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OET interlinear PROV 28:14

◄ ← PROV 28:14 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אַשְׁרֵי
    2. 397377
    3. How blessed
    4. blessed
    5. 835
    6. P-Ncmpa
    7. how_blessed!
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277273
    1. אָדָם
    2. 397378
    3. +is a person
    4. person
    5. 120
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. [is]_a_person
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277274
    1. מְפַחֵד
    2. 397379
    3. who fears
    4. -
    5. 6342
    6. V-Vprmsa
    7. [who]_fears
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277275
    1. תָּמִיד
    2. 397380
    3. continually
    4. -
    5. 8548
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. continually
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277276
    1. וּ,מַקְשֶׁה
    2. 397381,397382
    3. and one who hardens
    4. -
    5. 7185
    6. SV-C,Vhrmsa
    7. and,[one_who]_hardens
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277277
    1. לִבּ,וֹ
    2. 397383,397384
    3. his/its heart
    4. -
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    7. his/its=heart
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277278
    1. יִפּוֹל
    2. 397385
    3. he will fall
    4. -
    5. 5307
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_fall
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277279
    1. בְּ,רָעָה
    2. 397386,397387
    3. in calamity
    4. -
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    7. in,calamity
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277280
    2. 397388
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277281

OET (OET-LV) How_blessed is_a_person who_fears continually and_one_who_hardens his/its_heart he_will_fall in_calamity.

OET (OET-RV) The person who strives to allows obey Yahweh will be blessed,
 ⇔ ^ but the one who firmly resists will fall into trouble.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 25:1–29:27: This is Hezekiah’s collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the second collection of Solomon’s proverbs. These proverbs were organized and copied by men who served King Hezekiah. Most scholars divide this section into two groups. These groups differ in several ways.

The first group (chapters 25–27) has many more comparisons and admonitions. In Hebrew, most of these comparisons are metaphors in which one or more illustrations precede the topic. Some English versions change the order so that the topic precedes the illustration(s). You should follow the order that expresses the meaning naturally and effectively in your language.

In the first group, many proverbs are one verse long. As with the individual proverbs in the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (Section 10:1–22:16), they are not related to the proverbs around them. Other proverbs in this group are two or more verses long. Still others are one-verse proverbs that are closely related in theme. Proverbs in all three categories will be marked as separate paragraphs.

The second group (chapters 28–29) has more contrastive proverbs. The proverbs in this group are each one verse long. They will not be marked as separate paragraphs.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

Proverbs of Solomon Collected by Hezekiah (NET)

These are also wise things that Solomon said

28:14

This proverb contrasts the happiness of a person who is afraid to sin with the disaster that awaits a person who stubbornly continues to sin. The GW has been used as the source line for 28:14a because it follows the recommended interpretation. Notice the parallel parts that contrast in meaning:

14a Blessed is the one who is always fearful of sin, (GW)

14bbut he who hardens his heart falls into trouble.

In Hebrew and in the English versions, the parallel parts are arranged in the form of a chiasm. In some languages, it may be more natural to change the order of the parallel parts in one of the lines. For example:

14a A person who always has fear is happy.

Use whatever order is more natural in your language.

28:14a

Blessed is the man who is always reverent,

(GW) Blessed is the one who is always fearful of sin: In Hebrew, this clause is literally “Happy is the person who fears/dreads continually.” The clause does not specify what the person “fears.” There are two main ways to interpret the object of “fears”:

  1. The person fears/dreads sin and its consequences. For example:

    Blessed are those who fear to do wrong (NLT) (CEV, GW, NAB, NET, NJPS, NLT)The NRSV and NJB both have “is never without fear.” The NIV11 has “always trembles before God.” The NCV has “are always respectful.” These versions are technically ambiguous, so they have not been listed under this interpretation, even though they use a phrase that is different from the verses that clearly refer to fear/reverence of God.

