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OET interlinear PROV 28:15

◄ ← PROV 28:15 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אֲרִי
    2. 397389
    3. +is a lion
    4. lion
    6. P-Ncmsa
    7. [is]_a_lion
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277282
    2. 397390
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277283
    1. נֹהֵם
    2. 397391
    3. roaring
    4. roaring
    5. 5098
    6. P-Vqrmsa
    7. roaring
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277284
    1. וְ,דֹב
    2. 397392,397393
    3. and a bear
    4. -
    5. 1677
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    7. and,a_bear
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277285
    1. שׁוֹקֵק
    2. 397394
    3. rushing
    4. -
    5. 8264
    6. P-Vqrmsa
    7. rushing
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277286
    1. מֹשֵׁל
    2. 397395
    3. a ruler
    4. ruler
    5. 4910
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    7. a_ruler
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277287
    1. רָשָׁע
    2. 397396
    3. wicked
    4. wicked
    5. 7563
    6. S-Aamsa
    7. wicked
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277288
    1. עַל
    2. 397397
    3. over
    4. -
    6. S-R
    7. over
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277289
    1. עַם
    2. 397398
    3. a people
    4. people
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. a_people
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277290
    2. 397399
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277291
    1. דָּל
    2. 397400
    3. poor
    4. -
    5. 1800
    6. S-Aamsa
    7. poor
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277292
    2. 397401
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277293

OET (OET-LV) is_a_lion roaring and_a_bear rushing a_ruler wicked over a_people poor.

OET (OET-RV) A wicked ruler over struggling people,
 ⇔ is like a lion roaring or a bear attacking.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 25:1–29:27: This is Hezekiah’s collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the second collection of Solomon’s proverbs. These proverbs were organized and copied by men who served King Hezekiah. Most scholars divide this section into two groups. These groups differ in several ways.

The first group (chapters 25–27) has many more comparisons and admonitions. In Hebrew, most of these comparisons are metaphors in which one or more illustrations precede the topic. Some English versions change the order so that the topic precedes the illustration(s). You should follow the order that expresses the meaning naturally and effectively in your language.

In the first group, many proverbs are one verse long. As with the individual proverbs in the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (Section 10:1–22:16), they are not related to the proverbs around them. Other proverbs in this group are two or more verses long. Still others are one-verse proverbs that are closely related in theme. Proverbs in all three categories will be marked as separate paragraphs.

The second group (chapters 28–29) has more contrastive proverbs. The proverbs in this group are each one verse long. They will not be marked as separate paragraphs.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

Proverbs of Solomon Collected by Hezekiah (NET)

These are also wise things that Solomon said

28:15

This proverb is about a wicked ruler who mistreats the poor, helpless people in his kingdom. He is compared to a roaring lion and a charging bear. In this comparison, the topic (25:15b) follows the illustrations (25:15a).

15aLike a roaring lion or a charging bear

15bis a wicked ruler over a helpless people.

Some of the similarities between the wicked ruler and the two animals are:

  1. They are vicious and violent.

  2. They are dangerous and destructive.

  3. They threaten the lives of their victims.

  4. Their victims are helpless.

28:15a–b

(combined/reordered)

Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over a helpless people: In Hebrew, this comparison is a metaphor. Some ways to translate this metaphor are:

28:15a

Like a roaring lion or a charging bear

a roaring lion: The phrase a roaring lion refers to a lion that roars, growls, or snarls. The point here is that the sound is threatening and produces fear. You should use a term that has this connotation in your language. See how you translated “roar of a lion” in 19:12.

a charging bear: In Hebrew, the phrase a charging bear may refer to a bear that rushes to attack an enemy or victim. It may also refer to a hungry bear that prowls around hunting for food. In both cases, the bear is a dangerous threat to its potential victims. Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

a rushing bear (NASB)

a bear hunting for food (CEV)

an attacking bear (NLT)

If a term for “bear” is not well known in your area, you may use a more general phrase. For example:

a fierce/angry wild animal

28:15b

is a wicked ruler over a helpless people.

a helpless people: The Hebrew word that the BSB translates here as helpless is a general word that means “poor.” The same word was last used in 28:3a (where the BSB translates it as “poor”). Some versions translate this word as helpless because poor people are helpless/powerless to defend themselves when a wicked ruler oppresses them. The phrase a…people refers to people as a collective group, such as the people in the country of a ruler. You may translate it as a singular or plural form.

General Comment on 28:15a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to combine and/or reorder the parts of this comparison. For example:

Poor people are helpless against a wicked ruler; he is as dangerous as a growling lion or a prowling bear. (GNT)

A wicked ruler is as dangerous to the poor as a roaring lion or an attacking bear. (NLT)

A wicked ruler who mistreats poor people is as dangerous as a fierce, wild animal.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְ⁠דֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל

lion roaring and,a_bear charging ruler wicked on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in people poor

If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A wicked ruler over a lowly people is a lion growling and a bear charging”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְ⁠דֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק

lion roaring and,a_bear charging

In this verse, Solomon speaks of a wicked ruler over a lowly people being frightening and dangerous as if he were A lion growling and a bear charging. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Very dangerous” or “Like a lion growling or a bear charging”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל

ruler wicked on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in people poor

Here, a wicked ruler and a lowly people refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any wicked ruler over any lowly people”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

דָּֽל

poor

See how you translated the same use of lowly in [10:15](../10/15.md).

Note 5 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

עַם

people

See how you translated the same use of people in [11:14](../11/14.md).

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

28:15 A wicked ruler will not help the poor because his rule is not just. Like a roaring lion or an attacking bear, he destroys their lives.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. +is a lion
    2. lion
    3. 208
    5. 397389
    6. P-Ncmsa
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277282
    1. roaring
    2. roaring
    3. 5140
    5. 397391
    6. P-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277284
    1. and a bear
    2. -
    3. 1987,1780
    5. 397392,397393
    6. P-C,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277285
    1. rushing
    2. -
    3. 7876
    5. 397394
    6. P-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277286
    1. a ruler
    2. ruler
    3. 4765
    5. 397395
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277287
    1. wicked
    2. wicked
    3. 7351
    5. 397396
    6. S-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277288
    1. over
    2. -
    3. 5837
    5. 397397
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277289
    1. a people
    2. people
    3. 5847
    5. 397398
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277290
    1. poor
    2. -
    3. 1704
    5. 397400
    6. S-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277292

OET (OET-LV) is_a_lion roaring and_a_bear rushing a_ruler wicked over a_people poor.

OET (OET-RV) A wicked ruler over struggling people,
 ⇔ is like a lion roaring or a bear attacking.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 28:15 ↑ → ► ║ ©