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OET interlinear PROV 28:2

◄ ← PROV 28:2 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. בְּ,פֶשַֽׁע
    2. 397222,397223
    3. By +the transgression of
    4. rebellion
    5. 6588
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    7. by_[the],transgression_of
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277156
    1. אֶרֶץ
    2. 397224
    3. a land
    4. -
    5. 776
    6. S-Ncbsa
    7. a_land
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277157
    1. רַבִּים
    2. 397225
    3. +are many
    4. -
    6. P-Aampa
    7. [are]_many
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277158
    1. שָׂרֶי,הָ
    2. 397226,397227
    3. princes of its
    4. rulers
    5. 8269
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    7. princes_of,its
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277159
    1. וּ,בְ,אָדָם
    2. 397228,397229,397230
    3. and by a person
    4. in man
    5. 120
    6. S-C,R,Ncmsa
    7. and,by,a_person
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277160
    1. מֵבִין
    2. 397231
    3. who has understanding
    4. understanding
    5. 995
    6. S-Vhrmsa
    7. [who]_has_understanding
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277161
    1. יֹדֵעַ
    2. 397232
    3. who knows
    4. -
    5. 3045
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    7. [who]_knows
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277162
    1. כֵּן
    2. 397233
    3. +the right
    4. right
    6. S-Tm
    7. [the]_right
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277163
    1. יַאֲרִיךְ
    2. 397234
    3. it will last long
    4. long
    5. 748
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    7. it_will_last_long
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277164
    2. 397235
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277165

OET (OET-LV) By_the_transgression_of a_land are_many princes_of_its and_by_a_person who_has_understanding who_knows the_right it_will_last_long.

OET (OET-RV) A country in rebellion has many rulers,
 ⇔ ^ but an understanding man who know’s what’s right will last long.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 25:1–29:27: This is Hezekiah’s collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the second collection of Solomon’s proverbs. These proverbs were organized and copied by men who served King Hezekiah. Most scholars divide this section into two groups. These groups differ in several ways.

The first group (chapters 25–27) has many more comparisons and admonitions. In Hebrew, most of these comparisons are metaphors in which one or more illustrations precede the topic. Some English versions change the order so that the topic precedes the illustration(s). You should follow the order that expresses the meaning naturally and effectively in your language.

In the first group, many proverbs are one verse long. As with the individual proverbs in the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (Section 10:1–22:16), they are not related to the proverbs around them. Other proverbs in this group are two or more verses long. Still others are one-verse proverbs that are closely related in theme. Proverbs in all three categories will be marked as separate paragraphs.

The second group (chapters 28–29) has more contrastive proverbs. The proverbs in this group are each one verse long. They will not be marked as separate paragraphs.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

Proverbs of Solomon Collected by Hezekiah (NET)

These are also wise things that Solomon said

28:2

Verse 28:2a refers to a nation whose people rebel. This rebellion results in an unstable society that has many rulers. In contrast (28:2b), when a nation has a wise leader, the result is a stable government.

2aA land in rebellion has many rulers,

2bbut a man of understanding and knowledge maintains order.

28:2a

A land in rebellion has many rulers,

A land in rebellion: There are two ways to interpret this clause:

  1. It refers to a situation when the people of a nation rebel against God. They rebel when they deliberately sin against him by breaking his laws and rejecting their agreement to serve him. For example:

    When a land transgresses (ESV)

    When a nation sins (GNT) (ESV, NASB, NLT, GNT)

  2. It refers to rebellion against the current ruler or government. For example:

    When a country is in revolt (GW)

    In time of civil war (CEV) (CEV, GW, NJB)

Versions such as the BSB (quoted above), the NIV (“When a country is rebellious”) or the NRSV (“When a land rebels”) can refer to either interpretation (1) or (2). If you can translate in a way that refers naturally to either interpretation, you should do so. Otherwise, it is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), along with most scholars. The Hebrew noun that is used here usually refers to deliberate disobedience or rebellion against God’s law or covenant.See the discussions on the noun pešaʿ in NIDOTTE (H7322), TWOT (#1846a), and Vine (#6588, pp. 266–267). Commentaries that support interpretation (1) include Waltke, Ross, Delitzsch, Whybray, Kidner, and Cohen. Commentaries that support (2) include UBS, Longman, and Hubbard. This rebellion often results in an unstable government.