  2. The person fears and respects the LORD. For example:

    Blessed is the one who fears the Lord always (ESV) (BSB, ESV, NIV, RSV, GNTThe GNT has “Always obey the Lord….” It has been listed under interpretation (2), because obedience is one aspect of reverential fear of the LORD.)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), along with most versions and scholars. In Proverbs, every other reference to “fear of the LORD” in the sense of reverence/awe or respect uses a different Hebrew verb. See the note at 10:27a for more details. The verb used here in 28:14a is used elsewhere in Proverbs of a person’s fear or dread of disaster.According to BDB #6345 (p. 808b), the only verse where it occurs in the sense of religious awe is Jeremiah 2:19. Here it probably refers to a strong dread of sin and its consequences.BDB #6342 (p. 808a) says that the Piel form used here means “be in great dread.” It specifically cites Proverbs 28:14 as meaning “deeply dreading” (sin). See also Ross (p. 1106), Toy (p. 501), and Cohen (p. 188).

There is an implied logical connection between dread of sin and happiness. A person who dreads sin chooses to do right, and doing right leads to happiness.

Some other ways to translate this line are:

Blessed are those who fear to do wrong (NLT)

If you(sing) always dread the thought of sin and its punishment, you will be happy.

(GW) Blessed: The word that the GW, like the BSB, translates here as Blessed probably means “happy.” For example:

will be happy (NCV)

This word is not the same word that is used in other verses about God blessing people. See the note on 8:32b.

28:14b

but he who hardens his heart falls into trouble.

but he who hardens his heart: The phrase hardens his heart is a figure of speech that refers to a person who refuses to obey God. He stubbornly continues to sin. Some ways to translate this phrase are:

falls into trouble: This phrase is a figure of speech. It indicates that the stubborn person will experience trouble or disaster. Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

are headed for serious trouble (NLT)

you will be ruined (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

אָ֭דָם & וּ⁠מַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗⁠וֹ

humankind & and,[one_who]_hardens his/its=heart

Here, a man, one who hardens, and his refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any person … but any person who hardens that person’s own heart”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

מְפַחֵ֣ד תָּמִ֑יד

fears always

Here, in terror continually refers to reverently fearing Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who is in terror of Yahweh continually”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וּ⁠מַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗⁠וֹ

and,[one_who]_hardens his/its=heart

Here Solomon speaks of a person being stubbornly opposed to Yahweh as if he made his heart hard. The word heart here refers to a person’s mind and will, as in [2:2](../02/02.md). If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. If a translation is available in your language, see how it translated a similar expression in [Exodus 7:3](../exo/07/03.md). Alternate translation: “but one who is stubborn against Yahweh”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

יִפּ֥וֹל בְּ⁠רָעָֽה

fall in,calamity

See how you translated the nearly identical phrase “falls into evil” in [13:17](../13/17.md).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. How blessed
    2. blessed
    3. 439
    5. 397377
    6. P-Ncmpa
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277273
    1. +is a person
    2. person
    3. 638
    5. 397378
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277274
    1. who fears
    2. -
    3. 6358
    5. 397379
    6. V-Vprmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277275
    1. continually
    2. -
    3. 8371
    5. 397380
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277276
    1. and one who hardens
    2. -
    3. 1987,7003
    5. 397381,397382
    6. SV-C,Vhrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277277
    1. his/its heart
    2. -
    3. 3747,1978
    5. 397383,397384
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277278
    1. he will fall
    2. -
    3. 5194
    5. 397385
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277279
    1. in calamity
    2. -
    3. 846,7321
    5. 397386,397387
    6. S-R,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277280

OET (OET-LV) How_blessed is_a_person who_fears continually and_one_who_hardens his/its_heart he_will_fall in_calamity.

OET (OET-RV) The person who strives to allows obey Yahweh will be blessed,
 ⇔ ^ but the one who firmly resists will fall into trouble.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 28:14 ↑ → ► ║ ©