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Mark C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16

Mark 13 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33 V34 V35 V36 V37

OET interlinear MARK 13:8

◄ ← MARK 13:8 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. ἐγερθήσεται
    2. egeirō
    3. will be being raised
    4. -
    5. 14530
    6. VIFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ raised
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ raised
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33647
    1. Γάρ
    2. gar
    3. For/Because
    4. -
    5. 10630
    6. C·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33648
    1. ἔθνος
    2. ethnos
    3. nation
    4. -
    5. 14840
    6. N····NNS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33649
    1. ἐπί
    2. epi
    3. against
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. against
    8. against
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33650
    1. ἔθνος
    2. ethnos
    3. nation
    4. -
    5. 14840
    6. N····ANS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33651
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. but
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33652
    1. βασιλεία
    2. basileia
    3. kingdom
    4. -
    5. 9320
    6. N····NFS
    7. kingdom
    8. kingdom
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33653
    1. ἐπί
    2. epi
    3. against
    4. -
    5. 19090
    6. P·······
    7. against
    8. against
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33654
    1. βασιλείαν
    2. basileia
    3. kingdom
    4. -
    5. 9320
    6. N····AFS
    7. kingdom
    8. kingdom
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33655
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33656
    1. Ἔσονται
    2. eimi
    3. There will be
    4. There'll
    5. 15100
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˱there˲ will_be
    8. ˱there˲ will_be
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33657
    1. σεισμοί
    2. seismos
    3. earthquakes
    4. earthquakes
    5. 45780
    6. N····NMP
    7. earthquakes
    8. earthquakes
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33658
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. in
    4. -
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33659
    1. τόπους
    2. topos
    3. places
    4. places
    5. 51170
    6. N····AMP
    7. places
    8. places
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33660
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33661
    1. ἔσονται
    2. eimi
    3. there will be
    4. there'll
    5. 15100
    6. VIFM3··P
    7. ˱there˲ will_be
    8. ˱there˲ will_be
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33662
    1. λιμοί
    2. limos
    3. famines
    4. famines
    5. 30420
    6. N····NMP
    7. famines
    8. famines
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33663
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33664
    1. ταραχαί
    2. taraχē
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 50160
    6. N····NFP
    7. agitations
    8. agitations
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33665
    1. ἀρχαί
    2. arχē
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 7460
    6. N····NFP
    7. ˓the˒ beginnings
    8. ˓the˒ beginnings
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 33666
    1. ἀρχή
    2. arχē
    3. +the beginning
    4. beginning
    5. 7460
    6. N····NFS
    7. ˓the˒ beginning
    8. ˓the˒ beginning
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33667
    1. ὠδίνων
    2. ōdis
    3. of birth pains
    4. birth pains
    5. 56040
    6. N····GFP
    7. ˱of˲ birth_pains
    8. ˱of˲ birth_pains
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33668
    1. ταῦτα
    2. houtos
    3. these are
    4. -
    5. 37780
    6. R····NNP
    7. these ‹are›
    8. these ‹are›
    9. -
    10. Y33; R33647; R33653; R33660; R33663
    11. 33669

OET (OET-LV) For/Because nation will_be_being_raised against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.
There_will_be earthquakes in places, there_will_be famines, these are the_beginning of_birth_pains.

OET (OET-RV) Countries will take up arms against other countries, and kingdoms against other kingdoms. There’ll be earthquakes in many places and there’ll be famines, but those will be just like the beginning of birth pains.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 13:1–8: Jesus told his disciples that enemies would destroy the temple

In 11:27 Jesus entered the temple courts, and he and his disciples probably remained there through chapter 12. Then they left the temple (13:1), and one of the disciples exclaimed about how beautiful the temple was. Jesus told him that the Jews’ enemies would one day destroy the temple. The other disciples overheard this conversation. Some of them came to Jesus with some questions about what he had said. Jesus told them to be prepared for times of trouble in the future.

It is good to translate this section before you decide on a heading for it.

Here are some other possible headings for this section:

The Jerusalem temple would soon be destroyed

The destruction of the temple and the coming times of trouble

There are parallel passages for this section in Matthew 24:1–8 and Luke 21:5–11.

Paragraph 13:5–8

In this paragraph, Jesus warned his disciples that terrible events would occur sometime after he died and before he returned to earth. He told them to be careful not to let anyone deceive them, because false messiahs would come. There would also be wars, famines, and earthquakes.

13:8a

Nation will rise against nation,

Nation will rise against nation: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Nation means “the people of one country.” In this context it is also possible to translate nation as “tribe” or “ethnic group.”

rise against: The expression rise against means “start to make war against” or “attack.”

Here are some other ways to translate this expression:

Countries will fight each other (GNT)

People from one tribe will attack people from another tribe.

13:8b

and kingdom against kingdom.

and kingdom against kingdom: The phrase and kingdom against kingdom implies the verb that the BSB translates as “will rise” in 13:8a. In many languages it is necessary to supply this verb or another verb with the same meaning here in 13:8b, as well. For example:

kingdoms will attack one another (GNT)

and the people of one kingdom will march against those of another

kingdom: A kingdom is the territory that a king rules. Here it refers to the people who live in the kingdom.

Here is another way to translate this phrase:

and people who are under one ruler/chief will fight against people who are under another ruler/chief

General Comment on 13:8a–b

The statements in 13:8a and 13:8b are very similar. In some languages it may be natural to combine these statements. For example, the CEV says:

Nations and kingdoms will go to war against each other.

13:8c

There will be earthquakes in various places,

There will be earthquakes in various places: The Greek word that the BSB translates as earthquakes refers to sudden and violent movements of the ground. When the ground shakes like this, it often destroys buildings. Jesus said that the earth would shake at different times and in different places. He implied that this would cause much damage and suffering.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

The earth will shake violently in various places.

