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Prov 28 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28

OET interlinear PROV 28:17

◄ ← PROV 28:17 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אָדָם
    2. 397415
    3. a person
    4. -
    5. 120
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. a_person
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277306
    1. עָשֻׁק
    2. 397416
    3. oppressed
    4. -
    5. 6231
    6. V-Vqsmsa
    7. oppressed
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277307
    1. בְּ,דַם
    2. 397417,397418
    3. by +the blood of
    4. -
    5. 1818
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. by_[the],blood_of
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277308
    2. 397419
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277309
    1. נָפֶשׁ
    2. 397420
    3. a person
    4. -
    5. 5315
    6. S-Ncbsa
    7. a_person
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277310
    2. 397421
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277311
    2. 397422
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277312
    2. 397423
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277313
    1. עַד
    2. 397424
    3. to
    4. -
    5. 5704
    6. S-R
    7. to
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277314
    2. 397425
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277315
    1. בּוֹר
    2. 397426
    3. +the pit
    4. -
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. [the]_pit
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277316
    1. יָנוּס
    2. 397427
    3. he will flee
    4. -
    5. 5127
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_flee
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277317
    1. אַל
    2. 397428
    3. not
    4. Don't
    5. 408
    6. S-Tn
    7. not
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277318
    2. 397429
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277319
    1. יִתְמְכוּ
    2. 397430
    3. let people support
    4. support
    5. 8551
    6. V-Vqj3mp
    7. let_people_support
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277320
    2. 397431
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277321
    1. ב,וֹ
    2. 397432,397433
    3. in him/it
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3ms
    7. in=him/it
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277322
    2. 397434
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277323

OET (OET-LV) a_person oppressed by_the_blood_of a_person[fn][fn][fn] to the_pit he_will_flee not let_people_support in_him/it.

28:17 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

28:17 OSHB note: We read one or more accents in L differently than BHS. Often this notation indicates a typographical error in BHS.

28:17 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

OET (OET-RV) A man tormented by the killing of another will flee to the pit.
 ⇔ Don’t let anyone support him.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 25:1–29:27: This is Hezekiah’s collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the second collection of Solomon’s proverbs. These proverbs were organized and copied by men who served King Hezekiah. Most scholars divide this section into two groups. These groups differ in several ways.

The first group (chapters 25–27) has many more comparisons and admonitions. In Hebrew, most of these comparisons are metaphors in which one or more illustrations precede the topic. Some English versions change the order so that the topic precedes the illustration(s). You should follow the order that expresses the meaning naturally and effectively in your language.

In the first group, many proverbs are one verse long. As with the individual proverbs in the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (Section 10:1–22:16), they are not related to the proverbs around them. Other proverbs in this group are two or more verses long. Still others are one-verse proverbs that are closely related in theme. Proverbs in all three categories will be marked as separate paragraphs.

The second group (chapters 28–29) has more contrastive proverbs. The proverbs in this group are each one verse long. They will not be marked as separate paragraphs.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

Proverbs of Solomon Collected by Hezekiah (NET)

These are also wise things that Solomon said

28:17

This proverb needs to be understood in light of God’s command that anyone who commits murder must pay for that crime with his life (Gen. 9:5–6). A person who is guilty of murder will have to flee from justice. He will be a fugitive until he dies, and no one should help him. The NJB has been used as the source line for 28:17a because it follows the recommended interpretation for that line.

17aA man guilty of murder (NJB)

17bwill flee into the Pit;

17clet no one support him.

28:17a

A man burdened by bloodguilt

(NJB) A man guilty of murder: This phrase is more literally “A person oppressed by the blood of a life.” In this phrase, “blood” is a figure of speech that represents murder, the shedding of blood.NET footnote b, Fox (p. 827). There are two main ways to interpret this phrase:

  1. It means that the person is guilty of murder. It is implied by the OT context that the murderer will need to flee from the death penalty. The term “oppressed” implies that living as a fugitive for the rest of his life is a heavy burden to carry. It does not mean that the murderer is oppressed by a guilty conscience. For example:

    those who are guilty of murder (NCV) (CEV, ESV,The ESV has been listed here because it cross-references Genesis 9:6, which speaks of the death penalty against someone who has shed another person’s blood. The NRSV has also been listed here because its wording almost identical to the ESV, and it follows the same interpretation for the other lines as well. KJV, NCV, NJB, NRSV, REB, GNT)The versions listed under this interpretation simply identify the crime of murder or leave the nature of the burden implied.

  2. It means that the murderer is oppressed or tormented by a guilty conscience. For example:

    A man tormented by the guilt of murder (NIV) (BSB, GW, NASB, NET, NIV, NJPS, NLT)The versions listed under this interpretation make explicit the burden or torment of guilt.

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). Although the OT does have examples of murderers who were aware of their guilt, there are no examples of murderers who were forced to flee due to the torment of their guilty conscience.

Some other ways to translate this line are:

If a person has committed murder

A person who has killed his fellow man

28:17a–c

(combined/reordered)

28:17b

will flee into the Pit;

will flee into the Pit: There are three main ways to interpret this phrase:

  1. The murderer will flee from justice in order to escape the death penalty. He will be a fugitive until the time of his death (the time when he reaches his grave or the world of the dead). For example:

    will flee till he reaches his tomb (NJB) (CEV, ESV, GW, NASB, NCV, NIV, NJB, NRSV)

  2. The murderer will flee in order to escape the torment of his guilty conscience. He flees toward death, perhaps by committing suicide. For example:

    will seek refuge in the grave (NIV11) (BSB, NIV11, NLT)The NET rendering “will flee to the pit” has not been listed here, because according its own footnote, there are problems with both of the first two interpretations and the meaning of “the pit” has not been resolved. The GNT “digging his own grave…” is an idiom that refers to causing one’s own downfall or ruin. It could perhaps be listed here, but it does not necessarily imply that a person who is guilty of murder is fleeing toward death.