A land: The word that the BSB translates as land is a figure of speech. It represents the people of a country. Some other ways to translate this whole clause are:

When the people of a nation refuse to obey God’s laws

When those who inhabit a country sin/rebel against God

has many rulers: There are two ways to interpret this clause. The second interpretation is more specific than the first:

  1. The country has many rulers. They may rule at the same time or one after another. For example:

    it has many leaders (CEV) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, NASB, NET, NIV, NJB, NJPS)

  2. The country has many rulers, one after another, in a relatively short time. For example:

    it will have one ruler after another (GNT) (NCV, GNT)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). In an unstable society, there may be leaders of many competing groups. Moreover, a leader who gains control may not stay in power for a long time.

28:2b

but a man of understanding and knowledge maintains order.

but a man of understanding and knowledge maintains order: In Hebrew, the first part of this phrase is more literally “a man discerning, knowing.” In the context of 28:2a, this phrase refers to a leader or ruler who is sensible or intelligent. He also has knowledge or experience.

understanding: See discerning (Hebrew: mebin) in the Glossary.

maintains order: Such a leader makes wise decisions that keep the country strong and stable.

Some other ways to translate this line are:

with one person wise and experienced, you have stability (NJB)

but when it is led by a man with understanding and knowledge, it continues strong (NCV)

Some versions use a single term that combines the meaning of “understanding” and “knowledge.” For example:

but with an intelligent ruler there is lasting order (NRSV)

but a nation that has a sensible leader will have a strong government that lasts a long time

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

בְּ⁠פֶ֣שַֽׁע אֶ֭רֶץ רַבִּ֣ים שָׂרֶ֑י⁠הָ

by_[the],transgression_of earth/land many princes_of,its

By here indicates that having transgression is one reason why a land has many rulers. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Transgression is one reason why a land has many rulers”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

בְּ⁠פֶ֣שַֽׁע

by_[the],transgression_of

See how you translated the abstract noun transgression in [10:19](../10/19.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

אֶ֭רֶץ & שָׂרֶ֑י⁠הָ & יַאֲרִֽיךְ

earth/land & princes_of,its & endures

Here, land, its, and it refer to the people who live in a land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people in a land … are their rulers … those people will endure”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וּ⁠בְ⁠אָדָ֥ם

and,by,a_person

Here Solomon implies that a man is a ruler. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but by a ruler”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / doublet

מֵבִ֥ין יֹ֝דֵ֗עַ

understanding knowing

The words understands and knows mean the same thing. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “who really understands”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

28:2 Wise . . . leaders rule justly and effectively (8:15-16).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. By +the transgression of
    2. rebellion
    3. 846,6286
    5. 397222,397223
    6. S-R,Ncmsc
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277156
    1. a land
    2. -
    3. 422
    5. 397224
    6. S-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277157
    1. +are many
    2. -
    3. 7191
    5. 397225
    6. P-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277158
    1. princes of its
    2. rulers
    3. 8068,1978
    5. 397226,397227
    6. S-Ncmpc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277159
    1. and by a person
    2. in man
    3. 1987,846,638
    5. 397228,397229,397230
    6. S-C,R,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277160
    1. who has understanding
    2. understanding
    3. 940
    5. 397231
    6. S-Vhrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277161
    1. who knows
    2. -
    3. 3207
    5. 397232
    6. S-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277162
    1. +the right
    2. right
    3. 3529
    5. 397233
    6. S-Tm
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277163
    1. it will last long
    2. long
    3. 731
    5. 397234
    6. V-Vhi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277164

OET (OET-LV) By_the_transgression_of a_land are_many princes_of_its and_by_a_person who_has_understanding who_knows the_right it_will_last_long.

OET (OET-RV) A country in rebellion has many rulers,
 ⇔ ^ but an understanding man who know’s what’s right will last long.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 28:2 ↑ → ► ║ ©