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Prov C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31

Prov 19 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V29

OET interlinear PROV 19:28

◄ ← PROV 19:28 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. עֵד
    2. 393927
    3. A witness of
    4. witness
    5. 5707
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. a_witness_of
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274641
    1. בְּלִיַּעַל
    2. 393928
    3. worthlessness
    4. worthless
    5. 1100
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. worthlessness
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274642
    1. יָלִיץ
    2. 393929
    3. he mocks
    4. -
    5. 3887
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    7. he_mocks
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274643
    1. מִשְׁפָּט
    2. 393930
    3. justice
    4. justice
    5. 4941
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. justice
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274644
    1. וּ,פִי
    2. 393931,393932
    3. and +the mouth of
    4. and mouth
    5. 6310
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    7. and_[the],mouth_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274645
    1. רְשָׁעִים
    2. 393933
    3. wicked people
    4. -
    5. 7563
    6. S-Aampa
    7. wicked_[people]
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274646
    1. יְבַלַּע
    2. 393934
    3. it swallows up
    4. -
    5. 1104
    6. V-Vpi3ms
    7. it_swallows_up
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274647
    2. 393935
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274648
    1. אָוֶן
    2. 393936
    3. wickedness
    4. -
    5. 205
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. wickedness
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274649
    2. 393937
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274650

OET (OET-LV) A_witness_of worthlessness he_mocks justice and_the_mouth_of wicked_people it_swallows_up wickedness.

OET (OET-RV) A worthless witness makes a mockery of justice,
 ⇔ and the mouth of the wicked person gulps in more wickedness.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

19:28–29

These two proverbs are closely related by two sets of similar words:

  1. the words “mocks” and “mockers”

  2. the words “justice” and “judgments.” In Hebrew, these nouns are slightly different forms of the same root word.See Waltke (page 124) for more details, including the repetition of similar sounds in the Hebrew words.

19:28

Notice the parallelism. The word “wicked” in the second line refers to the same person as the “corrupt witness” in the first line.

28aA corrupt witness mocks justice,

28band a wicked mouth swallows iniquity.

This wicked person is described as using his mouth in two ways. He uses his mouth (implied) to tell lies in court. He also figuratively uses his mouth to gulp down evil.

19:28a

A corrupt witness mocks justice,

A corrupt witness: This phrase describes a witness who is both wicked and worthless. It is clearly implied that this kind of witness tells lies in court. See the note on 16:27a. In that verse, the Hebrew word for corrupt was translated as “worthless man” due to the different context.

mocks justice: By giving false testimony, this witness shows that he considers the rights of other people to be of no value. He treats with scorn and contempt the idea of justice and the legal system by which it is carried out.Hubbard (page 181).

Some other ways to translate 19:28a are:

A lying witness makes a mockery of justice (REB)

A worthless witness mocks justice (GW)

In some languages, there may be a figure of speech that effectively expresses the meaning of mocking justice. Two figures of speech that would be appropriate in English are:

treats the legal system like dirt

tramples justice under his feet

19:28b

and a wicked mouth swallows iniquity.

and a wicked mouth swallows iniquity: This clause is a metaphor. In this metaphor, the reaction of a wicked person to evil deeds is compared to the way that people react to food. The similarity is enjoyment. A wicked person enjoys seeing or doing evil as much as people enjoy eating.

In some languages, a literal translation of this metaphor may be difficult to understand. Some other ways to translate it are:

Figures of speech help to make a proverb more vivid or easy to remember. So this option should be used only if the other options are not effective.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל & וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע

witness_of worthless & and_[the],mouth_of wicked devours

A witness of worthlessness and the mouth here refer to this type of people and mouths in general, not a specific witness or mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any witness of worthlessness … and the mouths of the wicked ones swallow”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל

witness_of worthless

Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a witness who is characterized by worthlessness. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a worthless witness”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בְּ֭לִיַּעַל & מִשְׁפָּ֑ט & אָֽוֶן

worthless & justice & iniquity

See how you translated the abstract nouns worthlessness and iniquity in [6:12](../06/12.md) and justice in [1:3](../01/03.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע־אָֽוֶן

and_[the],mouth_of wicked devours iniquity

Here Solomon speaks of the wicked ones enjoying doing iniquity as if iniquity were delicious food that they could swallow with their mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the wicked ones enjoy iniquity” or “the wicked enjoy doing iniquity as much as they enjoy eating delicious food”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. A witness of
    2. witness
    3. 5696
    5. 393927
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274641
    1. worthlessness
    2. worthless
    3. 881
    5. 393928
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274642
    1. he mocks
    2. -
    3. 3741
    5. 393929
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274643
    1. justice
    2. justice
    3. 4244
    5. 393930
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274644
    1. and +the mouth of
    2. and mouth
    3. 1987,6255
    5. 393931,393932
    6. S-C,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274645
    1. wicked people
    2. -
    3. 7351
    5. 393933
    6. S-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274646
    1. it swallows up
    2. -
    3. 1194
    5. 393934
    6. V-Vpi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274647
    1. wickedness
    2. -
    3. 646
    5. 393936
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274649

OET (OET-LV) A_witness_of worthlessness he_mocks justice and_the_mouth_of wicked_people it_swallows_up wickedness.

OET (OET-RV) A worthless witness makes a mockery of justice,
 ⇔ and the mouth of the wicked person gulps in more wickedness.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 19:28 ↑ → ► ║ ©