  3. The murderer will flee to a pit, well, or cistern, perhaps to hide from his pursuers. For example:

    will jump into a well to escape arrest (REB) (NJPS, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). The Hebrew verb form that is used here refers elsewhere to fleeing from danger. It never refers to fleeing toward danger or death.See TWOT (#1327). Of the seven other cases of the form verb used here (yanus), Exodus 21:13, Numbers 35:26, and Deuteronomy 19:4 have flee “there” = to a city of refuge. In all these cases a murderer is fleeing from an avenger. Jeremiah 46:6 = flee in retreat. For Amos 2:16, 5:19, and 9:1: 5:19 has a prep “from” (a lion); the others simply have “flee,” with the context indicating judgment or the sword. There are no cases of a person fleeing from his conscience. In the OT, murderers normally seek to escape the death penalty. They do not seek their own deaths. There are no instances of suicide in Proverbs. Of the 6 OT cases of suicide,Abimelech, Samson, Saul and his armor-bearer, Ahithophel, and Zimri. none were due to the torment of a guilty conscience.

Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

will keep running away as long as they live

will remain a fugitive until his life ends

into the Pit: The phrase that the BSB translates as into the Pit is literally “to/until a/the pit.” In the OT a “pit” can refer to a literal hole/pit in the ground, a cistern, or a well. It can also refer figuratively to the place of the dead (Sheol), death, or the grave, which is how the BSB understands the reference.

28:17c

let no one support him.

let no one support him: There are two ways to interpret this line:

  1. It means that no one should help or protect the murderer as he flees from justice. For example:

    let no one help him (ESV) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NJPS, NLT, NRSV)

  2. It means that no one should hinder or stop him as he flees toward death. For example:

    Don’t try to stop him. (GNT) (NIV11, NJB, GNT)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), along with most versions. Some other ways to translate this line are:

Don’t protect him. (NLT)

let no one offer assistance (NRSV)

General Comment on 28:17a–b

In some languages, it may be more natural to reorder some of the phrases in these two lines. For example:

Don’t help those who are guilty of murder; let them run until they die. (NCV)

Don’t give help to murderers! Make them stay on the run for as long as they live. (CEV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

אָ֭דָם & נָפֶשׁ & בּ֥וֹר & בֽ⁠וֹ

humankind & soul & death & in=him/it

A man, a life, a pit, and him refer to a type of person and these things in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person … any life … any pit … that person”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

עָשֻׁ֣ק בְּ⁠דַם־נָפֶשׁ

burdened by_[the],blood_of soul

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the blood of a life oppresses”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

עָשֻׁ֣ק בְּ⁠דַם־נָפֶשׁ

burdened by_[the],blood_of soul

Here, oppressed refers to a person being guilty of murdering someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “guilty for the blood of a life”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בְּ⁠דַם

by_[the],blood_of

Here, blood refers to violently murdering someone, which usually causes blood to come out of the person who is murdered. See how you translated the same use of blood in [1:11](../01/11.md).

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

נָפֶשׁ

soul

Here, life refers to a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

יָ֝נ֗וּס

be_a_fugitive

Here, flee implies that the murderer is fleeing from punishment for what he has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will flee from punishment” or “will flee from those who want to punish him”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בּ֥וֹר

death

Here, pit could refer to: (1) death, which is when that person would be buried in a pit. Alternate translation: “the grave” or “death” (2) a deep hole or well where the murderer would try to hide. Alternate translation: “a pit to hide in”

Note 8 topic: writing-pronouns

אַל־יִתְמְכוּ

not support

Here, them refers to any people in general who may think about helping the murderer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let no one support” or “let any people not support”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

28:17 tormented conscience: See 1 Sam 25:31; Rom 2:15; 13:5; cp. Heb 10:22.
• Don’t protect him! Murder is such a serious offense that a fine could not replace the death penalty (see Num 35:32).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. a person
    2. -
    3. 638
    5. 397415
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277306
    1. oppressed
    2. -
    3. 6026
    5. 397416
    6. V-Vqsmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277307
    1. by +the blood of
    2. -
    3. 846,1755
    5. 397417,397418
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277308
    1. a person
    2. -
    3. 5059
    5. 397420
    6. S-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277310
    1. to
    2. -
    3. 5798
    5. 397424
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277314
    1. +the pit
    2. -
    3. 1277
    5. 397426
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277316
    1. he will flee
    2. -
    3. 5280
    5. 397427
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277317
    1. not
    2. Don't
    3. 515
    5. 397428
    6. S-Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277318
    1. let people support
    2. support
    3. 8375
    5. 397430
    6. V-Vqj3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277320
    1. in him/it
    2. -
    3. 846,1978
    5. 397432,397433
    6. S-R,Sp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277322

OET (OET-LV) a_person oppressed by_the_blood_of a_person[fn][fn][fn] to the_pit he_will_flee not let_people_support in_him/it.

28:17 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

28:17 OSHB note: We read one or more accents in L differently than BHS. Often this notation indicates a typographical error in BHS.

28:17 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

OET (OET-RV) A man tormented by the killing of another will flee to the pit.
 ⇔ Don’t let anyone support him.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 28:17 ↑ → ► ║ ©