הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ

Nāⱱāl & and=DOM evil & (Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened Dāvid that/for/because/then/when dead Nāⱱāl and=he/it_said blessed YHWH which/who judged DOM cause_of my_disgrace_of,my from,the_hand_of Nāⱱāl and=DOM servant_of,his kept_back from,evil and=DOM evil Nāⱱāl returned YHWH on,his_own_of,head and,he_sent Dāvid and=he/it_spoke with,Abigail to,take,her to=him/it to/for=(a)_woman )

David is speaking of Nabal’s evil as if it were an object that Yahweh could have brought back to him and placed on his head. He means that Yahweh has caused the consequences of those actions to affect him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [And because Nabal did something bad to me, Yahweh made something bad happen to him]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַ⁠יְדַבֵּ֣ר

(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_listened Dāvid that/for/because/then/when dead Nāⱱāl and=he/it_said blessed YHWH which/who judged DOM cause_of my_disgrace_of,my from,the_hand_of Nāⱱāl and=DOM servant_of,his kept_back from,evil and=DOM evil Nāⱱāl returned YHWH on,his_own_of,head and,he_sent Dāvid and=he/it_spoke with,Abigail to,take,her to=him/it to/for=(a)_woman )

The author means that David sent messengers to Abigail, and they spoke on his behalf. Alternate translation: [And David sent people to speak]