In various places earthquakes will happen.

in various places: This phrase means “in different places” or “in many parts of the world.”

13:8d

as well as famines.

as well as famines: The Greek word that the BSB translates as famines refers to prolonged periods when people do not have enough food to eat. They become very hungry and many die of hunger.

The word famines should be distinguished from annual periods when food is usually in short supply. It should also be distinguished from the daily experience of hunger which shows someone that it is time to eat again.

Here is another way to translate this:

…and some people will die of hunger.

13:8e

These are the beginning of birth pains.

These are the beginning of birth pains: The clause These are the beginning of birth pains is a metaphor. The word These refers to the terrible events that Jesus predicted in 13:6–8. They would be like the pains that a woman first feels when her child is about to be born. These pains increase until the moment when the child is born. In the same way, these terrible events would be a sign that there would be even more severe suffering in the future. See 13:14–22.

Here are some other ways to translate this clause:

These sufferings are like the first pains of childbirth.

These events are like the first pains of a woman before she gives birth. They show that greater suffering is coming.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

γὰρ

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

Here, the word For introduces a further explanation of what is going to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: [Even more,]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπ’ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν

˓will_be_being˒_raised & nation (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two phrases. Alternate translation: [nation will rise against nation, yes, kingdom against kingdom] or [nation and kingdom rise against nation and kingdom]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπ’ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν

˓will_be_being˒_raised & nation (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

The words nation and kingdom represents nations and kingdoms in general, not one particular kingdom and nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: [some nations will rise against other nations, and some kingdoms against other kingdoms]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπ’ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν

˓will_be_being˒_raised & nation (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

Here, the words nation and kingdom represent the people who live in them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the people of a nation will rise up against the people of another nation, and the people of a kingdom against the people of another kingdom]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐγερθήσεται & ἐπ’

˓will_be_being˒_raised & (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

The phrase rise against referring to attacking someone or something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [will fight against]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν

kingdom (Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [kingdom will rise against kingdom]

Note 7 topic: translate-textvariants

λιμοί

famines

Many ancient manuscripts read famines. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “famines and troubles.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ταῦτα

these_‹are›

Here, These things refers to the things that Jesus has said will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: [The things that I have just described are]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἀρχὴ ὠδίνων

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: ἐγερθήσεται Γάρ ἔθνος ἐπί ἔθνος καί βασιλεία ἐπί βασιλείαν Ἔσονται σεισμοί κατά τόπους ἔσονται λιμοί ἀρχή ὠδίνων ταῦτα)

Here Jesus speaks of the events that he has described as if they were the beginning of birth pains. He means that, just like birth pains, they are difficult and painful things that eventually lead to a happy and wonderful result. If possible, you should maintain the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: [like the beginning of birth pains]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. For/Because
    2. -
    3. 10630
    4. S
    5. gar
    6. C-·······
    7. for
    8. for
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33648
    1. nation
    2. -
    3. 14840
    5. ethnos
    6. N-····NNS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33649
    1. will be being raised
    2. -
    3. 14530
    5. egeirō
    6. V-IFP3··S
    7. ˓will_be_being˒ raised
    8. ˓will_be_being˒ raised
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33647
    1. against
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. against
    8. against
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33650
    1. nation
    2. -
    3. 14840
    5. ethnos
    6. N-····ANS
    7. nation
    8. nation
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33651
    1. and
    2. but
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33652
    1. kingdom
    2. -
    3. 9320
    5. basileia
    6. N-····NFS
    7. kingdom
    8. kingdom
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33653
    1. against
    2. -
    3. 19090
    5. epi
    6. P-·······
    7. against
    8. against
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33654
    1. kingdom
    2. -
    3. 9320
    5. basileia
    6. N-····AFS
    7. kingdom
    8. kingdom
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33655
    1. There will be
    2. There'll
    3. 15100
    4. S
    5. eimi
    6. V-IFM3··P
    7. ˱there˲ will_be
    8. ˱there˲ will_be
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 33657
    1. earthquakes
    2. earthquakes
    3. 45780
    5. seismos
    6. N-····NMP
    7. earthquakes
    8. earthquakes
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33658
    1. in
    2. -
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. in
    8. in
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33659
    1. places
    2. places
    3. 51170
    5. topos
    6. N-····AMP
    7. places
    8. places
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33660
    1. there will be
    2. there'll
    3. 15100
    5. eimi
    6. V-IFM3··P
    7. ˱there˲ will_be
    8. ˱there˲ will_be
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33662
    1. famines
    2. famines
    3. 30420
    5. limos
    6. N-····NMP
    7. famines
    8. famines
    9. -
    10. Y33; F33669
    11. 33663
    1. these are
    2. -
    3. 37780
    5. houtos
    6. R-····NNP
    7. these ‹are›
    8. these ‹are›
    9. -
    10. Y33; R33647; R33653; R33660; R33663
    11. 33669
    1. +the beginning
    2. beginning
    3. 7460
    5. arχē
    6. N-····NFS
    7. ˓the˒ beginning
    8. ˓the˒ beginning
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33667
    1. of birth pains
    2. birth pains
    3. 56040
    5. ōdis
    6. N-····GFP
    7. ˱of˲ birth_pains
    8. ˱of˲ birth_pains
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 33668

OET (OET-LV) For/Because nation will_be_being_raised against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.
There_will_be earthquakes in places, there_will_be famines, these are the_beginning of_birth_pains.

OET (OET-RV) Countries will take up arms against other countries, and kingdoms against other kingdoms. There’ll be earthquakes in many places and there’ll be famines, but those will be just like the beginning of birth pains.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← MARK 13:8 ↑ → ► ║ ©